The Correlation of Digital Literation and STEM Integration to Improve Indonesian Students’ Skills in 21st Century

Dynamic human development in the 21st Century demands students to make innovations in the world of education. Students are required to have 21st-century skills, namely creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. In contrast, teachers are required to have skills that must be mastered. The six capabilities are mastery of knowledge/content, mastery of 21st-century pedagogy, the ability of expertise in the development and achievement of students and give support, mastery of learning psychology skills; having counseling skills; and competence in using information technology and media. This article aims to discuss issues related to how to improve the ability of teachers and students to master 21st-century skills? Also, what extent is the role of digital literacy and STEM integration in improving 21st-century skills? This article using literature literacy methods sourced from international and national journals, books, and other relevant sources. Based on the study, it concluded that digital competence is not an absolute determinant of the development of 21st-century skills in students. Digital ability is a supporting factor for mastering 21st-century skills that should have been introduced and taught through schools. STEM learning with multidisciplinary mastery of science needs to be optimized in schools in Indonesia so that the expected learning objectives are in line with the demands of the 21st-century

Factors influence the development of information system strategies in Finnish smart cities

This study is initiated by the global phenomena of growth of smart cities based on urbanization and the accompanying prediction for digital changes in cities, demographic of the population and in information system strategies related to future cities. The aim of the study is to study the phenomena trough the achievements of the Innovatiiviset kaupungit (INKA) and Kuutoskaupungit (6AIKA) projects previously implemented in Finland to increase and evaluate the understanding of the strategic factors that influences the development of information systems of Finnish smart cities. The research will focus on exploring the issue through stakeholders that are influencing smart city planning. A similar development of urbanization is predicted to follow Finland as well, it is estimated that by 2040, most of the Finnish population 90% will live in urban agglomerations. At the same time the digitalization in the world will continue, urbanization, ecological and public sustainability gaps will require more attention in the future as well as reorganization. In this thesis we study the factors that influence the planning of information systems strategies for Finnish smart cities. Planning that guides the work of different actors in the future, how to support citizens that live in cities more involved in development and what methods are used to manage the knowledge of a smart city. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that effect in the information system strategies of a smart city. Information systems pretend to be designed to meet strategic objectives. Who are involved in the planning and what is their role? In this thesis, we start the examination from the phenomena of smart city development in Finland. The study has been carried out as a traditional literature review, supplemented by a qualitative and an interpretative case study and interviewing 6AIKA city representatives, system suppliers and technology experts. A comparison of INKA and 6AIKA projects which were previously project for Finnish cities, has been used as ground source of data. Literature research has been complemented by researching international smart city studies and information system strategies. Information systems being formal socio-technical organizational systems for collecting, processing, storing, and sharing information, have a role in organize the actions, from a socio-technical perspective, information systems consist of tasks, people, structure, and technology. Information system scanning is defined as the integration of components for the collection, storage and processing of data, the data of which is used to generate data, add data, and use digital products that facilitate decision-making. The research has brought following implications: cities operate primarily in the role of enabler and not directly produce the necessary information systems themselves, instead outsource the production to selected partners of their choice, often to solve single use cases rather than resolve larger systems. The internal autonomy of the city departments tends to decentralize information systems more than combine them, one single design model was not found to be in use, instead several information systems were found in use. Another founding is the lower-than3expected level of participation of urban residents in the co-creation of services for them. The fourth argument is the disconnection of different expert areas, even though the strategic objective is to achieve the same outcome that is stated in the city strategy. KEYWORDS: Smart cities, information systems, strategies, stakeholders, urbanizationTämän tutkimuksen alullepanija on maailmanlaajuinen kaupungistumisen kasvu ja sen mukana tuomat tietoyhteiskunnan muutostarpeet. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tutkia Suomessa aikaisemmin toteutettujen Innovatiiviset kaupungit INKA ja Kuutoskaupungit 6AIKA projektien saavutuksia ja lisätä ymmärrystä niistä yksittäisistä strategisista tekijöistä, jotka vaikuttavat Suomalaisten älykaupunkien tietojärjestelmien kehittämiseen. Tutkimuksessa keskitytään tutkimaan asiaa älykaupunkien tietojärjestelmien suunnitteluun vaikuttavien sidosryhmien kautta. Kaupungistumisen ennustetaan kehittyvän myös Suomessa. On ennustettu, että vuonna 2040 suurin osa 90 % Suomalisista tulee asumaan kaupunkimaisissa taajamissa, samaan aikaan maailman digitalisaatio kehitys jatkuu ja samalla sekä kaupungistuminen, ekologinen että julkinen kestävyysvaje nähdään vaativan enemmän huomiota ja osittain uudelleen järjestämistä. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan niitä tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat Suomalaisten älykkäiden kaupunkien tietojärjestelmien strategioiden suunnitteluun. Suunnitteluun, jolla ohjataan eri sidosryhmien työtä tulevaisuudessa. Miten kaupungeissa asuvat kansalaiset saadaan kiinteämmin osallistumaan kehitykseen ja millaisilla tekijöillä älykkään kaupungin tietoa hallitaan. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoite on tuoda esiin niitä lähtökohtia, joista tulevaisuuden älykaupunkien tietojärjestelmät voidaan suunnitella vastaamaan strategisia tavoitteita, ketkä suunnitteluun osallistuvat ja millaisissa rooleissa. Tässä opinnäytetyössä tutkimme asiaa Suomessa yleisesti käynnissä olevan älykaupunki kehityksen kautta. Tutkimus on toteutettu perinteisenä kirjallisuustutkimuksena, jota on täydennetty kvalitatiivisella haastattelututkimuksella tapaustutkimukseksi, haastattelemalla 6AIKA kaupungin edustajia, järjestelmätoimittajia ja teknologia asiantuntijoita. Lähdeaineistona on käytetty Suomalaisista kaupungeissa aikaisemmin toteutetuista INKA ja 6AIKA hankkeista julkaistuja raportteja. Kirjallisuustutkimusta on täydennetty ajankohtaisilla kansainvälisillä älykaupunkitutkimuksilla. Tietojärjestelmät ovat muodollisia Sosioteknisiä organisaatiojärjestelmiä tiedon keräämiseksi, käsittelemiseksi, tallentamiseksi ja jakamiseksi. Sosio-teknisestä näkökulmasta tietojärjestelmät koostuvat tehtävistä, ihmisistä, rakenteesta ja tekniikasta. Tietojärjestelmäskannaus määritellään tietojen keräämiseen, tallentamiseen ja käsittelyyn tarkoitettujen komponenttien integraatioksi, jonka tietoja käytetään tiedon tuottamiseen, tiedon lisäämiseen sekä päätöksentekoa helpottavien digitaalisien tuotteiden käyttämisellä. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin seuraavia keskeisiä vaikuttimia, 1) kaupungit ovat ensisijaisesti tilaajan roolissa ja eivät itse suoraan tai harvoin toteuta tarvittavia tietojärjestelmiä. Vaan toimeksi antavat ne valitsemilleen kumppaneille, usein ratkaisemaan ensisijaisesti 5 yhtä käyttötapausta. 2) Samaan aikaan kaupungin sisäinen hallinnon autonomia eri osastojen välillä hajauttaa tietojärjestelmien suunnittelua enemmän kuin yhdistää niitä, myöskään yhtä standardisoitua suunnittelumallia ei havaittu olevan tutkimuksen aikana käytössä, sen sijaan havaittiin useassa tapauksessa käytössä olevan useita suunnittelu malleja ja tietojärjestelmiä. 3) Havaintona on myös kaupunkilaisten oletettua matalampi osallistumistaso heitä koskevien palveluiden suunnitteluun. 4) Havainto on eri asiantuntija alueiden toisiinsa kytkeytyminen tai irrallisuus huolimatta siitä, että tavoitteena on palvella samaa strategista lopputavoitetta. Näistä syistä tutkimuksessa keskitytään strategisiin syihin, jotka vaikuttavat tietojärjestelmien suunnitteluun. AVAINSANAT: Älykkäät kaupungit, strategia, sidosryhmät, tietojärjestelmät, kaupunkikehity

Discrete Automation - Eyes of the City

Observing people’s presence in physical space and deciphering their behaviors have always been critical actions to designers, planners and anyone else who has an interest in exploring how cities work. It was 1961 when Jane Jacobs, in her seminal book “The Death and Life of Great American Cities”, coined a famous expression to convey this idea. According to Jacobs, “the natural proprietors” of a certain part of the metropolis – the people who live, work or spend a substantial amount of time there – become the “eyes on the street.” Their collective, distributed, decentralized gaze becomes the prerequisite to establishing “a marvelous order for maintaining the safety of the streets and the freedom of the city.” Almost half a century later, we find ourselves at the inception of a new chapter in the relationship between the city and digital technologies, which calls for a reexamination of the old “eyes on the street” idea. In the next few years, thanks to the most recent advances in Artificial Intelligence, deep learning and imaging, we are about to reach an unprecedented scenario, the most radical development in the evolution of the Internet-of-Things: architectural space is acquiring the full ability to “see.” Imagine that any room, street or shop in our city can recognize you, and autonomously respond to your presence. With Jacobs’s “eyes on the street,” it was people who looked at other people or the city and interpreted its mechanisms. In this new scenario, buildings and streets similarly acquire the ability to observe and react as urban life unfolds in front of them. After the “eyes on the street,” we are now entering the era of the “Eyes of the City.” What happens, then, to people and the urban landscape when the sensor-imbued city is able to gaze back? What we are currently facing is an “utopia or oblivion” crossroads, to say it with the words of one of the most notable thinkers of the past century, Richard Buckminster Fuller. We believe that one of the fundamental duties of architects and designers today is to grapple with this momentous shift, and engage people in the process. “Eyes of the City” aims to experiment with these emerging scenarios to better comprehend them, deconstructing the potential uses of new technologies in order to make them accessible to everyone and inspire people to form an opinion. Using critical design as a tool, the exhibition seeks to create experiences that will encourage people to get involved in defining the ways in which new technologies will shape their cities in years to come. For this reason, it recognizes in Shenzhen’s Futian high-speed railway station its natural home – a place where to reach a broad, diverse audience of intentional visitors and accidental passersby, and a space where, just like in most other liminal transportation hubs, the impact of an “Eyes of the City” scenario is likely going to be felt the most

Data and the city – accessibility and openness. a cybersalon paper on open data

This paper showcases examples of bottom–up open data and smart city applications and identifies lessons for future such efforts. Examples include Changify, a neighbourhood-based platform for residents, businesses, and companies; Open Sensors, which provides APIs to help businesses, startups, and individuals develop applications for the Internet of Things; and Cybersalon’s Hackney Treasures. a location-based mobile app that uses Wikipedia entries geolocated in Hackney borough to map notable local residents. Other experiments with sensors and open data by Cybersalon members include Ilze Black and Nanda Khaorapapong's The Breather, a "breathing" balloon that uses high-end, sophisticated sensors to make air quality visible; and James Moulding's AirPublic, which measures pollution levels. Based on Cybersalon's experience to date, getting data to the people is difficult, circuitous, and slow, requiring an intricate process of leadership, public relations, and perseverance. Although there are myriad tools and initiatives, there is no one solution for the actual transfer of that data

Media architecture: Facilitating the co-creation of place

This thesis questions how media architecture can facilitate the co-creation of place. Employing a research through design methodology three hybrid (tangible and digital) design interventions were deployed in Southeast Queensland. The concept of do-it-yourself/do-it-with-others (DIY/DIWO) media architecture is proposed and implemented through the InstaBooth, a situated community engagement pop-up booth. The findings indicate that through the ability to co-create media content in the InstaBooth, participants were able to find their voice and reached a better understanding of community, informing strengthening their sense of place. This thesis contributes new knowledge towards hybrid approaches to city making expanding the definition of media architecture

Urbanization, Water Quality, and the Regulated Landscape

Watershed scientists frequently describe urbanization as a primary cause of water quality degradation, and recent studies conclude that even in lightly-developed watersheds, urbanization often precludes attainment of water quality standards. This article considers legal responses to this pervasive problem. It explains why traditional legal measures have been ineffective, and it evaluates several recent innovations piloted in the northeastern United States and potentially applicable across the nation. Specifically, the innovations involve using impervious cover TMDLs, residual designation authority, and collective permitting. More generally, the innovations involve transferring regulatory focus from end-of-the-pipe to landscape-based controls. I conclude that the innovations, while raising some new problems, represent a promising shift, and it discuss additional reforms and research needed to better reconcile legal water quality standards and traditional land development patterns

Evaluating and Managing the Energy Transition Towards Truly Sustainable University Campuses

This thesis is about the current role of university campuses to contribute to a fair and sustainable transition towards a low-carbon society. The fundamental argument is that there is a serious gap between the aspiration of higher education institutions in relation to sustainability and the current reality. Whilst formally moving towards sustainability within their curricula and resources management, universities are still immersed in all the complexity, the uncertainty, the scarcity of resources and the leading green-washing paradigm of the cities they are in. This thesis uses the Politecnico di Torino as the main case study, compared with universities in Italy, the UK, Japan, and Mexico, to answer the following questions: (1) What are universities doing in their sustainability efforts that has the potential to be measurable and transferable? And (2) How can we evaluate if universities are truly sustainable? This thesis treats university campuses as small cities nested in bigger cities; heterotopies expressing otherness and maintaining reciprocal relationships within the context. It is proposed that the immediate impacts deriving from educating and practising a wiser use of waste, water, energy and the built environment in universities help to create long term effects toward resilient, fair, and environmentally aware communities. Comparable clusters of universities, bottom-up management schemes and transferrable lessons for the wider urban and global practices are presented and discussed across the different case studies. To facilitate the dialogue between the economic, the social and the environmental fields of action, embedded within university’s sustainability metrics and the attempts to operationalise urban resilience determinants in the campus management, this thesis helps in tailoring appropriate assessment methodologies and operative strategies towards truly sustainable university campuses