10,094 research outputs found
Cost estimation of web applications through knowledge elicitation
Objective - The objective of this paper is detail the use of tacit knowledge elicited from domain experts in the domain of Web effort estimation to build an expert-based Web effort model for a medium-size Web company In Auckland (New Zealand). Method - A single-company Web effort estimation model was built using Bayesian Networks (BN), using knowledge solely elicited from two domain experts who were experienced Web project managers. The model was validated using data from eleven past finished Web projects. Results - The BN model has to date been successfully used to estimate effort for numerous Web projects developed by this Company. Conclusions - Our results suggest that, at least for the Web Company that participated in the case study, the use of models that allow the representation of uncertainty, inherent in effort estimation, can outperform expert-based estimates. Thus far, another nine companies in New Zealand, and on in Brazil have also benefited from using Bayesian Networks, with very promising results. © 2012 Springer-Verlag
ELICA: An Automated Tool for Dynamic Extraction of Requirements Relevant Information
Requirements elicitation requires extensive knowledge and deep understanding
of the problem domain where the final system will be situated. However, in many
software development projects, analysts are required to elicit the requirements
from an unfamiliar domain, which often causes communication barriers between
analysts and stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a requirements ELICitation
Aid tool (ELICA) to help analysts better understand the target application
domain by dynamic extraction and labeling of requirements-relevant knowledge.
To extract the relevant terms, we leverage the flexibility and power of
Weighted Finite State Transducers (WFSTs) in dynamic modeling of natural
language processing tasks. In addition to the information conveyed through
text, ELICA captures and processes non-linguistic information about the
intention of speakers such as their confidence level, analytical tone, and
emotions. The extracted information is made available to the analysts as a set
of labeled snippets with highlighted relevant terms which can also be exported
as an artifact of the Requirements Engineering (RE) process. The application
and usefulness of ELICA are demonstrated through a case study. This study shows
how pre-existing relevant information about the application domain and the
information captured during an elicitation meeting, such as the conversation
and stakeholders' intentions, can be captured and used to support analysts
achieving their tasks.Comment: 2018 IEEE 26th International Requirements Engineering Conference
Workshop
Strategic response to a sequence of discrete choice questions
According to neoclassical economic theory, the only stated preference elicitation format that can feasibly be employed in field studies to which truthful response can be the dominant strategy for all respondents is a single binary choice between the status quo and one alternative. In studies where the objective is estimation of preferences for multiple attributes of a good, it is preferred (and, in some cases, necessary) based on econometric considerations, to present respondents with a sequence of choice tasks. Economic theory predicts that utility-maximising respondents may find it optimal to misrepresent their preferences in this elicitation format. In this paper, the effect on stated preferences of expanding the number of choice tasks per respondent from one to four is tested using a split sample treatment in an attribute-based survey relating to the undergrounding of overhead electricity and telecommunications wires in the Australian Capital Territory. We find evidence to suggest that presenting multiple choice tasks per respondent decreases estimates of total willingness to pay and that this effect is related to the ordering of cost levels presented over the sequence of choice tasks. Two behavioural explanations can be advanced - a weak cost minimisation strategy, which implies divergence between stated and true preferences, and a ‘good deal / bad deal’ heuristic, in which stated preferences reflect true preferences that change over the course of the sequence of choice tasks. Preferences stated in the first of a sequence of choice tasks are not significantly different from those stated in the incentive compatible single binary choice task. A key objective of future research will be to establish whether this effect becomes less prevalent as the number of attributes and alternatives per choice task are increased.Choice experiments, willingness to pay, incentive compatibility, strategic behaviour, order effects, underground electricity, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
A requirements engineering framework for integrated systems development for the construction industry
Computer Integrated Construction (CIC) systems are computer environments through which
collaborative working can be undertaken. Although many CIC systems have been developed to demonstrate the
communication and collaboration within the construction projects, the uptake of CICs by the industry is still
inadequate. This is mainly due to the fact that research methodologies of the CIC development projects are
incomplete to bridge the technology transfer gap. Therefore, defining comprehensive methodologies for the
development of these systems and their effective implementation on real construction projects is vital.
Requirements Engineering (RE) can contribute to the effective uptake of these systems because it drives the
systems development for the targeted audience. This paper proposes a requirements engineering approach for
industry driven CIC systems development. While some CIC systems are investigated to build a broad and deep
contextual knowledge in the area, the EU funded research project, DIVERCITY (Distributed Virtual Workspace
for Enhancing Communication within the Construction Industry), is analysed as the main case study project
because its requirements engineering approach has the potential to determine a framework for the adaptation of
requirements engineering in order to contribute towards the uptake of CIC systems
GME versus OLS - Which is the best to estimate utility functions?
This paper estimates von Neumann andMorgenstern utility functions comparing the generalized maximum entropy (GME) with OLS, using data obtained by utility elicitation methods. Thus, it provides a comparison of the performance of the two estimators in a real data small sample setup. The results confirm the ones obtained for small samples through Monte Carlo simulations. The difference between the two estimators is small and it decreases as the width of the parameter support vector increases. Moreover the GME estimator is more precise than the OLS one. Overall the results suggest that GME is an interesting alternative to OLS in the estimation of utility functions when data is generated by utility elicitation methods.Generalized maximum entropy; Maximum entropy principle; von Neumann and Morgenstern utility; Utility elicitation.
A Process Framework for Semantics-aware Tourism Information Systems
The growing sophistication of user requirements in tourism due to the advent of new technologies such as the Semantic Web and mobile computing has imposed new possibilities for improved intelligence in Tourism Information Systems (TIS). Traditional software engineering and web engineering approaches cannot suffice, hence the need to find new product development approaches that would sufficiently enable the next generation of TIS. The next generation of TIS are expected among other things to: enable
semantics-based information processing, exhibit natural language capabilities, facilitate inter-organization exchange of information in a seamless way, and
evolve proactively in tandem with dynamic user requirements. In this paper, a product development approach called Product Line for Ontology-based Semantics-Aware Tourism Information Systems (PLOSATIS) which is a novel
hybridization of software product line engineering, and Semantic Web engineering concepts is proposed. PLOSATIS is presented as potentially effective, predictable and amenable to software process improvement initiatives
A De-biased Direct Question Approach to Measuring Consumers' Willingness to Pay
Knowledge of consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) is a prerequisite to
profitable price-setting. To gauge consumers' WTP, practitioners often rely on
a direct single question approach in which consumers are asked to explicitly
state their WTP for a product. Despite its popularity among practitioners, this
approach has been found to suffer from hypothetical bias. In this paper, we
propose a rigorous method that improves the accuracy of the direct single
question approach. Specifically, we systematically assess the hypothetical
biases associated with the direct single question approach and explore ways to
de-bias it. Our results show that by using the de-biasing procedures we
propose, we can generate a de-biased direct single question approach that is
accu-rate enough to be useful for managerial decision-making. We validate this
approach with two studies in this paper.Comment: Market Research, Pricing, Demand Estimation, Direct Estimation,
Single Question Approach, Choice Experiments, Willingness to Pay,
Hypothetical Bia
How do software architects consider non-functional requirements: an exploratory study
© 2012 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Dealing with non-functional requirements (NFRs) has posed a challenge onto software engineers for many years. Over the years, many methods and techniques have been proposed to improve their elicitation, documentation, and validation. Knowing more about the state of the practice on these topics may benefit both practitioners' and researchers' daily work. A few empirical studies have been conducted in the past, but none under the perspective of software architects, in spite of the great influence that NFRs have on daily architects' practices. This paper presents some of the findings of an empirical study based on 13 interviews with software architects. It addresses questions such as: who decides the NFRs, what types of NFRs matter to architects, how are NFRs documented, and how are NFRs validated. The results are contextualized with existing previous work.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft
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