15,542 research outputs found

    Optimal control of wind energy conversion systems with doubly-fed induction generators

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    Wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) have become the interesting topic over recent years for the renewable electrical power source. They are a more environmentally friendly and sustainable resource in comparison with the fossil energy resource. The WECS using a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) to convert mechanical power into electrical power has a significant advantage. This WECS requires a smaller power converter in comparison with a squirrel cage induction generator. Efficiency of the DFIG-WECS can be improved by a suitable control system to maximise the output power from WECS. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller such as tip-speed ratio (TSR)control and power signal feedback (PSF) control is use to maximise mechanical power from wind turbine and a model-based loss minimisation control (MBLC) is used to minimise electrical losses of the generator. However, MPPT and MBLC require the parameters of the wind turbine and the generator for generating the control laws like optimal generator speed reference and d-axis rotor current reference. The Efficiencies of the MPPT and MBLC algorithms deteriorate when wind turbine and generator parameters change from prior knowledge. The field oriented control for a DFIG in the WECS is extended by introducing a novel control layer generating online optimal generator speed reference and d-axis rotor current reference in order to maximise power produced from the WECS under wind turbine and DFIG parameter uncertainties, which is proposed. The single input rule modules (SIRMs) connected fuzzy inference model is applied to the control algorithm for optimal power control for variable-speed fixed-pitch wind turbine in the whole wind speed range by generating an online optimal speed reference to achieve optimal power under wind turbine parameter uncertainties. The proposed control combines a hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, a constant rotational speed controller for below-rated wind speed and a limited-power active stall regulation by rotational speed control for above-rated wind speed. The three methods are appropriately organised via the fuzzy controller based SIRMs connected fuzzy inference model to smooth transition control among the three methods. The online parameter estimation by using Kalman filter is applied to enhance model-based loss minimisation control (MBLC). The d-axis rotor current reference of the proposed MBLC can adapt to the accurate determination of the condition of minimum electrical losses of the DFIG when the parameters of the DFIG are uncertain. The proposed control algorithm has been verified by numerical simulations in Matlab/Simulink and it has been demonstrated that the energy generated for typical wind speed profiles is greater than that of a traditional control algorithm based on PSF MPPT and MBLC

    A Controller for Optimum Electrical Power Extraction from a Small Grid-Interconnected Wind Turbine

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    [EN] Currently, wind power is the fastest-growing means of electricity generation in the world. To obtain the maximum efficiency from the wind energy conversion system, it is important that the control strategy design is carried out in the best possible way. In fact, besides regulating the frequency and output voltage of the electrical signal, these strategies should also extract energy from wind power at the maximum level of efficiency. With advances in micro-controllers and electronic components, the design and implementation of efficient controllers are steadily improving. This paper presents a maximum power point tracking controller scheme for a small wind energy conversion system with a variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator. With the controller, the system extracts optimum possible power from the wind speed reaching the wind turbine and feeds it to the grid at constant voltage and frequency based on the AC-DC-AC conversion system. A MATLAB/SimPowerSystems environment was used to carry out the simulations of the system. Simulation results were analyzed under variable wind speed and load conditions, exhibiting the performance of the proposed controller. It was observed that the controllers can extract maximum power and regulate the voltage and frequency under such variable conditions. Extensive results are included in the paper.This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports-reference FPU16/04282.García-Sánchez, TM.; Mishra, AK.; Hurtado-Perez, E.; Puche-Panadero, R.; Fernández-Guillamón, A. (2020). A Controller for Optimum Electrical Power Extraction from a Small Grid-Interconnected Wind Turbine. Energies. 13(21):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215809S1161321Fernández-Guillamón, A., Villena-Lapaz, J., Vigueras-Rodríguez, A., García-Sánchez, T., & Molina-García, Á. (2018). An Adaptive Frequency Strategy for Variable Speed Wind Turbines: Application to High Wind Integration Into Power Systems. Energies, 11(6), 1436. doi:10.3390/en11061436Fernández-Guillamón, A., Sarasúa, J. I., Chazarra, M., Vigueras-Rodríguez, A., Fernández-Muñoz, D., & Molina-García, Á. (2020). Frequency control analysis based on unit commitment schemes with high wind power integration: A Spanish isolated power system case study. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 121, 106044. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106044Huber, M., Dimkova, D., & Hamacher, T. (2014). Integration of wind and solar power in Europe: Assessment of flexibility requirements. Energy, 69, 236-246. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.109Fernández-Guillamón, A., Martínez-Lucas, G., Molina-García, Á., & Sarasua, J.-I. (2020). Hybrid Wind–PV Frequency Control Strategy under Variable Weather Conditions in Isolated Power Systems. Sustainability, 12(18), 7750. doi:10.3390/su12187750Fernández‐Guillamón, A., Vigueras‐Rodríguez, A., & Molina‐García, Á. (2019). Analysis of power system inertia estimation in high wind power plant integration scenarios. IET Renewable Power Generation, 13(15), 2807-2816. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0220Fernández-Guillamón, A., Das, K., Cutululis, N. A., & Molina-García, Á. (2019). Offshore Wind Power Integration into Future Power Systems: Overview and Trends. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(11), 399. doi:10.3390/jmse7110399Muñoz-Benavente, I., Hansen, A. D., Gómez-Lázaro, E., García-Sánchez, T., Fernández-Guillamón, A., & Molina-García, Á. (2019). Impact of Combined Demand-Response and Wind Power Plant Participation in Frequency Control for Multi-Area Power Systems. Energies, 12(9), 1687. doi:10.3390/en12091687Gil-García, I. C., García-Cascales, M. S., Fernández-Guillamón, A., & Molina-García, A. (2019). 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Quantitative Feedback Theory design of robust MPPT controller for Small Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Design, analysis and experimental study. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 35, 308-320. doi:10.1016/j.seta.2019.08.002Zhang, X., Huang, C., Hao, S., Chen, F., & Zhai, J. (2016). An Improved Adaptive-Torque-Gain MPPT Control for Direct-Driven PMSG Wind Turbines Considering Wind Farm Turbulences. Energies, 9(11), 977. doi:10.3390/en9110977Shafiei, A., Dehkordi, B. M., Kiyoumarsi, A., & Farhangi, S. (2017). A Control Approach for a Small-Scale PMSG-Based WECS in the Whole Wind Speed Range. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 32(12), 9117-9130. doi:10.1109/tpel.2017.2655940Oliveira, T. D., Tofaneli, L. A., & Santos, A. Á. B. (2020). Combined effects of pitch angle, rotational speed and site wind distribution in small HAWT performance. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42(8). doi:10.1007/s40430-020-02501-4Battisti, L., Benini, E., Brighenti, A., Dell’Anna, S., & Raciti Castelli, M. (2018). Small wind turbine effectiveness in the urban environment. Renewable Energy, 129, 102-113. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.062Jeong, H. G., Seung, R. H., & Lee, K. B. (2012). An Improved Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Wind Power Systems. Energies, 5(5), 1339-1354. doi:10.3390/en5051339Zhu, Y., Cheng, M., Hua, W., & Wang, W. (2012). A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Wind Energy Conversion Systems. Energies, 5(5), 1398-1412. doi:10.3390/en5051398Chen, J.-H., & Hung, W. (2015). Blade Fault Diagnosis in Small Wind Power Systems Using MPPT with Optimized Control Parameters. Energies, 8(9), 9191-9210. doi:10.3390/en8099191Syahputra, R., & Soesanti, I. (2019). 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    Power Quality Improvement and Low Voltage Ride through Capability in Hybrid Wind-PV Farms Grid-Connected Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer

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    © 2018 IEEE. Translations and content mining are permitted for academic research only. Personal use is also permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.This paper proposes the application of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to enhance the power quality and improve the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of a three-phase medium-voltage network connected to a hybrid distribution generation system. In this system, the photovoltaic (PV) plant and the wind turbine generator (WTG) are connected to the same point of common coupling (PCC) with a sensitive load. The WTG consists of a DFIG generator connected to the network via a step-up transformer. The PV system is connected to the PCC via a two-stage energy conversion (dc-dc converter and dc-ac inverter). This topology allows, first, the extraction of maximum power based on the incremental inductance technique. Second, it allows the connection of the PV system to the public grid through a step-up transformer. In addition, the DVR based on fuzzy logic controller is connected to the same PCC. Different fault condition scenarios are tested for improving the efficiency and the quality of the power supply and compliance with the requirements of the LVRT grid code. The results of the LVRT capability, voltage stability, active power, reactive power, injected current, and dc link voltage, speed of turbine, and power factor at the PCC are presented with and without the contribution of the DVR system.Peer reviewe

    Operating Point Optimization of a Hydrogen Fueled Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Steam Turbine (SOFC-ST) Plant

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    This paper presents a hydrogen powered hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine (SOFC-ST) system and studies its optimal operating conditions. This type of installation can be very appropriate to complement the intermittent generation of renewable energies, such as wind generation. A dynamic model of an alternative hybrid SOFC-ST configuration that is especially suited to work with hydrogen is developed. The proposed system recuperates the waste heat of the high temperature fuel cell, to feed a bottoming cycle (BC) based on a steam turbine (ST). In order to optimize the behavior and performance of the system, a two-level control structure is proposed. Two controllers have been implemented for the stack temperature and fuel utilization factor. An upper supervisor generates optimal set-points in order to reach a maximal hydrogen efficiency. The simulation results obtained show that the proposed system allows one to reach high efficiencies at rated power levels.This work has been carried out in the Intelligent Systems and Energy research group of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and has been supported by the UFI11/28 research grant of the UPV/EHU and by the IT677-13 research grant of the Basque Government (Spain) and by DPI2012-37363-CO2-01 research grant of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

    Hybrid MPPT Control: P&O and Neural Network for Wind Energy Conversion System

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    In the field of wind turbine performance optimization, many techniques are employed to track the maximum power point (MPPT), one of the most commonly used MPPT algorithms is the perturb and observe technique (PO) because of its ease of implementation. However, the main disadvantage of this method is the lack of accuracy due to fluctuations around the maximum power point. In contrast, MPPT control employing neural networks proved to be an effective solution, in terms of accuracy. The contribution of this work is to propose a hybrid maximum power point tracking control using two types of MPPT control: neural network control (NNC) and the perturbation and observe method (PO), thus the PO method can offer better performance. Furthermore, this study aims to provide a comparison of the hybrid method with each algorithm and NNC. At the resulting duty cycle of the 2 methods, we applied the combination operation. A DC-DC boost converter is subjected to the hybrid MPPT control.  This converter is part of a wind energy conversion system employing a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The chain is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink software. The effectiveness of the controller is tested at varying wind speeds. In terms of the Integral time absolute error (ITAE), using the PO technique, the ITAE is 9.72. But, if we apply the suggested technique, it is smaller at 4.55. The corresponding simulation results show that the proposed hybrid method performs best compared to the PO method. Simulation results ensure the performance of the proposed hybrid MPPT control.

    Tip Speed Ratio Based MPPT Algorithm and Improved Field Oriented Control for Extracting Optimal Real power and Independent Reactive Power Control for Grid Connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator

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    Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) needs to get adopted to change in wind speeds with sudden change in reactive power or grid terminal voltage as it is required for maintaining synchronism and stability as per modern grid rules. This paper proposes a controller for DFIG converters and optimal tip speed ratio based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for turbine to maintain equilibrium in rotor speed, generator torque, and stator and rotor voltages and also to meet desired reference real power during the turbulences like sudden change in reactive power or voltage with concurrently changing wind speed. The performance of DFIG is compared when there is change in wind speed only, changes in reactive power and variation in grid voltage along with variation in wind speed

    A Review of Control Techniques for Wind Energy Conversion System

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    Wind energy is the most efficient and advanced form of renewable energy (RE) in recent decades, and an effective controller is required to regulate the power generated by wind energy. This study provides an overview of state-of-the-art control strategies for wind energy conversion systems (WECS). Studies on the pitch angle controller, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, the machine side controller (MSC), and the grid side controller (GSC) are reviewed and discussed. Related works are analyzed, including evolution, software used, input and output parameters, specifications, merits, and limitations of different control techniques. The analysis shows that better performance can be obtained by the adaptive and soft-computing based pitch angle controller and MPPT controller, the field-oriented control for MSC, and the voltage-oriented control for GSC. This study provides an appropriate benchmark for further wind energy research

    A Review of Control Techniques Future Trends in Wind Energy Turbine Systems with Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG)

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    تعتبر طاقة الرياح حاليا واحدة من أكثر مصادر الطاقة الخضراء النظيفة الملاءمة على نطاق واسع في العالم. تم تطوير العديد من مبادئ توربينات الرياح بستخدام  المولدات المختلفة لتحويل طاقة الرياح المتاحة إلى طاقة كهربائية. يعد نظام المولد الحثي ذي التغذية المزدوجة DFIG لتوربينات الرياح ذات السرعة المتغيرة نسبيا (VSWT) هو الأكثر ملاءمة لطاقة توربينات الرياح بسبب فوائده العديدة مقارنة بتوربينات الرياح ذات السرعة الثابتة نسبيا (FSWT). تقدم هذه الورقة مراجعة و مقارنة عن طاقة توربينات الرياح المختلفة وملخصًا قيمًا للعمل الأخير المتعلقة بأنظمة طاقة الرياح المختلفة (WECS) لنمذجة DFIG وأقصى نقطة طاقة MPP وأحدث نظام تحكم للتشغيل. ومن ناحية أخرى تم في الدراسة الحالية تقديم مقارنات ومناقشات بين توربينات الرياح المختلفة لتكون مفيدة للدراسات البحثية.Wind energy is currently widely regarded as one of the most favorable green clean sources of energy. Several wind turbine principles with various generator architectures have been evolved to exchange the available wind energy into electric power. The DFIG partial Variable-Speed Wind Turbine (VSWT) system is most proper for wind turbine energy because of its numerous benefits over Fixed-Speed Wind Turbines (FSWT). This paper introduces a comparative review of the different wind turbine conversion energy and a valuable summary of the recent work in the literature on different Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) of a DFIG modeling, Maximum Power Point (MPP), and the latest control system for operation. On the other side, comparisons and discussions between different wind turbines have been presented in the current study to be beneficial for research studies

    Multilevel Converters: An Enabling Technology for High-Power Applications

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    | Multilevel converters are considered today as the state-of-the-art power-conversion systems for high-power and power-quality demanding applications. This paper presents a tutorial on this technology, covering the operating principle and the different power circuit topologies, modulation methods, technical issues and industry applications. Special attention is given to established technology already found in industry with more in-depth and self-contained information, while recent advances and state-of-the-art contributions are addressed with useful references. This paper serves as an introduction to the subject for the not-familiarized reader, as well as an update or reference for academics and practicing engineers working in the field of industrial and power electronics.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología DPI2001-3089Ministerio de Eduación y Ciencia d TEC2006-0386
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