Web Document Models for Web Information Retrieval

http://www.emse.fr/OSWIR05/2005-oswir-p19-beigbeder.pdfInternational audienceDifferent Web document models in relation to the hyper- text nature of the Web are presented. The Web graph is the most well known and used data extracted from the Web hy- pertext. The ways it has been used in works in relation with information retrieval are surveyed. Finally, some consider- ations about the integration of these works in a Web search engine are presented

Construction et utilisation de contextes autour des noeuds d'un hypertexte pour la recherche d'information

http://dn.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=5190Nous faisons l'hypothèse que la mise sous forme hypertexte d'un document atomise l'information dans le sens où les noeuds de l'hypertexte qui sont créés ne sont pas auto-suffisants pour pouvoir être appréhendés. Sous cette hypothèse, le contenu seul du noeud n'est pas suffisant pour l'indexer dans un but de l'insérer dans un système de recherche d'information. Nous avons implémenté et testé une méthode de construction de contextes autour des noeuds d'un hypertexte en utilisant une méthode de classification automatique. Cette dernière est basée sur une mesure de similarité entre les noeuds prenant en compte à la fois les aspects structurels de l'hypertexte, à savoir les liens entre les noeuds, et le contenu textuel des noeuds. Notre système de recherche d'information indexe à la fois les noeuds et leurs contextes. Le modèle de requête que nous utilisons est à deux niveaux : niveau sujet et niveau contexte

Internet Fish

I have invented "Internet Fish," a novel class of resource-discovery tools designed to help users extract useful information from the Internet. Internet Fish (IFish) are semi-autonomous, persistent information brokers; users deploy individual IFish to gather and refine information related to a particular topic. An IFish will initiate research, continue to discover new sources of information, and keep tabs on new developments in that topic. As part of the information-gathering process the user interacts with his IFish to find out what it has learned, answer questions it has posed, and make suggestions for guidance. Internet Fish differ from other Internet resource discovery systems in that they are persistent, personal and dynamic. As part of the information-gathering process IFish conduct extended, long-term conversations with users as they explore. They incorporate deep structural knowledge of the organization and services of the net, and are also capable of on-the-fly reconfiguration, modification and expansion. Human users may dynamically change the IFish in response to changes in the environment, or IFish may initiate such changes itself. IFish maintain internal state, including models of its own structure, behavior, information environment and its user; these models permit an IFish to perform meta-level reasoning about its own structure. To facilitate rapid assembly of particular IFish I have created the Internet Fish Construction Kit. This system provides enabling technology for the entire class of Internet Fish tools; it facilitates both creation of new IFish as well as additions of new capabilities to existing ones. The Construction Kit includes a collection of encapsulated heuristic knowledge modules that may be combined in mix-and-match fashion to create a particular IFish; interfaces to new services written with the Construction Kit may be immediately added to "live" IFish. Using the Construction Kit I have created a demonstration IFish specialized for finding World-Wide Web documents related to a given group of documents. This "Finder" IFish includes heuristics that describe how to interact with the Web in general, explain how to take advantage of various public indexes and classification schemes, and provide a method for discovering similarity relationships among documents

Internet... the final frontier: an ethnographic account: exploring the cultural space of the Net from the inside

The research project The Internet as a space for interaction, which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organisation. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the Net’s organisation as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network’s basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project’s final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organised Internet is based upon technically and organisationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards. --

Internet... the final frontier: an ethnographic account ; exploring the cultural space of the net from the inside

"The research project 'The Internet as a space for interaction', which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organisation. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the net's organisation as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network’s basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project's final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organised Internet is based upon technically and organisationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards." (author's abstract)"Das im Herbst 1998 abgeschlossene Forschungsprojekt 'Interaktionsraum Internet' hat sich mit den konstitutiven Merkmalen der Netzkultur und Netzwerkorganisation beschäftigt. Im Vordergrund des Interesses stand das dynamische Zusammenspiel technischer und gesellschaftlicher Konventionen in der Organisation wie auch im Wandel des Netzes. Die ethnographisch angeleitete Binnenperspektive auf das Internet konzentrierte sich auf drei ausgewählte Bereiche, um Prozesse der Institutionenbildung und die Formen ihrer Transformation zu studieren: die hegemoniale Betriebstechnik der Netzknoten (UNIX), die grundlegende Übertragungstechnik im Netz (das Internet Protokoll IP) und einen populären Kommunikationsdienst (Usenet). Der Schlußbericht des Projekts enthält die Ergebnisse der drei Untersuchungsstränge. Gezeigt wird anhand der Entwicklung in den drei Feldern, daß sich der Wandel des Netzes weder beliebig noch anarchisch vollzieht. Das dezentral organisierte Internet beruht vielmehr auf technisch wie organisatorisch verteilten Formen der Koordination, in denen individuelle Handlungspräferenzen kollektiv definitionsmächtig werden." (Autorenreferat

Term-driven E-Commerce

Die Arbeit nimmt sich der textuellen Dimension des E-Commerce an. Grundlegende Hypothese ist die textuelle Gebundenheit von Information und Transaktion im Bereich des elektronischen Handels. Überall dort, wo Produkte und Dienstleistungen angeboten, nachgefragt, wahrgenommen und bewertet werden, kommen natürlichsprachige Ausdrücke zum Einsatz. Daraus resultiert ist zum einen, wie bedeutsam es ist, die Varianz textueller Beschreibungen im E-Commerce zu erfassen, zum anderen können die umfangreichen textuellen Ressourcen, die bei E-Commerce-Interaktionen anfallen, im Hinblick auf ein besseres Verständnis natürlicher Sprache herangezogen werden

RIPE--rapid instruction production environment

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).by Bruce Alan McHenry.M.S

Community acquired respiratory syncytial virus infections : detection by multiplex PCR and strain characterisation by partial G gene sequencing

The aim of this project was to design an assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) RNA extracted directly from clinical specimens. The assay was intended to address the question of whether RSV is a significant cause of respiratory illness in all age groups of the general community. The amplification assay for the detection of RSV subtypes A and B was designed using primers located in the nucleocapsid gene. This RSV PCR was incorporated into a multiplex PCR together with primers specific to influenza A H1N1, H3N2 and influenza B, The multiplex assay was optimised and validated, and different amplicon detection methods were investigated with a view to develop a high throughput protocol. The multiplex PCR assay was then applied to combined nose and throat swabs collected from members of the general community with influenza or influenza like illness, over a three year period (1995-1998). Analysis of these results revealed the co-circulation of RSV and influenza during the winters. RSV was shown to be an important contributor to respiratory illness in all age groups, being detectable in about 20% of patients with influenza like illness. The RSV positive samples from the three winter seasons studied were processed to obtain sequence data suitable for molecular epidemiological analysis. A strategy to amplify and sequence the first variable region of the glycoprotein gene was developed. PCR amplification was successfully performed directly using stored clinical samples. Phylogenetic analyses of the amplicons revealed that different strain types circulated during each winter season

On-the-fly recommendation retrieval from linked open data repositories

Some recommender systems (RS) utilize Linked Open Data (LOD) to enhance the item descriptions in the local database. However, these systems do not yet take full advantage of the potential of RDF data for personalized retrieval. The work describes the strengths of LOD repositories as well as the challenges of RDF processing for recommendation tasks. Against the background of these characteristics, a recommendation engine, called SKOSRecommender (SKOSRec), was developed. The system utilizes SKOS annotations to determine similar items and provides a graph-based query language for on-the-fly retrieval from SPARQL endpoints. This enables novel retrieval approaches. For instance, the SKOSRec language facilitates the representation of individual user preferences as query-based statements. Hence, it is possible to generate a user profile with the help of a SPARQL-like request (preference querying). Additionally, the language enables subquerying with recommendation results and the usage of graph-based query patterns to formulate powerful filter conditions for result lists (expressive constraint-based queries). Besides, the language allows flexible combinations of graph- and search-based query patterns (i.e., advanced recommendation requests). Examples of such requests are rollup retrieval patterns or cross-domain queries. The novel approaches were evaluated in a series of offline and online experiments in different domains (travel RS, multimedia RS and scientific publication retrieval). The results show that most of the developed methods improve the quality of existing recommendation methods. Effects predominantly occurred in the performance dimensions of recall, novelty, and diversity. The positive evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new methods. Thus, the work can contribute to the advancement of personalized search techniques, which can be applied for semantic retrieval in LOD repositories as well as for typical recommendation tasks