1,812 research outputs found
Coupling limit order books and branching random walks
We consider a model for a one-sided limit order book proposed by Lakner et
al. We show that it can be coupled with a branching random walk and use this
coupling to answer a non-trivial question about the long-term behavior of the
price. The coupling relies on a classical idea of enriching the state-space by
artificially creating a filiation, in this context between orders of the book,
that we believe has the potential of being useful for a broader class of
models.Comment: Minor error in the proof of Theorem 1 corrected. Final version
accepted for publication to Journal of Applied Probabilit
Scaling limit of a limit order book model via the regenerative characterization of L\'evy trees
We consider the following Markovian dynamic on point processes: at constant
rate and with equal probability, either the rightmost atom of the current
configuration is removed, or a new atom is added at a random distance from the
rightmost atom. Interpreting atoms as limit buy orders, this process was
introduced by Lakner et al. to model a one-sided limit order book. We consider
this model in the regime where the total number of orders converges to a
reflected Brownian motion, and complement the results of Lakner et al. by
showing that, in the case where the mean displacement at which a new order is
added is positive, the measure-valued process describing the whole limit order
book converges to a simple functional of this reflected Brownian motion. Our
results make it possible to derive useful and explicit approximations on
various quantities of interest such as the depth or the total value of the
book. Our approach leverages an unexpected connection with L\'evy trees. More
precisely, the cornerstone of our approach is the regenerative characterization
of L\'evy trees due to Weill, which provides an elegant proof strategy which we
unfold.Comment: Accepted for publication in stochastic system
Some harmonic functions for killed Markov branching processes with immigration and culling
For a continuous-time Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson process, , with immigration
and culling, as an absorbing state, call the process that results
from killing at rate , followed by stopping it on
extinction or explosion. Then an explicit identification of the relevant
harmonic functions of allows to determine the Laplace transforms (at
argument ) of the first passage times downwards and of the explosion time
for . Strictly speaking, this is accomplished only when the killing rate
is sufficiently large (but always when the branching mechanism is not
supercritical or if there is no culling). In particular, taking the limit
(whenever possible) yields the passage downwards and explosion
probabilities for . A number of other consequences of these results are
presented
A particle system with cooperative branching and coalescence
In this paper, we introduce a one-dimensional model of particles performing
independent random walks, where only pairs of particles can produce offspring
("cooperative branching"), and particles that land on an occupied site merge
with the particle present on that site ("coalescence"). We show that the system
undergoes a phase transition as the branching rate is increased. For small
branching rates, the upper invariant law is trivial, and the process started
with finitely many particles a.s. ends up with a single particle. Both
statements are not true for high branching rates. An interesting feature of the
process is that the spectral gap is zero even for low branching rates. Indeed,
if the branching rate is small enough, then we show that for the process
started in the fully occupied state, the particle density decays as one over
the square root of time, and the same is true for the decay of the probability
that the process still has more than one particle at a later time if it started
with two particles.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AAP1032 in the Annals of
Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Strong disorder RG approach of random systems
There is a large variety of quantum and classical systems in which the
quenched disorder plays a dominant r\^ole over quantum, thermal, or stochastic
fluctuations : these systems display strong spatial heterogeneities, and many
averaged observables are actually governed by rare regions. A unifying approach
to treat the dynamical and/or static singularities of these systems has emerged
recently, following the pioneering RG idea by Ma and Dasgupta and the detailed
analysis by Fisher who showed that the Ma-Dasgupta RG rules yield asymptotic
exact results if the broadness of the disorder grows indefinitely at large
scales. Here we report these new developments by starting with an introduction
of the main ingredients of the strong disorder RG method. We describe the basic
properties of infinite disorder fixed points, which are realized at critical
points, and of strong disorder fixed points, which control the singular
behaviors in the Griffiths-phases. We then review in detail applications of the
RG method to various disordered models, either (i) quantum models, such as
random spin chains, ladders and higher dimensional spin systems, or (ii)
classical models, such as diffusion in a random potential, equilibrium at low
temperature and coarsening dynamics of classical random spin chains, trap
models, delocalization transition of a random polymer from an interface, driven
lattice gases and reaction diffusion models in the presence of quenched
disorder. For several one-dimensional systems, the Ma-Dasgupta RG rules yields
very detailed analytical results, whereas for other, mainly higher dimensional
problems, the RG rules have to be implemented numerically. If available, the
strong disorder RG results are compared with another, exact or numerical
calculations.Comment: review article, 195 pages, 36 figures; final version to be published
in Physics Report
Critical phenomena in complex networks
The combination of the compactness of networks, featuring small diameters,
and their complex architectures results in a variety of critical effects
dramatically different from those in cooperative systems on lattices. In the
last few years, researchers have made important steps toward understanding the
qualitatively new critical phenomena in complex networks. We review the
results, concepts, and methods of this rapidly developing field. Here we mostly
consider two closely related classes of these critical phenomena, namely
structural phase transitions in the network architectures and transitions in
cooperative models on networks as substrates. We also discuss systems where a
network and interacting agents on it influence each other. We overview a wide
range of critical phenomena in equilibrium and growing networks including the
birth of the giant connected component, percolation, k-core percolation,
phenomena near epidemic thresholds, condensation transitions, critical
phenomena in spin models placed on networks, synchronization, and
self-organized criticality effects in interacting systems on networks. We also
discuss strong finite size effects in these systems and highlight open problems
and perspectives.Comment: Review article, 79 pages, 43 figures, 1 table, 508 references,
extende
Fractals in the Nervous System: conceptual Implications for Theoretical Neuroscience
This essay is presented with two principal objectives in mind: first, to
document the prevalence of fractals at all levels of the nervous system, giving
credence to the notion of their functional relevance; and second, to draw
attention to the as yet still unresolved issues of the detailed relationships
among power law scaling, self-similarity, and self-organized criticality. As
regards criticality, I will document that it has become a pivotal reference
point in Neurodynamics. Furthermore, I will emphasize the not yet fully
appreciated significance of allometric control processes. For dynamic fractals,
I will assemble reasons for attributing to them the capacity to adapt task
execution to contextual changes across a range of scales. The final Section
consists of general reflections on the implications of the reviewed data, and
identifies what appear to be issues of fundamental importance for future
research in the rapidly evolving topic of this review
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