Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks”. These works expose the readership to the latest solutions and techniques for MANETs and VANETs. They cover interesting topics such as power-aware optimization solutions for MANETs, data dissemination in VANETs, adaptive multi-hop broadcast schemes for VANETs, multi-metric routing protocols for VANETs, and incentive mechanisms to encourage the distribution of information in VANETs. The book demonstrates pioneering work in these fields, investigates novel solutions and methods, and discusses future trends in these field

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: vehicular ad-hoc networks, security and caching, TCP in ad-hoc networks and emerging applications. It is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks

AN ADAPTIVE INFORMATION DISSEMINATION MODEL FOR VANET COMMUNICATION

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been envisioned to be useful in road safety and many commercial applications. The growing trend to provide communication among the vehicles on the road has provided the opportunities for developing a variety of applications for VANET. The unique characteristics of VANET bring about new research challenges

Energy efficient geographic routing for wireless sensor networks.

A wireless sensor network consists of a large number of low-power nodes equipped with wireless radio. For two nodes not in mutual transmission range, message exchanges need to be relayed through a series of intermediate nodes, which is a process known as multi-hop routing. The design of efficient routing protocols for dynamic network topologies is a crucial for scalable sensor networks. Geographic routing is a recently developed technique that uses locally available position information of nodes to make packet forwarding decisions. This dissertation develops a framework for energy efficient geographic routing. This framework includes a path pruning strategy by exploiting the channel listening capability, an anchor-based routing protocol using anchors to act as relay nodes between source and destination, a geographic multicast algorithm clustering destinations that can share the same next hop, and a lifetime-aware routing algorithm to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by considering four important factors: PRR (Packet Reception Rate), forwarding history, progress and remaining energy. This dissertation discusses the system design, theoretic analysis, simulation and testbed implementation involved in the aforementioned framework. It is shown that the proposed design significantly improves the routing efficiency in sensor networks over existing geographic routing protocols. The routing methods developed in this dissertation are also applicable to other location-based wireless networks

Suitability of distributed mobile wireless networking for urban traffic congestion mitigation

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-103).A suitability study is performed into the use of distributed mobile wireless networking for the purposes of urban traffic congestion mitigation. The technologies of global positioning system (GPS), wireless networking, and mobile ad-hoc networking (MANET) protocols are surveyed for potential usability and applicability in a peer-to-peer highway vehicle network. Analysis of traffic statistics for the Boston, MA metropolitan area reveal the parameters required to build an initial network. The estimated parameters are a two percent level of penetration (50,000 vehicles), two Megabit per second usable data bandwidth, one half mile average transmission range, two hundred dollars cost per device, and fifteen million dollar total system cost for five years of operation. Using a hop-count routing algorithm, the network would support collection of area-wide vehicle positions for automated highway traffic sampling and fleet tracking on congested roadways. Following this first stage system are presented two more application scenarios according to increasing levels of penetration and increased reliability of the network. The medium-term application is the provision of mobile Internet access to allow consumer and business services. The long-term application is the ability to perform automated transactions. Envisioned in this long-term scenario is the ability to do area-wide road pricing to reduce congestion levels and influence land-use decisions. Technology options and design choices for privacy protection are discussed including voluntary participation, incentivized participation, blackout zones, aggregation of data, non-identifiable data, and anonymous routing protocols. Centralized toll tables and transactions are shown to reduce privacy but increase convenience as opposed to distributed toll tables and in-vehicle transactions. Institutional implementation through Federal ITS funding of a State-run public-private partnership is suggested to maximize mutual benefit. Given these options for handling the issues, the staging presented, and the flexibility, coverage, and application benefits of the system, the conclusion is that such a network would be suitable for mitigation of urban traffic congestion.by Shailesh Niranjan Humbad.M.C.P

Review: solutions to the problem of energy efficiency in wireless networks Manet and Wsn

Las redes inalámbricas MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork) y WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) tienen topologías dinámicas las cuales no tienen un punto de acceso centralizado. En este tipo de redes, la preocupación fundamental es el alto consumo de energía, el cual es consecuencia de autoconfigurarse continuamente para garantizar conectividad entre los diferentes dispositivos que pertenecen a la red. Como solución al problema energético se utilizan algoritmos y protocolos de enrutamiento que se encargan de establecer comunicación entre sus dispositivos equilibrando la carga. En este documento se exponen diferentes clases de soluciones al problema de eficiencia energética para redes MANET y WSN.Wireless networks MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) and WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) have dynamic topologies which do not have a centralized access point. In such networks, the main concern is the high energy consumption, which is a consequence of continually configure itself to ensure connectivity between different devices belonging to the network. As a solution to the energy problem algorithms and routing protocols that are responsible for establishing communication between load balancing devices are used. In this document, different kinds of solutions are exposed to the problem of energy efficiency for MANET and WSN networks

Cross-layer aided energy-efficient routing design for ad hoc networks

In this treatise, we first review some basic routing protocols conceived for ad hoc networks, followed by some design examples of cross-layer operation aided routing protocols. Specifically, cross-layer operation across the PHYsical layer (PHY), the Data Link layer (DL) and even the NETwork layer (NET) is exemplified for improving the energy efficiency of the entire system. Moreover, the philosophy of Opportunistic Routing (OR) is reviewed for the sake of further reducing the system's energy dissipation with the aid of optimized Power Allocation (PA). The system's end-to-end throughput is also considered in the context of a design example

Optimized acquisition of spatially distributed phenomena in public sensing systems

Nowadays, an increasing number of popular consumer electronics is shipped with a variety of sensors. The usage of these as a wireless sensing platform, where users are the key architectural component, and ubiquitous access to communication infrastructure has established a new application area called public sensing. We present an opportunistic public sensing system that allows for a flexible and efficient acquisition of sensor readings. This work considers the usage of smartphones as a sensor network in a model-driven sensor data acquisition. We focus on efficiency of query dissemination to mobile nodes, while retaining high effectiveness regarding defined sensing quality of collected data. We adopted and extended an existing geographic routing protocol to design an efficient com- munication system that executes model-driven data acquisition and is robust to changing sensors availability. We use in-network processing paradigm to efficiently distribute queries to mobile nodes and to collect results afterwards. The developed approach was simulated using OMNeT++ network simulator. To verify implemented algorithms and test the overall system performance, we run simulations in different scenarios and evaluate them using adequate cov- erage metrics. Moreover, we verify our intuitive extension to adopted routing protocol and show that it can have a strong impact on the efficiency of protocol in question

TriM: Tri-modal data communication in mobile ad-hoc network database systems.

The Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an emerging area of research in the network and database communities. A MANET is a group of self-organizing, autonomous clients and servers that form temporary networks. A MANET allows three methods of data communication. These are: data broadcast, data query and peer-to-peer communication. The primary research in this area has been in MANET routing. Node mobility, disconnection, battery power and limited bandwidth form the constraints for MANET data communication research.TriM was designed to accommodate disconnection and reconnection to the network through periodic synchronization. Data communication was designed to provide contention free data broadcast. Each part of the protocol was designed with minimum power consumption as a goal.Simulation showed TOM minimized the average power consumption of servers and clients while accommodating node disconnection. The research also demonstrates the transmission ranges needed to get acceptable performance in large regions where the number of servers is limited. Simulation was also used to compare TriM to Gruenwald's Leader Selection protocol. This comparison showed TriM operated at similar and lower average power consumption rates while providing a greater range of data communication methods. Analysis of TriM demonstrated the benchmark was capable of accurately predicting the simulation performance of TriM under a wide range of scenarios.The objective of this research is twofold. First, a MANET data communication protocol, TriM (for Tri-Modal Communication), capable of providing all three methods of data communication in a single network is designed. This is the first MANET protocol capable of providing all three methods of MANET data communication. Second, a benchmark capable of evaluating MANET data communication protocols is developed. This is the first benchmark developed for the MANET environment.The developed benchmark has three parts. These are a standard MANET architecture, data communication workload and evaluation criteria. This benchmark allows the evaluation and comparison of MANET data communication protocols and is used to evaluate TriM