114 research outputs found

    Theory of Victimization of Educated Women in India: Understanding Experts’ perception of a Cognitive Shift

    Get PDF
    WĂ€hrend in Indien geschlechtspezifische Gewalt zunimmt, steigt auch die Alphabetisierungsrate von Frauen. Angesichts eines solchen Szenarios bietet die Theorie der Viktimisierung gebildeter Frauen eine Gesamtanalyse der Ursachen von Gewalt, der Auswirkungen der Bildung auf die ErmĂ€chtigung von Frauen und der VerĂ€nderung der geschlechtspezifischen Gewalt im modernen Indien an. Um diese Doktorarbeit umfangreich zu machen, ist hier eine breitere Definition von Bildung verwendet worden. Hier schließt die Bildung informelle Bildung ein, die durch die Rolle der Medien analysiert worden ist. FĂŒr die Nicht-formelle-Bildung sind die Rollen der religiösen Prediger und des institutionellen Unterrichts analysiert worden. Somit umfasst die Theorie sowohl die gebildete als auch die Analphabetenbevölkerung. Aufgrund der Daten, die ĂŒber die Methode des Expertinterviews und ĂŒber biografische Berichte erhoben worden sind, wurde die Theorei fomuliert. Die Perspektive der Experten ist mit kognitivem Diskurs diskutiert worden. Die Theorie ist in vier Phasen unterteilt. Die erste Phase ist „Lebensweise“, die im Zentrum der Theorie steht. Die „Lebensweise“ wurde von Experten als die Ursache von Gewalt genannt. Die „Lebensweise“ ist das patriarchalische Glaubenssystem, das der Grund fĂŒr geschlechtspezifische Gewalt und fĂŒr die Unterwerfung von Frauen ist. WĂ€hrend der Diskussion ĂŒber den Stand der ErmĂ€chtigung von Frauen im modernen Indien wurde von Experten ĂŒber die „störenden“ Faktoren wie z.B. die Rolle der Medien, der religiösen Prediger und der formellen Bildung im Bezug auf Frauen diskutiert. Die dritte Phase besteht aus Konsequenzen „VerĂ€nderungen“, die die Auswirkung der „störenden“ Faktoren auf die „Lebensweise“ erklĂ€rt. Die Phase „VerĂ€nderungen“ erklĂ€rt, wie sich „Lebensweise“ aufgrund des Wissens verĂ€ndert. Durch die Integration dieser drei Faktoren wird eine fundierte Theorie (Grounded Theory) von „Viktimisierung gebildeter Frauen in Indien“ formuliert. Die Theorie beantwortet aufgrund des Bewusstseins und Wissens, ob Frauen mit Gewalt umgehen oder Gewalt tolerieren. Hat Wissen MĂ€nner und Frauen dazu befĂ€higt, das patriarchalische Umfeld in Frage zu stellen? Die Theorie erklĂ€rt auch, dass die Viktimisierung und ErmĂ€chtigung von Frauen in der heutigen Zeit Hand in Hand gehen. Um das VerstĂ€ndnis dieser Doktorarbeit ĂŒber ihren ursprĂŒnglichen Bereich des Geschlechterdiskurses hinaus zu erweitern, hat die Forscherin die aufkommende „Sunstantive Grounded Theory“ mit den kognitiven Diskurs verwoben. Zur Veranschaulichung dieser Theorie sind die kognitiven Konzepte aus der kognitiven Soziologie und Psychologie verwendet worden. Die „Sunstantive Grounded Theory“ der Viktimisierung von Frauen ist auf der Basis der kognitiven Psychologie erklĂ€rt worden, um eine kognitive Verschiebung (VerĂ€nderung der Lebensweise) des indischen Denkens zu zeigen. Bei dieser Arbeit sind disziplinĂŒbergreifende AnsĂ€tze zur Analyse der Wahrnehmung der Experten vom Stand der Frauen in der indischen Gesellschaft benutzt worden. Die entdeckte „Grounded Theory“ wird die Grundlage fĂŒr zukĂŒnftige Forschung in den Bereichen von Geschlecht, Bildung und ErmĂ€chtigung sein. Außerdem könnten politische Entscheidungstreffer auch dadurch profitiert werden.In India, presently, gender-based violence is increasing at an alarming rate but at the same time due to state’s effort female literacy rate rising too. In the light of such scenario, the theory of victimization of educated women provides an overall analysis of causes of violence, impact of education on women empowerment and changing nature of gender-based violence in modern India. To make the thesis all-inclusive, the broader definition of education is being used. Here education includes informal education, which is analysed through the role of media. Non-formal education for which the role of religious preacher is being analysed and the role of institutional teaching is also analysed. Thus, the theory includes all literate as well as illiterate population. The theory is formulated using the data collected from the expert interview method and the Biographical narrative interview method. The expert's perspective is discussed with cognitive discourse. The theory is divided into the four phases. First one is the “way of living” which is central to the theory. The experts discussed the “way of living” as a cause of violence. ‘way of living” is the patriarchal belief system which is the cause of gender-based violence and the women’s 'subjugation. While discussing the status of women’s empowerment in the modern India, the experts discussed the “interfering” factors such as role of media, religious preachers and formal education on women. The third phase is the consequences ‘changing’, which explains an impact of “interfering” factors on the “way of living”. ‘Changing’ explains how due to the knowledge the “way of living” is changing. By integrating these three factors a grounded theory ‘the theory of victimization of educated women in India’ is formulated. The theory answers that due to awareness and knowledge whether women are dealing or tolerating a violence on them. Does knowledge empowered men and women to challenge the patriarchal setting? It also explains in the contemporary times victimization and empowerment of women go hand in hand.To expand the understanding of the thesis beyond its original area of gender discourse, the researcher weaves the emergent substantive grounded theory to the cognitive discourse. Various cognitive concepts from cognitive sociology and psychology are used to illustrate the theory. The substantive grounded theory of the “victimizing educated women” is explained using cognitive psychology to explain a cognitive shift (changing nature of the way of living) of the Indian thought community. The research engaged cross disciplinary approaches to analyse experts’ perception of the status of women in Indian society. The discovered grounded theory in future will be the foundation for the future research on gender, education and empowerment and will also be helpful for policy makers of India.2021-04-0

    A case study of religious engagement online: how Malaysian Muslim students access Islamic information

    Get PDF
    The spread of digital technology has expanded how people engage with religious information. Religious activities are no longer restricted to physical spaces as the Internet allows users to customize their religious experiences. This study, grounded in the uses and gratifications theory, explores how Malaysian Muslim students access religious information across two mediums: print and electronic media; as well as investigating the relationship between the preferred medium for accessing information and religious engagement. Malaysian Muslim students studying in Malaysia and the United States were recruited online for preliminary and in-depth interviews. The results show that access to the Internet, availability of print sources, location of users and the level of religiosity, influence how Malaysian Muslim students consume religious information

    Energy Measurement and Profiling of Internet of Things Devices

    Get PDF
    As technological improvements in hardware and software have grown in leaps and bounds, the presence of IoT devices has been increasing at a fast rate. Profiling and minimizing energy consumption on these devices remains to be an an essential step towards employing them in various application domains. Due to the large size and high cost of commercial energy measurement platforms, the research community has proposed alternative solutions that aim to be simple, accurate, and user friendly. However, these solutions are either costly, have a limited measurement range, or low accuracy. In addition, minimizing energy consumption in IoT devices is paramount to their wide deployment in various IoT scenarios. Energy saving methods such as duty-cycling aim to address this constraint by limiting the amount of time the device is powered on. This process needs to be optimized, as devices are now able to perform complex, but energy intensive tasks due to advancements in hardware. The contributions of this paper are two-fold. First we develop an energy measurement platform for IoT devices. This platform should be accurate, low-cost, easy to build, and configurable in order to scale to the high volume and varying requirements for IoT devices. The second contribution is improving the energy consumption on a Linux-based IoT device in a duty-cycled scenario. It is important to profile and optimize boot up time and shutdown time, and improve the way user applications are executed. EMPIOT is an accurate, low-cost, easy to build, and flexible power measurement platform. We present the hardware and software components that comprise EMPIOT and then study the effect of various design parameters on accuracy. In particular, we analyze the effect of driver, bus speed, input voltage, and buffering mechanisms on sampling rate, measurement accuracy, and processing demand. In addition to this, we also propose a novel calibration technique and report the calibration parameters under different settings. In order to demonstrate EMPIOT\u27s scalability, we evaluate its performance against a ground truth on five different devices. Our results show that for very low-power devices that utilize 802.15.4 wireless standard, measurement error is less than 4%. In addition, we obtain less than 3% error for 802.11-based devices that generate short and high power spikes. The second contribution is the optimization the energy consumption of IoT devices in a duty cycled scenario by reducing boot up duration, shutdown duration, and user application duration. To this end, we study and improve the amount of time a Linux-based IoT device is powered on to accomplish its tasks. We analyze the processes of system boot up and shutdown on two platforms, the Raspberry Pi 3 and Raspberry Pi Zero Wireless, and enhance duty-cycling performance by identifying and disabling time consuming or unnecessary units initialized in the userspace. We also study whether SD card speed and SD card capacity utilization affect boot up duration and energy consumption. In addition, we propose Pallex, a novel parallel execution framework built on top of the systemd init system to run a user application concurrently with userspace initialization. We validate the performance impact of Pallex when applied to various IoT application scenarios: (i) capturing an image, (ii) capturing and encrypting an image, (iii) capturing and classifying an image using the the k-nearest neighbor algorithm, and (iv) capturing images and sending them to a cloud server. Our results show that system lifetime is increased by 18.3%, 16.8%, 13.9% and 30.2%, for these application scenarios, respectively

    Multi-purpose embedded communication gateway : system design and testbed implementation

    Get PDF
    Masteroppgave i Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi IKT590 Universitetet i Agder 2014This dissertation revolves around developing a multi-purpose embedded communication gateway. The gateway is equipped with multiple communication interfaces including Ethernet, Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, LTE, and it can be configured and utilized for many purposes, such as a failover of an Ethernet cable via 4G in order to maintain the network connectivity. Raspberry Pi circuit board and the operating system Raspbian are selected as the hardware and the software platforms respectively. Different communication interfaces are coordinated by the Raspberry Pi and are configured via Linux scripts according to various use cases. Furthermore, a hardware watchdog is adopted to enhance the availability of system. In addition, the system is encapsulated into a box to increase its portability. The system is validated and evaluated through rigorous test-bed experiments. Experiment results indicate that the developed router works smoothly and reliably in environments with little electrical disturbances

    Centering relationality in online Indigenous language learning: Reflecting on the creation and use of Rosetta Stone Chickasaw

    Get PDF
    Drawing on the authors’ experiences developing Rosetta Stone Chickasaw (RSC), an asynchronous online Chikashshanompa' (Chickasaw language) course, this article shares examples of how relationality is enacted in online Indigenous language learning. We discuss the RSC interface and ways that it created opportunities and barriers to centering Indigenous and Chikasha (Chickasaw) relational epistemologies in which people are related to one another, the land, the spirits, and to the language itself. Our reflections on relationality in RSC are guided by the following questions: What relationships are required to create an online Indigenous language course? How do people create and strengthen relationships in online education spaces? How can online language work be re-emplaced in off-line relationships? Sharing examples from RSC, we consider relationality in video, audio, images, written instruction, and assessment. We conclude by returning to our guiding questions, offering our reflections and encouragement to others who may undertake similar work.National Foreign Language Resource Cente

    Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 35 Number 1, Fall 1992

    Get PDF
    11 - SENIOR SEMINAR Elderhostel brings a different kind of student to Santa Clara. By Christine Spielberger \u2769 14 - DAYS RICH WITH EMPTINESS A noted Catholic writer reflects on his annual retreat to a Trappist abbey, a respite from the daily stress of getting and spending. In a related article, he discusses The Inner Experience, an unpublished book by Thomas Merton that examines the modern contemplative lifestyle. By Mitch Finley \u2773 22 - WHAT\u27S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE? The image of an all -male Senate committee weighing the merits of Anita Hill \u27s charges against Clarence Thomas spurred a group of Bay Area women to create 20%+ by 2020, a group dedicated to increasing female representation in government and top corporate management. By Sallie Lycette \u2786 24 - DUNGEON OF THE MIND A young woman tells of her battle with clinical depression, a disease that afflicts an estimated 20 million Americans. By Kathy Dalle-Molle \u2785 28 - UP CLOSE: SAM HERNANDEZ Organic materials and multicultural influences evolve into bold, earthy images at the hands of SCU\u27s resident sculptor. By Maureen Mclnaney \u2785https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/sc_mag/1051/thumbnail.jp

    Transitions from Telephone Surveys to Self-Administered and Mixed-Mode Surveys: AAPOR Task Force Report

    Get PDF
    Telephone surveys have been a ubiquitous method of collecting survey data, but the environment for telephone surveys is changing. Many surveys are transitioning from telephone to self-administration or combinations of modes for both recruitment and survey administration. Survey organizations are conducting these transitions from telephone to mixed modes with only limited guidance from existing empirical literature and best practices. This article summarizes findings by an AAPOR Task Force on how these transitions have occurred for surveys and research organizations in general. We find that transitions from a telephone to a selfadministered or mixed-mode survey are motivated by a desire to control costs, to maintain or improve data quality, or both. The most common mode to recruit respondents when transitioning is mail, but recent mixedmode studies use only web or mail and web together as survey administration modes. Although early studies found that telephone response rates met or exceeded response rates to the self-administered or mixed modes, after about 2013, response rates to the self-administered or mixed modes tended to exceed those for the telephone mode, largely because of a decline in the telephone mode response rates. Transitioning offers opportunities related to improved frame coverage and geographic targeting, delivery of incentives, visual design of an instrument, and cost savings, but challenges exist related to selecting a respondent within a household, length of a questionnaire, differences across modes in use of computerization to facilitate skip patterns and other questionnaire design features, and lack of an interviewer for respondent motivation and clarification. Other challenges related to surveying youth, conducting surveys in multiple languages, collecting nonsurvey data such as biomeasures or consent to link to administrative data, and estimation with multiple modes are also prominent

    Identity and Authenticity: A Figurational Exploration of Tattooing Practices in Twenty-First Century Britain

    Get PDF
    The body has become an increasingly important resource upon which individuals construct their self-identities. Whether it is through the clothes that we choose to wear, the hairstyles we adopt, or the size and shape of our bodies, consumer culture increasingly promotes the body as an entity of individual choice whose outward appearance reflects who we are on the inside. This thesis explores the relationship between the body and self-identity through an exploration of contemporary tattooing practices, and in so doing adds to the burgeoning body of work that has explored the relationship between the body and identity (i.e. Turner 1991; Giddens 1991; Shilling 2012), and the expanding corpus of literature that has explored tattooing (i.e. Sweetman 1999a, 1999b, 1999c; Atkinson 2002, 2003a, 2003b, 2004; DeMello 2000; Pitts 2003; Sanders 2008). Data for this thesis was generated by conducting mixed-method ethnographic research in order to explore how individuals utilise tattooing as part of their individual body projects of self-identity. Adopting Norbert Elias’s figurational – or process – sociology I explore how and why tattooing has become an increasingly sought after and acceptable form of corporeal alteration that has moved from the social margins to occupy a place of heightened respectability, and why individuals choose tattooing over others form of body project available to them. I propose that a key reason for tattooing’s popularity in 21st century Britain is that is allows individuals to fulfil quests for authenticity that have become an increasingly central concern for contemporary citizens. Concurrently, this thesis also explores the relationship between researchers and their research settings by examining the insider/outsider status of social researchers, and exploring themes of involvement, detachment, and reflexivity. It argues that the ideal of totally objective social research proposed by Weber is not obtainable, nor should it be. Instead, researchers should take into account their own biography and how this impacts upon the research process and the dissemination of findings, in order to produce object-adequate knowledge

    An Analysis of the Pedagogical Methods of Hindu Gurus

    Get PDF
    The purpose of this study was to explore the pedagogical methods of Hindu gurus that could be applicable to elementary school teaching for the inner development of students. With severe cutbacks to classroom instruction and demands by economic, political, and educational leaders for education to produce a highly skilled work force for the future of the economy, teachers are forced to use precision teaching for measurable learning. The review of the literature in this study presented a historiography of Western pedagogical methods. It showed how Western teaching methods have been defined by the seventeenth-century Newtonian objectivistic-reductionistic-mechanistic paradigm and later enforced by Comte\u27s positivistic ideology for education. Teaching continues to use this paradigm for both academic achievement and to solve the different problems that students face today. The perpetuation of these old teaching dogmas and practices means that teachers are unable to address the human dimension and the subjective needs of their students. The study followed a qualitative inquiry design that used an analytic research methodology. It involved a library search for document sources on four Hindu gurus: three males, Ramakrishna (1836–1886), Ramana Maharshi (1879–1950), and Yogananda (1893—1952); and one female, Anandamayi (1896–1982). Interpretive analysis was utilized for the data collected. The data indicated that Hindu gurus used two distinct pedagogies: direct and indirect teaching methods. Based on many years of spiritual discipline and their direct and total experiences with God—the Ultimate Reality, Hindu gurus used a variety of techniques within these two methods to teach learners how to also experience God. The direct pedagogies were face-to-face instructional methods that used specific techniques such as analogies, illustrations, stories, puns, parables, games, songs, rites, rituals, and ceremonies. The indirect methods were subtle, silent methods that communicated spiritual advancement, such as the gurus\u27 look, gaze, touch, and presence. The gurus believed that by experiencing God, learners would develop Godly qualities and also act from a moral and ethical perspective. A fundamental aspect of teaching and education is to recognize the needs of the whole child. This cannot be done in the absence of the spiritual dimension. Any new leadership vision for teaching is one that must include a shift to a new epistemology of science and a new ontology of wholeness. A Self-Awareness Teaching (SAT) Model was developed to provide preliminary steps for teaching toward the recognition and development of the inner self of students and teachers.
    • 

    corecore