122 research outputs found
Principles of Physical Layer Security in Multiuser Wireless Networks: A Survey
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the domain of physical layer
security in multiuser wireless networks. The essential premise of
physical-layer security is to enable the exchange of confidential messages over
a wireless medium in the presence of unauthorized eavesdroppers without relying
on higher-layer encryption. This can be achieved primarily in two ways: without
the need for a secret key by intelligently designing transmit coding
strategies, or by exploiting the wireless communication medium to develop
secret keys over public channels. The survey begins with an overview of the
foundations dating back to the pioneering work of Shannon and Wyner on
information-theoretic security. We then describe the evolution of secure
transmission strategies from point-to-point channels to multiple-antenna
systems, followed by generalizations to multiuser broadcast, multiple-access,
interference, and relay networks. Secret-key generation and establishment
protocols based on physical layer mechanisms are subsequently covered.
Approaches for secrecy based on channel coding design are then examined, along
with a description of inter-disciplinary approaches based on game theory and
stochastic geometry. The associated problem of physical-layer message
authentication is also introduced briefly. The survey concludes with
observations on potential research directions in this area.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 303 refs. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1303.1609 by other authors. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials,
201
A Survey on Wireless Security: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances and Future Trends
This paper examines the security vulnerabilities and threats imposed by the
inherent open nature of wireless communications and to devise efficient defense
mechanisms for improving the wireless network security. We first summarize the
security requirements of wireless networks, including their authenticity,
confidentiality, integrity and availability issues. Next, a comprehensive
overview of security attacks encountered in wireless networks is presented in
view of the network protocol architecture, where the potential security threats
are discussed at each protocol layer. We also provide a survey of the existing
security protocols and algorithms that are adopted in the existing wireless
network standards, such as the Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and the long-term
evolution (LTE) systems. Then, we discuss the state-of-the-art in
physical-layer security, which is an emerging technique of securing the open
communications environment against eavesdropping attacks at the physical layer.
We also introduce the family of various jamming attacks and their
counter-measures, including the constant jammer, intermittent jammer, reactive
jammer, adaptive jammer and intelligent jammer. Additionally, we discuss the
integration of physical-layer security into existing authentication and
cryptography mechanisms for further securing wireless networks. Finally, some
technical challenges which remain unresolved at the time of writing are
summarized and the future trends in wireless security are discussed.Comment: 36 pages. Accepted to Appear in Proceedings of the IEEE, 201
ํ๋ ฅ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ์ด์ฉํ ์ค๊ณ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ๋ณด์ ํต์ ์ ์ํ ์ต์ ํ ๋ฐ ํ ๋น ๊ธฐ๋ฒ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ์ ๊ธฐยท์ ๋ณด๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2019. 2. ์ด์ฌํ.Physical layer security is a promising technology in the upcoming fifth generation (5G) wireless communication because the wireless communication is vulnerable to eavesdrop and it is complex to encrypt a data signal. In physical layer security, secure transmission is satisfied by using the physical characteristics of the wireless channel.
Cooperative jamming is one of the efficient techniques to enhance secrecy performance in physical layer security. In cooperative jamming, a cooperating node transmits a jamming signal to interfere the eavesdropper. However, this jamming signal effects not only the eavesdropper but also the destination, which degrades the secrecy performance and causes waste of transmit power. It means the jamming signal transmission needs to be designed properly with optimization and power allocation to enhance security.
The dissertation consists of two main results. First, we investigate a two-hop relay network consists of a source, an AF relay, a destination, and an eavesdropper. In this network, cooperative jamming is utilized in which the destination and the source transmit jamming signals in phase 1 and 2, respectively. At the destination, its own jamming signal transmitted in phase 1 is perfectly cancelled, and the jamming signal from the source has negligible strength due to the weak channel condition from the source to destination. We propose an optimal source power allocation for the network to enhance the secrecy performance based on the channel knowledge available at the source. Simulation results show that the proposed source power allocation scheme achieves higher secrecy rate and lower secrecy outage probability than the fixed power allocation schemes.
Second, we investigate a two-hop relay network consists of a source, multiple AF relays, a destination, and an eavesdropper. In this network, one relay is selected out of the relays to forwards the data signals. Also, cooperative jamming is utilized in which the destination and the source transmit jamming signals in phase 1 and 2, respectively. We propose power allocation and relay selection scheme to minimize secrecy outage probability with the total power constraint and the power constraints for each phases, respectively. In total power constraint case, power allocation and relay selection problem is formulated and it is divided into a master problem and a subproblem by using the primal decomposition method. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves lower secrecy outage probability than the conventional jamming power allocation scheme as well as without jamming scheme.๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ์ธต ๋ณด์์ ๋ฌด์ ํต์ ์ ๋ณด์์ ๋ํ ์ทจ์ฝ์ ๊ณผ ์ํธํ์ ๋ณต์ก์ฑ์ด๋ผ๋ ํน์ง์ผ๋ก ์ธํ์ฌ, 5์ธ๋(5G) ์ด๋ํต์ ์ ์ํ ํต์ฌ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ์ธต ๋ณด์์ ๋ฌด์ ์ฑ๋์ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ํน์ฑ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ณด์ ํต์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๊ฒ ํ๋ค. ํ๋ ฅ ์ฌ๋ฐ(cooperative jamming)์ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ์ธต ๋ณด์์์์ ๋ณด์ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ํฅ์์ํค๋ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ก, ํ๋ ฅ ๋
ธ๋๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ฐ ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ์ ์กํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋์ฒญ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํดํ๊ณ , ๋ณด์์ ๋ฌ์ฑํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋, ์ด๋ฌํ ์ฌ๋ฐ ์ ํธ๋ ๋์ฒญ์ ๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ ์์ ๋จ ์ญ์ ๋ฐฉํดํ๊ฒ ๋๋ฏ๋ก ๊ณผ๋ํ ์ฌ๋ฐ ์ ํธ ์ ์ก์ ๋ณด์ ์ฑ๋ฅ ํฅ์์ ์ง์ฅ์ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ ๋ ฅ์ ๋ญ๋นํ๊ฒ ๋๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ณด์ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ํฅ์์ํค๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ์ฌ๋ฐ ์ ํธ์ ์ ๋ ฅ ํ ๋น ๋ฐ ์ต์ ํ๋ฅผ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ํ์์ ์ด๋ค.
๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์์์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฃผ์ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ๋์ ์ก์ ๋จ, ์ฆํญ ํ ์ฌ์ ์ก ์ค๊ณ๊ธฐ, ์์ ๋จ ๋ฐ ๋์ฒญ์๊ฐ ์กด์ฌํ๋ ์ค๊ณ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค. ์ด ๋ ์์ ๋จ ๋ฐ ์ก์ ๋จ์ด ํ๋ ฅ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ํตํด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ฐ ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ํ์ด์ฆ์์ ์ฌ๋ฐ ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ์ ์กํ๋๋ก ํ๋ค. ์์ ๋จ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ํ์ด์ฆ์ ์ ์กํ ์ฌ๋ฐ ์ ํธ๋ ์ค๊ณ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ฆํญ๋์ง๋ง ์์ ๋จ์ด ์ ๊ฑฐํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ก์ ๋จ์ ์ฌ๋ฐ ์ ํธ๋ ์ก์ ๋จ๊ณผ ์์ ๋จ ์ฌ์ด์ ์ฑ๋์ด ์ฝํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์์ ๋จ์ ๋ฏธ์น์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค. ์ด ๋ ๋ณธ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์์ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ๋ณด์ ์ ์ก๋ฅ (secrecy rate) ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ ๋ถ๋ฅ ํ๋ฅ (secrecy outage probability)์ ํฅ์์ํค๋ ์ก์ ๋จ์ ๊ฐ ํ์ด์ฆ ๋ณ ์ ์ก ์ ๋ ฅ์ ์ก์ ๋จ์ด ๊ฐ์ง ์ฑ๋ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ต์ ํํ๋ค. ๋ชจ์ ์คํ์ ํตํด ์ ์ํ ์ ๋ ฅ ํ ๋น ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ด ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์ ์ ๋ ฅ ํ ๋น ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ๋นํด ๋์ ๋ณด์ ์ ์ก๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ฎ์ ๋ณด์ ๋ถ๋ฅ ํ๋ฅ ์ ๋ฌ์ฑํจ์ ํ์ธํ๋ค.
๋์งธ, ํ๋์ ์ก์ ๋จ, ๋ค์์ ์ฆํญ ํ ์ฌ์ ์ก ์ค๊ณ๊ธฐ๋ค, ํ๋์ ์์ ๋จ ๋ฐ ๋์ฒญ์๊ฐ ์กด์ฌํ๋ ์ค๊ณ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค. ๋ค์์ ์ค๊ณ๊ธฐ ์ค ํ๋์ ์ค๊ณ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ ํ๋์ด ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ์ ์กํ๊ฒ ๋๋ฉฐ, ํ๋ ฅ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ํตํด ์์ ๋จ ๋ฐ ์ก์ ๋จ์ด ์ฌ๋ฐ ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ์ ์กํ๋ค. ์ด ๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ๋ณด์ ๋ถ๋ฅ ํ๋ฅ ์ ์ต์ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ค๊ณ๊ธฐ ์ ํ ๋ฐ ์ ๋ ฅ ํ ๋น ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ๋ค์ํ ์ ๋ ฅ ์ ํ์ ๋ง๊ฒ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค. ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ ์ฒด ์ ๋ ฅ์ด ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์์๋ ์ค๊ณ๊ธฐ ์ ํ ๋ฐ ์ ๋ ฅ ํ ๋น ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ถ๋ฌธ์ (subproblem) ๋ก ๋ถํ ํ๋ค. ๋ชจ์ ์คํ์ ํตํด ์ ์ํ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฐ ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ์ ์กํ์ง ์๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ๋นํด ๋ฎ์ ๋ณด์ ๋ถ๋ฅ ํ๋ฅ ์ ๋ฌ์ฑํจ์ ํ์ธํ๋ค.Abstract i
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Related Work 2
1.1.1 Physical Layer Security 2
1.1.2 Cooperative Jamming 3
1.2 Outline of Dissertation 5
1.3 Notations 6
2 Source Power Allocation for Cooperative Jamming in Amplify-and-
Forward Relay Network with Eavesdropper 9
2.1 System Model 10
2.2 Source Power Allocation 16
2.2.1 Full CSI for All Links 16
2.2.2 Full CSI for Desired Links only 18
2.3 Simulation Results 23
2.3.1 Identical Channel Condition 23
2.3.2 Non-identical Channel Condition 32
2.3.3 Multiple Antenna Eavesdropper 50
2.4 Summary 50
3 Power Allocation and Relay Selection for Cooperative Jamming in
AF Relay Network with Multiple Relays and an Eavesdropper 53
3.1 System Model 55
3.2 Secrecy Outage Probability Analysis 61
3.3 Power Allocation and Relay Selection 66
3.3.1 Total Power Constraint 66
3.3.2 Power Constraints for Each Phases 68
3.4 Numerical Results 70
3.4.1 Multiple Antenna Eavesdropper 86
3.5 Extension to Multiple Relay Selection 86
3.6 Summary 88
4 Conclusion 89
4.1 Summary 89
4.2 Future Works 90
A Obtainment of Optimal Values of alpha in R1 and R2 92
Bibliography 95
Korean Abstract 104Docto
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