1,647 research outputs found
Modified Cross-Coupled Control Untuk Meningkatkan Akurasi Gerakan Benda Kerja Pada CNC Milling
Akurasi gerakan benda kerja saat proses pembentukan kontur pada
mesin CNC Milling sangat dipengaruhi oleh pergerakan dari setiap
aksis. Kesalahan kontur yang mungkin terjadi diakibatkan oleh
ketidakakuratan pergerakan masing-masing aksis saat melakukan
tracking kontur dan juga gangguan akibat pembebanan saat proses
feeding. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi kesalahan kontur adalah
dengan melakukan sinkronisasi pengaturan antar aksis. Pada Tugas
Akhir ini diajukan metode Modified Cross-Coupled Control (MCCC)
dengan kontroler PI sebagai Cross-Couple Gain. Metode ini merupakan
hasil modifikasi dari metode Cross-Coupled Control konvensional.
Struktur MCCC berfungsi untuk melakukan sinkronisasi antar aksis.
Metode MCCC terdiri dari sistem pengaturan loop tertutup setiap aksis
dan Cross-Couple Gain yang berfungsi untuk mereduksi kesalahan yang
dihasilkan oleh setiap aksis. Untuk mereduksi kesalahan kontur,
digunakanlah kontroler PD sebagai kontroler setiap aksis dan kontroler
PI sebagai Cross-Couple Controller. Pengujian pada Tugas Akhir ini
adalah simulasi pembentukan kontur linier dan lingkaran. Nilai Root
Mean Square Error (RMSE) yang diperoleh pada pembentukan kontur
linier dan lingkaran adalah minimal 0.0009 dan 0.0028 dan maksimal
0.00036 dan 0.0011. Hasil dari pengujian Tugas Akhir ini menunjukkan
bahwa dengan metode MCCC dengan kontroler PI, mesin CNC dapat
mereduksi kesalahan kontur yang terjadi dan meningkatkan akurasi
pembentukan kontur
The High-Acceptance Dielectron Spectrometer HADES
HADES is a versatile magnetic spectrometer aimed at studying dielectron
production in pion, proton and heavy-ion induced collisions. Its main features
include a ring imaging gas Cherenkov detector for electron-hadron
discrimination, a tracking system consisting of a set of 6 superconducting
coils producing a toroidal field and drift chambers and a multiplicity and
electron trigger array for additional electron-hadron discrimination and event
characterization. A two-stage trigger system enhances events containing
electrons. The physics program is focused on the investigation of hadron
properties in nuclei and in the hot and dense hadronic matter. The detector
system is characterized by an 85% azimuthal coverage over a polar angle
interval from 18 to 85 degree, a single electron efficiency of 50% and a vector
meson mass resolution of 2.5%. Identification of pions, kaons and protons is
achieved combining time-of-flight and energy loss measurements over a large
momentum range. This paper describes the main features and the performance of
the detector system
A numerical study of fin and jet propulsions involving fluid-structure interactions
Fish swimming is elegant and efficient, which inspires humans to learn from them to design
high-performance artificial underwater vehicles. Research on aquatic locomotion has made
extensive progress towards a better understanding of how aquatic animals control their
flexible body and fin for propulsion. Although the structural flexibility and deformation of
the body and fin are believed to be important features to achieve optimal swimming
performance, studies on high-fidelity deformable body and fin with complex material
behavior, such as non-uniform stiffness distributions, are rare.
In this thesis, a fully coupled three-dimensional high-fidelity fluid-structure interaction (FSI)
solver is developed to investigate the flow field evolution and propulsion performance of
caudal fin and jet propulsion involving body and/or fin deformation. Within this FSI solver,
the fluid is resolved by solving unsteady and viscous Navier-Stokes equations based on the
finite volume method with a multi-block grid system. The solid dynamics are solved by a
nonlinear finite element method. The coupling between the two solvers is achieved in a
partitioned approach in which convergence check and sub-iteration are implemented to
ensure numerical stability and accuracy. Validations are conducted by comparing the
simulation results of classical benchmarks with previous data in the literature, and good
agreements between them are obtained.
The developed FSI solver is then applied to study the bio-inspired fin and jet propulsion
involving body deformation. Specifically, the effect of non-uniform stiffness distributions of
fish body and/or fin, key features of fish swimming which have been excluded in most
previous studies, on the propulsive performance is first investigated. Simulation results of a
sunfish-like caudal fin model and a tuna-inspired swimmer model both show that larger
thrust and propulsion efficiency can be achieved by a non-uniform stiffness distribution (e.g.,
increased by 11.2% and 9.9%, respectively, for the sunfish-like model) compared with a
uniform stiffness profile. Despite the improved propulsive e performance, a bionic variable
fish body stiffness does not yield fish-like midline kinematics observed in real fish,
suggesting that fish movement involves significant active control that cannot be replicated
purely by passive deformations.
Subsequent studies focus on the jet propulsion inspired by squid locomotion using the
developed numerical solver. Simulation results of a two-dimensional inflation-deflation jet
propulsion system, whose inflation is actuated by an added external force that mimics the
muscle constriction of the mantle and deflation is caused by the release of elastic energy of
the structure, suggest larger mean thrust production and higher efficiency in high Reynolds
number scenarios compared with the cases in laminar flow. A unique symmetry-breaking
instability in turbulent flow is found to stem from irregular internal body vortices, which
cause symmetry breaking in the wake. Besides, a three-dimensional squid-like jet propulsion
system in the presence of background flow is studied by prescribing the body deformation
and jet velocity profiles. The effect of the background flow on the leading vortex ring
formation and jet propulsion is investigated, and the thrust sources of the overall pulsed jet
are revealed as well.
Finally, FSI analysis on motion control of a self-propelled flexible swimmer in front of a
cylinder utilizing proportional-derivative (PD) control is conducted. The amplitude of the
actuation force, which is applied to the swimmer to bend it to produce thrust, is dynamically
tuned by a feedback PD controller to instruct the swimmer to swim the desired distance from
an initial position to a target location and then hold the station there. Despite the same
swimming distance, a swimmer whose departure location is closer to the cylinder requires
less energy consumption to reach the target and hold the position there.Fish swimming is elegant and efficient, which inspires humans to learn from them to design
high-performance artificial underwater vehicles. Research on aquatic locomotion has made
extensive progress towards a better understanding of how aquatic animals control their
flexible body and fin for propulsion. Although the structural flexibility and deformation of
the body and fin are believed to be important features to achieve optimal swimming
performance, studies on high-fidelity deformable body and fin with complex material
behavior, such as non-uniform stiffness distributions, are rare.
In this thesis, a fully coupled three-dimensional high-fidelity fluid-structure interaction (FSI)
solver is developed to investigate the flow field evolution and propulsion performance of
caudal fin and jet propulsion involving body and/or fin deformation. Within this FSI solver,
the fluid is resolved by solving unsteady and viscous Navier-Stokes equations based on the
finite volume method with a multi-block grid system. The solid dynamics are solved by a
nonlinear finite element method. The coupling between the two solvers is achieved in a
partitioned approach in which convergence check and sub-iteration are implemented to
ensure numerical stability and accuracy. Validations are conducted by comparing the
simulation results of classical benchmarks with previous data in the literature, and good
agreements between them are obtained.
The developed FSI solver is then applied to study the bio-inspired fin and jet propulsion
involving body deformation. Specifically, the effect of non-uniform stiffness distributions of
fish body and/or fin, key features of fish swimming which have been excluded in most
previous studies, on the propulsive performance is first investigated. Simulation results of a
sunfish-like caudal fin model and a tuna-inspired swimmer model both show that larger
thrust and propulsion efficiency can be achieved by a non-uniform stiffness distribution (e.g.,
increased by 11.2% and 9.9%, respectively, for the sunfish-like model) compared with a
uniform stiffness profile. Despite the improved propulsive e performance, a bionic variable
fish body stiffness does not yield fish-like midline kinematics observed in real fish,
suggesting that fish movement involves significant active control that cannot be replicated
purely by passive deformations.
Subsequent studies focus on the jet propulsion inspired by squid locomotion using the
developed numerical solver. Simulation results of a two-dimensional inflation-deflation jet
propulsion system, whose inflation is actuated by an added external force that mimics the
muscle constriction of the mantle and deflation is caused by the release of elastic energy of
the structure, suggest larger mean thrust production and higher efficiency in high Reynolds
number scenarios compared with the cases in laminar flow. A unique symmetry-breaking
instability in turbulent flow is found to stem from irregular internal body vortices, which
cause symmetry breaking in the wake. Besides, a three-dimensional squid-like jet propulsion
system in the presence of background flow is studied by prescribing the body deformation
and jet velocity profiles. The effect of the background flow on the leading vortex ring
formation and jet propulsion is investigated, and the thrust sources of the overall pulsed jet
are revealed as well.
Finally, FSI analysis on motion control of a self-propelled flexible swimmer in front of a
cylinder utilizing proportional-derivative (PD) control is conducted. The amplitude of the
actuation force, which is applied to the swimmer to bend it to produce thrust, is dynamically
tuned by a feedback PD controller to instruct the swimmer to swim the desired distance from
an initial position to a target location and then hold the station there. Despite the same
swimming distance, a swimmer whose departure location is closer to the cylinder requires
less energy consumption to reach the target and hold the position there
Enhanced pre-clinical assessment of total knee replacement using computational modelling with experimental corroboration & probabilistic applications
Demand for Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery is high and rising; not just in numbers of procedures, but in the diversity of patient demographics and increase of expectations. Accordingly, greater efforts are being invested into the pre-clinical analysis of TKR designs, to improve their performance in-vivo. A wide range of experimental and computational methods are used to analyse TKR performance pre-clinically. However, direct validation of these methods and models is invariably limited by the restrictions and challenges of clinical assessment, and confounded by the high variability of results seen in-vivo.Consequently, the need exists to achieve greater synergy between different pre-clinical analysis methods. By demonstrating robust corroboration between in-silico and in-vitro testing, and both identifying & quantifying the key sources of uncertainty, greater confidence can be placed in these assessment tools. This thesis charts the development of a new generation of fast computational models for TKR test platforms, with closer collaboration with in-vitro test experts (and consequently more rigorous corroboration with experimental methods) than previously.Beginning with basic tibiofemoral simulations, the complexity of the models was progressively increased, to include in-silico wear prediction, patellofemoral & full lower limb models, rig controller-emulation, and accurate system dynamics. At each stage, the models were compared extensively with data from the literature and experimental tests results generated specifically for corroboration purposes.It is demonstrated that when used in conjunction with, and complementary to, the corresponding experimental work, these higher-integrity in-silico platforms can greatly enrich the range and quality of pre-clinical data available for decision-making in the design process, as well as understanding of the experimental platform dynamics. Further, these models are employed within a probabilistic framework to provide a statistically-quantified assessment of the input factors most influential to variability in the mechanical outcomes of TKR testing. This gives designers a much richer holistic visibility of the true system behaviour than extant 'deterministic' simulation approaches (both computational and experimental).By demonstrating the value of better corroboration and the benefit of stochastic approaches, the methods used here lay the groundwork for future advances in pre-clinical assessment of TKR. These fast, inexpensive models can complement existing approaches, and augment the information available for making better design decisions prior to clinical trials, accelerating the design process, and ultimately leading to improved TKR delivery in-vivo to meet future demands
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