On the Origins of Some English Idioms and the Adequacy of Their Definitions in the Georgian Dictionaries (II Part)

The aim of this article is to fill the informative gap and to overcome those difficulties which arise in case of not having the adequate interpetation or exact definition of the English idioms in the Georgian dictionaries.This paper investigates some idiomatic expressions and observes how often they are used in the modern English publicist texts from “The Guardian”, “Fortune”, “The Scotsman”, “The Independent” etc. whether they have preserved their original meanings or obtained some other new senses and coloring. More than this, the goal is to research if there is an adequate translation or interpretation of those English idioms in the Georgian language bilingual dictionaries. If there is not any, then the objective is how to make their adequate Georgian equivalents and, as a result to compose a new mini-dictionary of idioms. The urgent need for etymological study of idioms is also stimulated by the fact that the phraseology condensates the complex interaction of the culture and psychology of people, national self-being and their unique metaphoric mentality The reaserch value is dectated by its outcome, namely, it will be the research not only of those idioms which have the adequate definitions in the Georgian dictionaries, but find out some cases of not having the right definition and in result to compile the mini be-lingual dictionary of idioms. It can be assumed, that it will make a siginificant contribution to the development of lexicography in Georgia

An analysis of The Oxford Guide to practical lexicography (Atkins and Rundell 2008)

Since at least a decade ago, the lexicographic community at large has been demanding that a modern textbook be designed - one that Would place corpora in the centre of the lexicographic enterprise. Written by two of the most respected practising lexicographers, this book has finally arrived, and delivers on very many levels. This review article presents a critical analysis of its features

Using Global Constraints and Reranking to Improve Cognates Detection

Global constraints and reranking have not been used in cognates detection research to date. We propose methods for using global constraints by performing rescoring of the score matrices produced by state of the art cognates detection systems. Using global constraints to perform rescoring is complementary to state of the art methods for performing cognates detection and results in significant performance improvements beyond current state of the art performance on publicly available datasets with different language pairs and various conditions such as different levels of baseline state of the art performance and different data size conditions, including with more realistic large data size conditions than have been evaluated with in the past.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables; published in the Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 1983-1992, Vancouver, Canada, July 201

Lexicographical Resources in A Multilingual Environment: An Orientation

This article considers dictionaries as lexical infonnation / knowledge sources to be derived from a deeper, underlying, lexical database. These dictionary-tokens or -instantiations are inter alia specified by the users' needs. As a case in point of such a derivation meeting the needs of a multilingual society, a bidirectional bilingualleamer dictionary is presented. Specific tools, such as editors with reversal function, and models, such as the hub-and-spoke model, are discussed as means to function within the lexicographical infrastructure of a multilingual society

Enhancing the Erzya-Moksha dictionary automatically with link prediction

We present a new approach to inducing a bilingual dictionary between the endangered Erzya and Moksha languages automatically based on existing dictionaries in other languages. This work is, for the most part, complementary to the Mordvin research done by PhD László Keresztes, who has demonstrated the alignment of the two language forms in morphology, lexicon and syntax (1990), and then gone on to contemplate syncretisms of the individual languages (1999). In this paper, we present an automatic data-driven method for deriving new lexicographic links between Erzya and Moksha vocabularies. We strive to describe steps in Mordvin studies involving semantic alignment of the Erzya and Moksha lexicon. We briefly remind ourselves of previous dictionary and vocabulary work with the Mordvin languages, dating back to the 17th century. The semantic alignment of this lexicon is important in measuring linguistic distance between the closely related but distinct literary languages of Erzya and Moksha. This alignment fits into a larger scheme including etymological, morphological and syntactic alignment of the two languages.Peer reviewe

A Bilingual Thesaurus of Everyday Life in Medieval England: Some Issues at the Interface of Semantics and Lexicography

This paper reports on issues at the interface between semantics and lexicography that arose out of the data collection and classification of vocabulary in Anglo-Norman and Middle English in order to create a bilingual thesaurus of everyday life in medieval England. The Bilingual Thesaurus project is based at Birmingham City University and the University of Westminster. Issues to be resolved included the definition of an occupational domain; the creation of a methodology of data collection; the delimitation of domain-specific vocabulary; making distinctions between sense and usage; and the categorisation of the lexical items. Some of these issues are general to thesaurus-making, some are specific to the making of historical thesauruses, while some are unique to the production of a thesaurus of two languages whose use overlapped for several centuries in the late medieval period in England