Culicidae y Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) que habitan en fi totelmata en el Parque Nacional Iguazú, provincia de Misiones, Argentina subtropical

A list of the most common phytotelmata and their Culicidae and Ceratopogonidae inhabitants from Iguazú National Park, Misiones Province, Argentina, is presented, and biological and behavioral observations are also included. Species of Poaceae, Bromeliaceae, Apiaceae, Araceae, Urticaceae, Marantaceae, and Arecaceae, were identified as phytotelmata. Twenty six species of Culicidae and nine of Ceratopogonidae were identified. The highest species richness of culicids and ceratopogonids was recorded from the bamboo Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae) and treeholes, respectively. Fourteen species of Culicidae and three of Ceratopogonidae inhabit bamboo, two and five treeholes, seven and three bromeliads, and nine and one, other less known phytotelmata, respectively.Se presenta una lista de las fitotelmata más comunes y los Culicidae y Ceratopogonidae que las habitan, del Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina; además de observaciones biológicas y de comportamiento. Especies de Poaceae, Bromeliaceae, Apiaceae, Araceae, Urticaceae, Marantaceae, y Arecaceae, fueron identificadas como fitotelmata. Fueron reconocidas 26 especies de culícidos y nueve de Ceratopogonidae. La mayor riqueza de especies de culícidos y ceratopogónidos se registraron en el bambú Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae) y en los huecos de los árboles respectivamente. Catorce especies de culícidos y tres de ceratopogónidos habitan bambúes, dos y cinco en los huecos de los árboles, siete y tres en bromelias y nueve y una en otras fitotelmata, respectivamente.Fil: Campos, Raul Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Mogi, Motoyoshi. Saga University; Japó

The phylogeny of Anophelinae revisited: inferences about the origin and classification of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)

© 2015 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. "This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Harbach, R. E. and I. J. Kitching (2016). "The phylogeny of Anophelinae revisited: inferences about the origin and classification of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)." Zoologica Scripta 45(1): 34-47, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zsc.12137/full. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.

An approximation to the prediction of the summery emergence of "Ochlerotatus caspius" (Diptera: Culicidae) based on the relationship between degree-days accumulations and adult captures

Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas) (Diptera, Culicidae) es el culícido más abundante durante el verano en las marismas de Huelva. Este estudio demuestra que la relación entre capturas de adultos, convertidas en probit, y la acumulación de temperatura o número de días-grado, convenientemente adaptada mediante a una transformación logarítmica, muestra ser signifi cativamente lineal para cada generación de este mosquito a lo largo de cada verano. Además, si se procesan todos los datos disponibles de todos los años considerados en el estudio se obtiene una alta correlación lineal y, en consecuencia, las ecuaciones resultantes poseen valor predictivo. Los resultados de la validación de los pronósticos que se extraen de las rectas de regresión log-probit, permiten que se puedan considerar estas rectas como una herramienta más de cara a aumentar la efi cacia de los programas de control integrado que se llevan a cabo en esta zona.Predicción de la emergencia estival de Ochlerotatus caspius (Diptera: Culicidae) basada en la relación entre la acumulación de días-grado y la captura de adultos. Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas) (Diptera, Culicidae) es el culícido más abundante durante el verano en las marismas de Huelva. Este estudio demuestra que la relación entre capturas de adultos, convertidas en probit, y la acumulación de temperatura o número de días-grado, convenientemente adaptada mediante a una transformación logarítmica, muestra ser signifi cativamente lineal para cada generación de este mosquito a lo largo de cada verano. Además, si se procesan todos los datos disponibles de todos los años considerados en el estudio se obtiene una alta correlación lineal y, en consecuencia, las ecuaciones resultantes poseen valor predictivo. Los resultados de la validación de los pronósticos que se extraen de las rectas de regresión log-probit, permiten que se puedan considerar estas rectas como una herramienta más de cara a aumentar la efi cacia de los programas de control integrado que se llevan a cabo en esta zona

Chemical Cues for Malaria Vectors Oviposition Site Selection:\ud Challenges and Opportunities

The attractiveness of oviposition site for malaria vector mosquitoes is dependent upon a number of physical and chemical factors. Many aspects of mosquito behavior, including host location and oviposition, are mediated by volatile semiochemicals. It is anticipated that selection of oviposition site by semio-chemicals in the form of attractants or stimulants can be used in oviposition traps to monitor or possibly in combination with insecticides to control gravid mosquito populations for mass trapping. So far, volatile compounds identified as oviposition attractants for mosquitoes include phenol, 4-methyl phenol, 4-ethyl phenol, indole, skatole, and p-cresol from hay infusions; 3-carene, terpinene, copaene, cedrene, and d-cadinene released by copepods; alcohol and terpenoids including p-cresol fromplants; ethyl acetate and hydrocarbon substances, probably released by filamentous algae; 3-methyl-1-butanol identified frombacteria. Research priorities should be directed at identifying more oviposition attractants to determine the properties of these semio-chemicals for possible use in designing control tools. This would aim at luring females to lethal traps or stimulants to increase their exposure to insecticide-impregnated substrates.\ud \u

The phylogenetic conundrum of Lutzia(Diptera: Culicidae: Culicini): a cautionary account of conflict and support

This is an open access article, available to all readers online, published under a creative commons licensing (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This document is the author's submitted version of the journal article. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it

Measuring public-health outcomes of release of transgenic mosquitoes

The transgenic RIDL method could ensure that male mosquitos can be released without biting females and that the males would have no female progeny after mating to wild females. Urban Anopheles or Aedes vector populations, surrounded by different species in rural areas, would seem to be the most appropriate targets for such releases, aiming at eradication. In urban areas intensity of transmission is generally not very high and the public-health outcomes of such urban programmes could be monitored by passive surveillance through health facilities or by active surveillance for infections with or without associated symptoms. The alternative use of transgenic mosquitos would be to produce strains refractory to infection by pathogens such as Plasmodium and to drive such genes into wild populations. In theory, in contrast to sterile-male eradication, such a procedure could "resist" a limited level of immigration and could open up the possibility of using the method against African rural malaria. However, in practice it would seem extremely difficult or impossible to ensure the necessary complete linkage of the refractoriness genes to the driving system. If this problem could be overcome one could monitor the impact of the spreading of the refractoriness genes by its impact on (i) the sporozoite rate in the wild population; (ii) the incidence of re-infection after clearing existing infections with an appropriate drug treatment; (iii) active surveillance for prevalence of malaria fever and anaemia in children; (iv) attacks of severe malaria and deaths monitored though hospitals and village reporters

Pyrethroid resistance/susceptibility and differential urban/rural distribution of Anopheles arabiensis and An. gambiae s.s. malaria vectors in Nigeria and Ghana

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and DDT caused by the kdr gene in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Giles s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) has been reported in several West African countries. To test for pyrethroid resistance in two more countries, we sampled populations of the An. gambiae complex from south-western Ghana and from urban and rural localities in Ogun State, south-west Nigeria. Adult mosquitoes, reared from field-collected larvae, were exposed to the WHO-recommended discriminating dosage of exposure for 1 h to DDT 4%, deltamethrin 0.05% or permethrin 0.75% and mortality was recorded 24 h post-exposure. Susceptibility of An. gambiae s.l. to DDT was 94-100% in Ghana and 72-100% in Nigeria, indicating low levels of DDT resistance. Deltamethrin gave the highest mortality rates: 97-100% in Ghana, 95-100% in Nigeria. Ghanaian samples of An. gambiae s.l. were fully susceptible to permethrin, whereas some resistance to permethrin was detected at 4/5 Nigerian localities (percentage mortalities 75, 82, 88, 90 and 100%), with survivors including both An. arabiensis Patton and An. gambiae s.s. identified by PCR assay. Even so, the mean knockdown time was not significantly different from a susceptible reference strain, indicating absence or low frequency of kdr-type resistance. Such low levels of pyrethroid resistance are unlikely to impair the effectiveness of pyrethroid-impregnated bednets against malaria transmission. Among Nigerian samples of An. gambiae s.l., the majority from two urban localities were identified as An. arabiensis, whereas the majority from rural localities were An. gambiae s.s. These findings are consistent with those of M. Coluzzi et al. (1979). Differences of ecological distribution between molecular forms of An. gambiae s.s. were also found, with rural samples almost exclusively of the S-form, whereas the M-form predominated in urban samples. It is suggested that 'urban island' populations of An. arabiensis and of An. gambiae s.s. M-form in the rainforest belt of West Africa might be appropriate targets for elimination of these malaria vectors by the sterile insect technique

New and old mosquito records for extreme southern Florida (Diptera: Culicidae)

New locality records for Culiseta inornata (Williston) are reported from Big Pine Key, Grassy Key, and No Name Key in Monroe County, Florida. Five specimens were collected in dry ice-baited light traps. An old, previously unrecognized record for Anopheles grabhamii Theobald from Miami, Dade County, Florida, is reported based on specimens found in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods

Insecticide treated bednets: A review

The functioning and efficacy of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in controlling malaria are discussed in the present review. ITNs Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) have been shown to have a beneficial impact in reducing malaria mortality and morbidity in children. However, a few issues are still unresolved: for instance the short and long term effects of an artificially induced reduction in the intensity of malaria transmission on the immune system and the mortality of children is not entirely understood; further studies are needed on whether the spread of resistance to pyrethroids, which is the only class of insecticide currently recommended on nets, affects the effectiveness of ITNs so that resistance to these insecticides would constitutes a serious threat for the success of the malaria vector control programs. Lastly, the economic aspects are presented. The main problem is to find a way for a sustainable implementation of this methodology, that includes purchasing new bednets, delivery and the regular re-impregnation of the existing nets. Free delivery and retreatment in poor countries is not only more equitable but also more efficient than marketing methods

First Record of the Mosquitoes \u3ci\u3eAedes Dupreei Psorophora Horrida,\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3ePsorophora Mathesoni\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Culicidae) in St. Joseph County, Indiana

(excerpt) Adult females of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) dupreei (Coquillett), Psorophora (lanthinosoma) horrida (Dyar and Knab), and Psorophora (Janthinosoma) mathesoni (Belkin and Heinemann) were collected on 18 and 19 June 1981, in an oak woodlot in South Bend, Indiana