195,796 research outputs found
Change-point detection in panel data via double CUSUM statistic
In this paper, we consider the problem of (multiple) change-point detection
in panel data. We propose the double CUSUM statistic which utilises the
cross-sectional change-point structure by examining the cumulative sums of
ordered CUSUMs at each point. The efficiency of the proposed change-point test
is studied, which is reflected on the rate at which the cross-sectional size of
a change is permitted to converge to zero while it is still detectable. Also,
the consistency of the proposed change-point detection procedure based on the
binary segmentation algorithm, is established in terms of both the total number
and locations (in time) of the estimated change-points. Motivated by the
representation properties of the Generalised Dynamic Factor Model, we propose a
bootstrap procedure for test criterion selection, which accounts for both
cross-sectional and within-series correlations in high-dimensional data. The
empirical performance of the double CUSUM statistics, equipped with the
proposed bootstrap scheme, is investigated in a comparative simulation study
with the state-of-the-art. As an application, we analyse the log returns of S&P
100 component stock prices over a period of one year
On Toroidal Horizons in Binary Black Hole Inspirals
We examine the structure of the event horizon for numerical simulations of
two black holes that begin in a quasicircular orbit, inspiral, and finally
merge. We find that the spatial cross section of the merged event horizon has
spherical topology (to the limit of our resolution), despite the expectation
that generic binary black hole mergers in the absence of symmetries should
result in an event horizon that briefly has a toroidal cross section. Using
insight gained from our numerical simulations, we investigate how the choice of
time slicing affects both the spatial cross section of the event horizon and
the locus of points at which generators of the event horizon cross. To ensure
the robustness of our conclusions, our results are checked at multiple
numerical resolutions. 3D visualization data for these resolutions are
available for public access online. We find that the structure of the horizon
generators in our simulations is consistent with expectations, and the lack of
toroidal horizons in our simulations is due to our choice of time slicing.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Numerical Simulations of Mass Transfer in Binaries with Bipolytropic Components
We present the first self-consistent, three dimensional study of hydrodynamic
simulations of mass transfer in binary systems with bipolytropic (composite
polytropic) components. In certain systems, such as contact binaries or during
the common envelope phase, the core-envelope structure of the stars plays an
important role in binary interactions. In this paper, we compare mass transfer
simulations of bipolytropic binary systems in order to test the suitability of
our numerical tools for investigating the dynamical behaviour of such systems.
The initial, equilibrium binary models possess a core-envelope structure and
are obtained using the bipolytropic self-consistent field technique. We conduct
mass transfer simulations using two independent, fully three-dimensional,
Eulerian codes - Flow-ER and Octo-tiger. These hydrodynamic codes are compared
across binary systems undergoing unstable as well as stable mass transfer, and
the former at two resolutions. The initial conditions for each simulation and
for each code are chosen to match closely so that the simulations can be used
as benchmarks. Although there are some key differences, the detailed comparison
of the simulations suggests that there is remarkable agreement between the
results obtained using the two codes. This study puts our numerical tools on a
secure footing, and enables us to reliably simulate specific mass transfer
scenarios of binary systems involving components with a core-envelope
structure
Geant4 hadronic physics status and validation for large HEP detectors
Optimal exploitation of hadronic final states played a key role in successes
of all recent collider experiment in HEP, and the ability to use hadronic final
states will continue to be one of the decisive issues during the analysis phase
of the LHC experiments.
Monte Carlo techniques facilitate the use of hadronic final states, and have
been developed for many years. We will give a brief overview of the physics
underlying hadronic shower simulation, discussing the three basic types of
modeling; data driven, parametrization driven, and theory driven modeling at
the example of Geant4. We will confront these different types of modeling with
the stringent requirements posed by the LHC experiments on hadronic shower
simulation, and report on the current status of the validation effort for large
HEP applications. We will address robustness, and CPU and physics performance
evaluations.Comment: Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, La Jolla, California,
March 24-28, 2003 1 tar fil
Active Sampling-based Binary Verification of Dynamical Systems
Nonlinear, adaptive, or otherwise complex control techniques are increasingly
relied upon to ensure the safety of systems operating in uncertain
environments. However, the nonlinearity of the resulting closed-loop system
complicates verification that the system does in fact satisfy those
requirements at all possible operating conditions. While analytical proof-based
techniques and finite abstractions can be used to provably verify the
closed-loop system's response at different operating conditions, they often
produce conservative approximations due to restrictive assumptions and are
difficult to construct in many applications. In contrast, popular statistical
verification techniques relax the restrictions and instead rely upon
simulations to construct statistical or probabilistic guarantees. This work
presents a data-driven statistical verification procedure that instead
constructs statistical learning models from simulated training data to separate
the set of possible perturbations into "safe" and "unsafe" subsets. Binary
evaluations of closed-loop system requirement satisfaction at various
realizations of the uncertainties are obtained through temporal logic
robustness metrics, which are then used to construct predictive models of
requirement satisfaction over the full set of possible uncertainties. As the
accuracy of these predictive statistical models is inherently coupled to the
quality of the training data, an active learning algorithm selects additional
sample points in order to maximize the expected change in the data-driven model
and thus, indirectly, minimize the prediction error. Various case studies
demonstrate the closed-loop verification procedure and highlight improvements
in prediction error over both existing analytical and statistical verification
techniques.Comment: 23 page
Sensor-based automated path guidance of a robot tool
The objective of the research is to develop a robot capability for a simultaneous measurement of the orientation (surface normal) and position of a 3-dimensional unknown object for a precise tool path guidance and control. The proposed system can guide the robot manipulator while maintaining specific orientation between the robot end-effector and the workpiece and also generate a measured geometric CAD database; The first phase involves the computer graphics simulation of an automated guidance and control of a robot tool using the proposed scheme. In the simulation, an object of known geometry is used for camera image data generation and subsequently determining the position and orientation of surface points based only on the simulated camera image information. Based on this surface geometry measurement technique, robot tool guidance and path planning algorithm is developed; The second phase involves the laboratory experiment. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed measurement method, the result of CCD image processing (grey to binary image conversion, thinning of binary image, detection of cross point, etc) and the calibration of the cameras/lighting source are performed. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
A unified view on weakly correlated recurrent networks
The diversity of neuron models used in contemporary theoretical neuroscience
to investigate specific properties of covariances raises the question how these
models relate to each other. In particular it is hard to distinguish between
generic properties and peculiarities due to the abstracted model. Here we
present a unified view on pairwise covariances in recurrent networks in the
irregular regime. We consider the binary neuron model, the leaky
integrate-and-fire model, and the Hawkes process. We show that linear
approximation maps each of these models to either of two classes of linear rate
models, including the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process as a special case. The classes
differ in the location of additive noise in the rate dynamics, which is on the
output side for spiking models and on the input side for the binary model. Both
classes allow closed form solutions for the covariance. For output noise it
separates into an echo term and a term due to correlated input. The unified
framework enables us to transfer results between models. For example, we
generalize the binary model and the Hawkes process to the presence of
conduction delays and simplify derivations for established results. Our
approach is applicable to general network structures and suitable for
population averages. The derived averages are exact for fixed out-degree
network architectures and approximate for fixed in-degree. We demonstrate how
taking into account fluctuations in the linearization procedure increases the
accuracy of the effective theory and we explain the class dependent differences
between covariances in the time and the frequency domain. Finally we show that
the oscillatory instability emerging in networks of integrate-and-fire models
with delayed inhibitory feedback is a model-invariant feature: the same
structure of poles in the complex frequency plane determines the population
power spectra
Simulation of neutron production in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions in Geant4
Studying experimental data obtained at ITEP [1] on neutron production in
interactions of protons with various nuclei in the energy range from 747 MeV up
to 8.1 GeV, we have found that slow neutron spectra have scaling and asymptotic
properties [2]. The spectra weakly depend on the collision energy at momenta of
projectile protons larger than 5 - 6 GeV/c. These properties are taken into
account in the Geant4 Fritiof (FTF) model. The improved FTF model describes as
well as the Geant4 Bertini model the experimental data on neutron production by
1.2 GeV and 1.6 GeV protons on targets (Fe, Pb) [3] and by 3.0 GeV protons on
various targets (Al, Fe, Pb) [4]. For neutron production in antiproton-nucleus
interactions, it was demonstrated that the FTF results are in a satisfactory
agreement with experimental data of the LEAR collaboration [5]. The FTF model
gives promising results for neutron production in nucleus - nucleus
interactions at projectile energy 1 - 2 GeV per nucleon [6]. The observed
properties allow one to predict neutron yields in the nucleus-nucleus
interactions at high and very high energies. Predictions for the NICA/MPD
experiment at JINR are presented.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Contribution to Proceedings of Baldin ISHEPP XXI
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