The Birth of a New Industry: Entry by Start-ups and the Drivers of Firm Growth. The Case of Encryption Software

The paper analyses the birth of the Encryption Software Industry (ESI), a new niche in the software industry. Using a Chandlerian perspective, this work reports the main facts about firm entry and growth, with a particular focus on start-up strategies and actions. Since scale economies do not play a major role in ESI, the paper investigates the different sources of firm competitive advantages. This work shows that innovation and product differentiation, along with investments in co-specialised assets, are variables strongly correlated to young firm probability to survive and grow. In so doing, we have collected highly detailed information on product introduction, US patents granted, worldwide alliances and biographical data of firm founders.Entry, Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Software.

The role of unusual conscious experiences in mental illness : an exploration guided by process models of symptom formation and by a hierarchical theory of personal illness : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University

The relationship between non-clinical unusual conscious experiences and mental illness was explored cross-sectionally in 104 users of community mental health services. Morris (1997) organised unusual conscious experiences and psychiatric symptoms according to the cognitive process errors believed to underlie them, and highlighted the role in the formation of symptoms of difficulties in determining the intentions of the self and others. Foulds's (1976) hierarchical theory of personal illness predicted that progressively more serious layers of symptoms would be experienced, in addition to those already present, as the ability to discern intentionalily diminished. Participants completed the Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory and the Conscious Experiences Questionnaire, and their primary clinicians provided Global Assessment of Functioning ratings. Foulds's hierarchical theory was found to be valid, and the frequency of unusual conscious experiences and deficits in determining intentionality increased the higher participants were placed on his hierarchy. Global functioning, although unrelated to position on the hierarchy or symptom related distress (findings attributed to the failure to assess negative symptoms) was weakly associated with the frequency of unusual conscious experiences. Cognitive process errors were positively correlated with each other, consistent with the errors occurring in the course of a single underlying process. Predicted associations were found between: delusions of persecution and difficulties in determining the intentions of others; hallucinations and the attribution of imagined percepts to external sources; grandiose delusions and the attribution of the actions of others to the self; conversion symptoms and the attribution of actions of the self to external sources; dissociative symptoms and the attribution of percepts with an external origin to the imagination; and delusions (of grandiosity, persecution, contrition, and passivity) and the attribution of events to an unseen power or force. Predicted associations were not found for passivity delusions or delusions of contrition. The implications for dimensional conceptions of mental illness are discussed, and research recommended to isolate the trait component of unusual conscious experiences. The utility of the cognitive process and intentionality findings are discussed in terms of generating hypotheses for future research, and guiding cognitive behaviour therapy and clinical management

Interpretation of Spatial Movement and Perception in Location Based Services

Location Based Services should deliver pertinent information to the user at the right place and at the right time. Such is the range of available content, that it must be filtered and prioritised according to the user's context to reduce wait time and eliminate the delivery of unwanted information. Whiie some contextual information can be inferred from the device sensors, such as location and time, a deeper understanding of the user's context can be inferred by combing these sources with an implicit interpretation of the user's actions. This paper proposes an experiment to compare the user's actions in a real world environment to his actions in an identical virtual world, enabling accurate contextual inferences to be made. The real world study allows an analysis of real movements, which can be correlated with movements in the virtual world, with a greater potential for additional psychological analysis as part of the virtual world

Interpretation of Spatial Movement and Perception in Location Based Services

Location Based Services should deliver pertinent information to the user at the right place and at the right time. Such is the range of available content, that it must be filtered and prioritised according to the user's context to reduce wait time and eliminate the delivery of unwanted information. Whiie some contextual information can be inferred from the device sensors, such as location and time, a deeper understanding of the user's context can be inferred by combing these sources with an implicit interpretation of the user's actions. This paper proposes an experiment to compare the user's actions in a real world environment to his actions in an identical virtual world, enabling accurate contextual inferences to be made. The real world study allows an analysis of real movements, which can be correlated with movements in the virtual world, with a greater potential for additional psychological analysis as part of the virtual world

Resilient Source Coding

This paper provides a source coding theorem for multi-dimensional information signals when, at a given instant, the distribution associated with one arbitrary component of the signal to be compressed is not known and a side information is available at the destination. This new framework appears to be both of information-theoretical and game-theoretical interest: it provides a new type of constraints to compress an information source; it is useful for designing certain types of mediators in games and characterize utility regions for games with signals. Regarding the latter aspect, we apply the derived source coding theorem to the prisoner's dilemma and the battle of the sexes

The birth of a new industry: entry by start-ups and the drivers of firm growth: The case of encryption software

The paper analyses the birth of the encryption software industry (ESI), a new niche in the software industry. Using a Chandlerian perspective, this work reports the main facts about firm entry and growth, with a particular focus on start-up strategies and actions. Since scale economies do not play a major role in ESI, the paper investigates the different sources of firm competitive advantages. This work shows that innovation and product differentiation, along with investments in co-specialised assets, are variables strongly correlated to young firm probability to survive and grow. In doing so, we have collected highly detailed information on product introduction, US patents granted, worldwide alliances and biographical data of firm founders.Publicad

Makna Metafora Idiom (Kanyouku) dalam Unsur Mata (ME): Sebuah Kajian Linguistik Kognitif

Idioms are an odd form of expression of a language; an expression whose meaning cannot be revealed from its true meaning; odd language generated by language users; language variation; dialect; Individual terminology from the rules about the expression characteristics of a group, profession, and the like. This research uses descriptive-qualitative research methods. The data in this study obtained through library techniques with data sources are texts which contain the meaning of the eye idiom (me). In the study of cognitive linguistics, linguistic analysis generally begins with the analysis of meaning. Kanyouku (me) is classified into five, namely kanyouku which shows feelings, emotions, idioms that relate to body, character, and attitude, kanyouku that indicate actions, actions, or activities, kanyouku that indicate a state, degree, or level of value, and kanyouku that show local life, culture and society. From the findings, there are 8 data that correlated in this case

Kaon B Parameter in Quenched QCD

I calculate the kaon B-parameter with a lattice simulation in quenched approximation. The lattice simulation uses an action possessing exact lattice chiral symmetry, an overlap action. Computations are performed at two lattice spacings, about 0.13 and 0.09 fm (parameterized by Wilson gauge action couplings beta=5.9 and 6.1) with nearly the same physical volumes and quark masses. I describe particular potential difficulties which arise due to the use of such a lattice action in finite volume. My results are consistent with other recent lattice determinations using domain-wall fermions.Comment: 23 pages, Revtex, 16 postscript figure

Kaon B-parameter using Overlap Fermions

I present first results from an in-progress calculation of B_K in quenched approximation using overlap fermions. My particular implementation of the overlap uses a kernel with nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions and HYP-blocked gauge connections. Matching to the continuum NDR regularization is done perturbatively. I present preliminary results at beta=5.9 and 6.1 (lattice spacings 0.125 and 0.09 fm) for quark masses, pseudoscalar decay constants, and B-parameter -- B_K(NDR(mu=2 GeV) is 0.66(3-4).Comment: 3 pages, Latex, 3 postscript figures. COLO-HEP-483; Lattice2002(matrixel