2 research outputs found

    La littérature à l’ère photographique : mutations, novations, enjeux : de l’argentique au numérique

    Get PDF
    Travail réalisé en cotutelle avec l'Université Rennes 2 (France)Désormais, nous sommes tous photographes. Nos téléphones intelligents nous permettent de capter, de modifier et de partager nos clichés sur les réseaux en moins d’une minute, tant et si bien que l’image photographique est devenue une nouvelle forme de langage. Réciproquement, serions-nous également tous écrivains ? Il existe en effet une véritable légitimité historique à penser que la notion d'écrivain, comme celle de photographe, s'étend le long d'un paradigme allant de la « simple » possession d'une aptitude technique jusqu'à la gloire des plus fortes figures de la vie culturelle collective. Cette thèse vise à déterminer comment se constitue une nouvelle mythologie de l’image photographique à l’ère du numérique, comprenant aussi bien la réévaluation du médium argentique vieillissant que l’intégration d’un imaginaire propre à ces technologies dont nous n’avons pas encore achevé de mesurer l’impact culturel sur nos sociétés. À cet égard, la perspective littéraire est riche d’enseignements en termes culturels, esthétiques ou même ontologiques, puisque la littérature, en sa qualité de relais du fait photographique depuis près de deux siècles, a pleinement participé à son invention : c’est là du moins l’hypothèse de la photolittérature. En cette période de transition technologique majeure, il nous revient de cerner les nouvelles inventions littéraires de la photographie, pour comprendre aussi bien les enjeux contemporains du fait photographique que ceux de la littérature.Nowadays, we are all photographers. Our smart phones allow us to take, edit and share our snapshots on social media in less than a minute, to the extent that the photographic image has become a new form of language. Reciprocally, have we all become writers as well? There truly is historical legitimacy in seeing the notion of the writer, like that of the photographer, as spanning a paradigmal spectrum, running from “simple” possession of technical aptitude, to the glory of the loftiest figures in our collective cultural life. This thesis aims to determine how the new mythology around the photographic image takes shape in the digital age, while also re-evaluating the aging medium of film, as well as integrating a newly imagined sphere of ideas surrounding these new technologies, for which we have yet to measure the cultural impact on our societies. In this respect, a literary perspective is rich in cultural and even ontological lessons, since literature has interacted with photography for nearly two centuries, and thus contributed to its invention : this is at least the central hypothesis of photoliterature. In this period of major technological transition, we must therefore identify photography’s new literary inventions, so that we can better understand the contemporary issues surrounding both the worlds of photography and literature

    Securing the revolutionary state : the development of French counter-espionage, 1791-1794

    Get PDF
    The history of counter-espionage during the early years of the French Revolution has been curiously overlooked by scholars and non-fiction writers alike. Until now, no single study has appeared, or indeed been published, charting the course of its development during the period in discussion. This thesis aims to fill this lacuna, not by offering an episodic account of its activities but by examining the precepts, perceptions and procedures that determined its conduct as it relates to la sûreté de l’état. Its objective, in other words, is to demonstrate how the pursuit and punishment of spies is not a simple cloak and dagger tale of hidden plots and secret agents but a fundamental question of national security. As this thesis will explain, the role that counter-espionage played is actually of central importance to our understanding of how the revolutionaries defended and securitized their embryonic state at a crucial juncture in its existence. Without the existence of a single state organ responsible for overseeing its operations, or a clandestine agency that conducted secret missions on the ground, this thesis will show that the measures to neutralize threats of espionage were not taken in isolation but formed part of a broader process that is otherwise known as securitization. In other words, it will attempt to demonstrate that, for all the overblown discourse of foreign plots and political conspiracies, counter-espionage played a significant role in not just attempting to neutralize the enemy within but also, in military and counter-insurgency operations. With several state and government institutions involved in its operations, from paramilitary organizations such as the gendarmerie and national guard to militant structures such as the comités de surveillance, it should be possible to reveal how counter-espionage played an overarching role in thwarting all threats that compromised the security of the revolutionary state
    corecore