JTEC panel report on machine translation in Japan

The goal of this report is to provide an overview of the state of the art of machine translation (MT) in Japan and to provide a comparison between Japanese and Western technology in this area. The term 'machine translation' as used here, includes both the science and technology required for automating the translation of text from one human language to another. Machine translation is viewed in Japan as an important strategic technology that is expected to play a key role in Japan's increasing participation in the world economy. MT is seen in Japan as important both for assimilating information into Japanese as well as for disseminating Japanese information throughout the world. Most of the MT systems now available in Japan are transfer-based systems. The majority of them exploit a case-frame representation of the source text as the basis of the transfer process. There is a gradual movement toward the use of deeper semantic representations, and some groups are beginning to look at interlingua-based systems

Dental Hygienists\u27 Cognitive Process in Periodontal Soft Tissue Charting

Introduction: Dental hygienists have not had the opportunity to be involved in the design and development of the periodontal soft tissue charts and the surrounding interface features that are used while examining dental patients in daily practice. In some cases, dentists are able to give their opinions, wants, and needs into the development of the health information systems that they use on a daily basis, but too often, the dental hygienist is forgotten about and no input is ever given to the developers from the dental hygienists. This project considers the impact of well-designed interfaces on effectiveness and workflow particularly in regard to the dental hygienists. It is focused on improving the surrounding interface of the electronic periodontal soft tissue chart in order to provide effective and efficient patient-centered cognitive support to the dental hygienist during a patient\u27s periodontal examination. Current periodontal soft tissue charts used in daily practice lack dental hygienists’ input during development. This study will fill a gap in knowledge by defining dental hygienists’ workflow and needs, and then proposing a layout and prototype for a periodontal soft tissue chart interface that will meet those needs. Methodology: Using a multi-phase methodology (ethnographic observations, focus groups, and cognitive task analysis) the wants and needs of practicing dental hygienists were defined. Based on the results of the ethnographic observations, focus groups, and cognitive task analysis sessions, a prototypical periodontal soft tissue chart interface was developed. The prototype then underwent usability testing by dental hygienists to compare its usability versus the existing commercial software, Dentrix. Results: Ten dental hygienists participated in the ethnographic observations, focus groups, and cognitive task analysis sessions. The wants and needs of dental hygienists were determined, as well as a “common” workflow among them. Using these results, the prototypical periodontal soft tissue chart interface was developed. Usability testing comparing Dentrix and the prototype revealed that the dental hygienists completed tasks on the prototype with greater success and speed than on Dentrix. Furthermore, the dental hygienists provided more positive comments toward the prototype than Dentrix. Conclusions: This study exhibits the need to properly involve the end users – dental hygienists – in the creation of a prototypical periodontal soft tissue chart interface. Health information systems need to involve the end users at all stages in the development process in order to design and develop a system that is efficient and usable for them

CLaSSES: a New Digital Resource for Latin Epigraphy

CLaSSES (Corpus for Latin Sociolinguistic Studies on Epigraphic textS) is an annotated corpus aimed at (socio)linguistic research on Latin inscriptions. Provided with linguistic, extra- and meta-linguistic features, it can be used to perform quantitative and qualitative variationist analyses on Latin epigraphic texts. In particular, it allows the user to analyze spelling (and possibly phonetic-phonological) variants and to interpret them with reference to the dating, the provenance place, and the type of the texts. This paper presents the first macro-section of CLaSSES, focused on inscriptions of the archaic and early periods (CLaSSES I)

2014-2015 Graduate Catalog

https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/g_cat/1000/thumbnail.jp

2016-2017 Graduate Catalog

https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/g_cat/1020/thumbnail.jp

2014-2015 Graduate Catalog

https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/g_cat/1000/thumbnail.jp

Use and functionality of metadata registry systems

Metadata registries are systems that store authoritative information about the exact meaning and use of metadata elements and metadata terms. They also record the semantic relationships between the different elements and terms. They are a vital part in the process of data standardisation and metadata management and consequently in the organisation of digital information. This study investigates the use and functionality of two active metadata registry systems, as current users of those systems perceive them. A combination of methods such as questionnaire surveys, web log transactions analysis and email interviews was employed to assess them. Users of two metadata registry systems, the MetaForm registry and the Environmental Data Registry (EDR) - currently known as System of Registries (SoR) were surveyed about their satisfaction towards services and products that the registries provided, the efficiency of the support services within the metadata registries and they also recorded feedback about their future expectations of such systems. Results indicated that metadata registry systems are important components in the process of data standardisation and data management. The development of software to support mappings between the elements of different metadata element sets is expected to trigger future research in the evaluation of metadata registry systems. User needs assessment at the initial stages of the set up of metadata registry systems helps to build systems closer to the user needs. Understanding about the context of use of the retrieved information helps to improve the provision of metadata registry system services

Utilizing Electronic Dental Record Data to Track Periodontal Disease Change

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Periodontal disease (PD) affects 42% of US population resulting in compromised quality of life, the potential for tooth loss and influence on overall health. Despite significant understanding of PD etiology, limited longitudinal studies have investigated PD change in response to various treatments. A major barrier is the difficulty of conducting randomized controlled trials with adequate numbers of patients over a longer time. Electronic dental record (EDR) data offer the opportunity to study outcomes following various periodontal treatments. However, using EDR data for research has challenges including quality and missing data. In this dissertation, I studied a cohort of patients with PD from EDR to monitor their disease status over time. I studied retrospectively 28,908 patients who received comprehensive oral evaluation at the Indiana University School of Dentistry between January 1st-2009 and December 31st-2014. Using natural language processing and automated approaches, we 1) determined PD diagnoses from periodontal charting based on case definitions for surveillance studies, 2) extracted clinician-recorded diagnoses from clinical notes, 3) determined the number of patients with disease improvement or progression over time from EDR data. We found 100% completeness for age, sex; 72% for race; 80% for periodontal charting findings; and 47% for clinician-recorded diagnoses. The number of visits ranged from 1-14 with an average of two visits. From diagnoses obtained from findings, 37% of patients had gingivitis, 55% had moderate periodontitis, and 28% had severe periodontitis. In clinician-recorded diagnoses, 50% patients had gingivitis, 18% had mild, 14% had moderate, and 4% had severe periodontitis. The concordance between periodontal charting-generated and clinician-recorded diagnoses was 47%. The results indicate that case definitions for PD are underestimating gingivitis and overestimating the prevalence of periodontitis. Expert review of findings identified clinicians relying on visual assessment and radiographic findings in addition to the case definition criteria to document PD diagnosis.2021-08-1

A review of fertility awareness based methods of birth control

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityWomen who are interested in controlling the timing of their pregnancies have many birth control and family planning options. The majority of women use exogenous forms of contraception, including oral contraceptive pills, hormone shots or patches, intra-uterine devices, or barriers such as condoms, sponges or diaphragms. Many of the exogenous methods have negative side effects including allergic reactions and increased risk of blood clotting, and cancer. Additionally, there can be religious objections to these methods. In an attempt to provide women other, natural, birth control options, an array of methods have been developed over time using knowledge of a woman's menstrual cycle.These methods are referred to as fertility awareness based methods because they track various symptoms of a woman's menstrual cycle to determine when she is fertile. Changes in the cervix, cervical mucus secretions, and basal body temperature indicate the fertile window when a woman is most likely to get pregnant. To avoid pregnancy, women using fertility awareness based methods abstain from unprotected intercourse during their fertile windows. Using cycle length and observed physical changes, six methods have been developed. The goal of this thesis is to review and compare the methods. Of the developed methods, the Standard Days method is a calendar method with an average method effective rate of 95% and an average typical-use effective rate of 88%. The Billings Ovulation method, a cervical mucus only method, has an average method effective rate of 98.5% and an average typical-use effective rate of 82%. The Creighton Model of Fertility Care System, also a cervical mucus only method, has an average method effective rate of 99% and an average typical-use effective rate of 87%. A simpler, cervical mucus only method is the TwoDay method which has an average method effective rate of 96% and a typical-use effective rate of 91%, higher than the other cervical mucus methods, likely due to its ease of use. The symptothermal method uses a combination of symptoms to create a double-check system for entering and exiting the fertile window. The method effective rate is the highest at 99.5% and the average typical-use effective rate is 95%. This method is the most effective, but also the most difficult to learn. Finally, the Marquette Model uses cervical mucus and an electronic fertility monitor to indicate the fertile window. The average method effective rate is 97.8% and the average typical-use effective rate is 83%. [TRUNCATED