Energy-aware coordination of machine scheduling and support device recharging in production systems

Electricity generation from renewable energy sources is crucial for achieving climate targets, including greenhouse gas neutrality. Germany has made significant progress in increasing renewable energy generation. However, feed-in management actions have led to losses of renewable electricity in the past years, primarily from wind energy. These actions aim to maintain grid stability but result in excess renewable energy that goes unused. The lost electricity could have powered a multitude of households and saved CO2 emissions. Moreover, feed-in management actions incurred compensation claims of around 807 million Euros in 2021. Wind-abundant regions like Schleswig-Holstein are particularly affected by these actions, resulting in substantial losses of renewable electricity production. Expanding the power grid infrastructure is a costly and time-consuming solution to avoid feed-in management actions. An alternative approach is to increase local electricity consumption during peak renewable generation periods, which can help balance electricity supply and demand and reduce feed-in management actions. The dissertation focuses on energy-aware manufacturing decision-making, exploring ways to counteract feed-in management actions by increasing local industrial consumption during renewable generation peaks. The research proposes to guide production management decisions, synchronizing a company's energy consumption profile with renewable energy availability for more environmentally friendly production and improved grid stability

Open-Source, Open-Architecture SoftwarePlatform for Plug-InElectric Vehicle SmartCharging in California

This interdisciplinary eXtensible Building Operating System–Vehicles project focuses on controlling plug-in electric vehicle charging at residential and small commercial settings using a novel and flexible open-source, open-architecture charge communication and control platform. The platform provides smart charging functionalities and benefits to the utility, homes, and businesses.This project investigates four important areas of vehicle-grid integration research, integrating technical as well as social and behavioral dimensions: smart charging user needs assessment, advanced load control platform development and testing, smart charging impacts, benefits to the power grid, and smart charging ratepayer benefits

Demand-Side Flexibility in Power Systems:A Survey of Residential, Industrial, Commercial, and Agricultural Sectors

In recent years, environmental concerns about climate change and global warming have encouraged countries to increase investment in renewable energies. As the penetration of renewable power goes up, the intermittency of the power system increases. To counterbalance the power fluctuations, demand-side flexibility is a workable solution. This paper reviews the flexibility potentials of demand sectors, including residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural, to facilitate the integration of renewables into power systems. In the residential sector, home energy management systems and heat pumps exhibit great flexibility potential. The former can unlock the flexibility of household devices, e.g., wet appliances and lighting systems. The latter integrates the joint heat–power flexibility of heating systems into power grids. In the industrial sector, heavy industries, e.g., cement manufacturing plants, metal smelting, and oil refinery plants, are surveyed. It is discussed how energy-intensive plants can provide flexibility for energy systems. In the commercial sector, supermarket refrigerators, hotels/restaurants, and commercial parking lots of electric vehicles are pointed out. Large-scale parking lots of electric vehicles can be considered as great electrical storage not only to provide flexibility for the upstream network but also to supply the local commercial sector, e.g., shopping stores. In the agricultural sector, irrigation pumps, on-farm solar sites, and variable-frequency-drive water pumps are shown as flexible demands. The flexibility potentials of livestock farms are also surveyed

Evaluation and Assessment of New Demand Response Products based on the use of Flexibility in Industrial Processes: Application to the Food Industry

En el marco de un mercado de la electricidad con precios cada vez más altos y donde la participación de fuentes renovables de generación está jugando un papel cada vez más importante, esta tesis supone un enfoque innovador hacia la participación de recursos de demanda en mercados de operación, prestando una atención especial a segmentos industriales como el sector alimentario con un consumo energético intensivo. En primer lugar, esta tesis describe detalladamente la situación actual de los programas de respuesta de la demanda que existen en diferentes partes del mundo. Este estudio permite concluir que los consumidores no han sido tenidos en cuenta suficientemente en la fase de diseño de los programas existentes, lo que ha provocado la infrautilización de recursos de demanda que, actualmente, permanecen sin explorar. Por otro lado, los consumidores no son conscientes del valor que su flexibilidad podría tener para el sistema eléctrico en su conjunto, ignorando que puedan existir otros agentes dispuestos a pagarles a cambio de reducir sus cargas en períodos determinados. Como resultado, esta tesis desarrolla una nueva metodología para explorar y valorar nuevos mecanismos de respuesta de la demanda donde el punto de vista de consumidores, operadores de red y cualquier otro agente interesado pueda ser tenido en cuenta. Esta metodología, basada en la evaluación y análisis detallado de los procesos, proporciona a los consumidores las herramientas adecuadas para evaluar su capacidad para reaccionar al precio de la electricidad, lo que permitiría al regulador poner en valor el beneficio social de dicha flexibilidad si pudiera ser utilizada en mercados de operación, ayudándole a definir los programas necesarios para utilizar de forma adecuada el potencial identificado por los consumidores. La metodología desarrollada en esta tesis ha sido aplicada satisfactoriamente al sub-segmento de la industria cárnica, por lo que varias fábricas pertenecientes a este segmento han sido estudiadas en detalle. En concreto, la factibilidad de las acciones propuestas ha sido probada y validada satisfactoriamente en una fábrica dedicada a la producción de jamón curado en España, en la que se han evaluado diferentes estrategias de flexibilidad. Finalmente, se ha realizado una evaluación económica de la rentabilidad de la aplicación de las acciones de flexibilidad propuestas tanto para el consumidor como para el sistema eléctrico en su conjunto, donde se han considerado los precios reales de los mercados de operación en España, aun cuando los consumidores no puedan participar realmente en dichos mercados en la actualidad.Alcázar Ortega, M. (2011). Evaluation and Assessment of New Demand Response Products based on the use of Flexibility in Industrial Processes: Application to the Food Industry [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/10078Palanci

Strategies for Local Low-Carbon Development

Cities around the world are implementing policies and programs with the goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as well as save energy, reduce costs, and protect the local, regional, and global environment. In China, low-carbon development is a key element of the 12th Five Year Plan. Pilot low-carbon development zones have been initiated in five provinces and eight cities and many other locations around China also want to pursue a low-carbon development pathway. This booklet provides information for government officials, policy makers, program designers and implementers, provincial and city planners, and others who want an overview of the key options available for low-carbon development at local level. These Strategies for Local Low-Carbon Development draw from successful experiences from around the world. Information is provided for low-carbon actions that can be taken in the sectors of (1) Industry, (2) Buildings and Appliances, (3) Electric Power, (4) Consumption and Waste Management, (5) Transportation and Urban Form, and (6) Agriculture and Forestry. A description of each policy is provided along with information on the stakeholders involved in implementation, the conditions for successful implementation, the expected energy and carbon savings, and the policy costeffectiveness. Case studies show how each policy has been implemented somewhere around the world

Contrasting catching-up histories of the Korean and the Japanese heavy electrical industries in the 1970s-2000s

The thesis is motivated by contrasting catching-up performances of the Korean heavy electrical industry (HEI) across nuclear power and gas turbine, which have serious ramifications for energy policy as well as catching-up studies. When the opposite performance of Japanese counterparts across the two technologies is compared to the Korean case, the existing catching-up literature based on firm capabilities and sectoral approaches does not offer direct answers. Also, while most of government energy policies are focused on research and development (R&D) efforts, they pay little attention to a wide set of institutions, which might constrain and incentivise a specific technology catching-up. The idiosyncratic catching-up experiences and potential mismatch between catching-up policies and the institutional factors of the Korean HEI urge comparative and institutional perspectives for a generalisable claim. Therefore, the thesis adopts a partial comparative case study between the Korean HEI and the ‘earlier’ latecomer, namely Japanese HEI, as a reference case with mostly secondary evidences based on a broad version of national system of innovation system (NSI) approach (Freeman 1987; Lundvall 1988; Lundvall et al., 2002). The adopted NSI framework assumes a potential dichotomy of cross-technology and cross-nation performance attributes to contrasting institutional set-ups. It focusses on two salient institutions of the electricity supply industry (ESI), including business and environmental regulations, and their impact on the catching-up performances across the two technologies. It finds historically evolved ESI-HEI relationships based on the specific institutional set of ESI substantially influenced the dichotomy of cross-nation and cross-technology catching-up performances, regardless of R&D expenditures and relative technological capabilities of HEI firms. The result supplements the NSI literature by linking the variation of a set of institutions with catching-up performance variations. It also offers strategic implications to catching-up countries, such as the potential necessity for institutional reforms of the ESI in pursuing energy technology catching-up policies