9,064 research outputs found

    SWOT analysis of the authorization of Chinese ship recycling yards

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    Golf Course Pollution Prevention Guide

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    According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pollution prevention can be defined as: “The use of materials, processes, or practices that reduces or eliminates the creation of pollutants or wastes at the source.” Pollution prevention represents a shift away from the old school of thought, “pollution control,” in which waste was not dealt with until after it was generated. Through pollution prevention, we look at the processes that generate the waste to see if we can avoid creating a waste in the first place, or at least reduce the hazardous nature of the waste. When this is not possible, the next best solution to prevent wastes from having a negative impact on the environment is through careful management and recycling. This manual will help golf course maintenance staff identify areas where pollution prevention techniques can be applied in a practical manner. Each section presents a waste type common to golf courses accompanied by pollution prevention recommendations. Although the focus of this manual is on pollution prevention, regulatory information is given as necessary where it impacts pollution prevention practices and to illustrate how pollution prevention can help reduce regulatory requirements.https://scholarworks.uni.edu/iwrc_facbook/1008/thumbnail.jp

    Informal Micro-Enterprises and Solid Waste Collection: The Case Study of Addis Ababa

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    Recently “embracing informality” is a notion advocated in urban centres of developing nations not only due to its unavoidable nature but also its contribution in providing service access to the marginalized, creating job  opportunity to the urban poor and reducing cost to financially deprived municipalities. Involving informal sector as municipal service provider indeed requires the perception of stakeholders who are directly working with them. This research tried to have insight about the attitudes and perceptions that regulators, service users and providers have on the informality. Internal and external factors influencing service providers were also considered. The research used both Primary and secondary data sources. One hundred sixty micro-enterprise units were included in the survey. These account for about 35% of the total micro-enterprises available in the city. Stratified random sampling was employed based on the number and type of micro-enterprises available in each kebele (local government unit). Interview and focus group discussions were held with city officials at different levels and also community representatives. Secondary data sources used were research reports, government documents of relevant institutions as well as legal and policy documents. The findings suggest that there is an over all tendency to encourage solid waste collecting micro-enterprises on the part of the government. Flexibility and responsiveness were also opportunities secured by the users (households); the institutionalization process was not confined to the promotion of efficiency of the service and enhancement of business orientation.Key words: micro-enterprise, service delivery, solid waste collection, stakeholders’ perspective

    Proceedings Community Leader's Litter Control Workshop

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    PDF pages: 5

    Private sector participation in solid waste collection in addis ababa (Ethiopia) by involving Micro-enterprises

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    __Abstract__ Privatization of urban services focuses often on the involvement of foreign enterprises. This contribution deals with micro-privatization, the partial transfer of government responsibility for solid waste collection to micro-enterprises. It tries to shed light on whether the current private sector participation (PSP) of micro-enterprises in solid waste collection service is the best way to capture the expected advantages of private sector involvement. The article examines the relations of the micro-enterprises with beneficiaries and the public sector by focusing on the contract procedure, the tariff-setting process, the cost recovery mechanism and institutionalizing of market principles for micro-enterprises. The research was carried out using secondary and primary data sources. Primary data were collected through the interviewing of public sector officials at different levels, focus group discussions with community groups and micro-enterprises, and observation. A survey was conducted among 160 micro-enterprises in the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using a standard questionnaire. What are some of the factors contributing to the results of PSP in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia? Policies at higher levels of government definitely produced an overall climate conducive to micro-privatization and recognized the need to develop micro-enterprises, but it is not clear what role the micro-enterprises are to play in solid waste management. New opportunities were created by formalization and taken up by communities and micro-enterprises. Coverage and waste collected both increased. The initiation and institutionalization of the formalization process was not without problems. The public sector over-stressed the autonomy of micro-enterprises. The fate of the micro-enterprises is largely determined by the reforms undertaken at local government level. The rapid changes in policies at the local level made waste-collecting micro-enterprises lose confidence and more dependent on the public sector. The study shows the continued power of the state and its agents in shaping developments in this domain

    Durham, 1977. Annual report.

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    This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire

    Cities in Transition

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    Cities in transition face a unique set of challenges that came forth due to interplay of the legacy of socialist urban policies and transition to the market economy. The socialist urban policies restrained growth of the largest cities and distorted the spatial equilibrium towards more uniform distribution of urban population. The transition to the market economy reduces distortions but the convergence is slow. Housing market rigidities, inadequate urban infrastructure, and inconsistent government policies prevent people from moving to the largest cities.urban development, transition, cities, Zipf's law, local governance, housing market

    Reforming Our Wasteful Hazardous Waste Policy

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    Federal hazardous waste regulation and cleanup programs suffer from poor prioritization, insufficient flexibility, high costs, and questionable benefits. Many of these problems are a result of excessive regulatory centralization. With the enactment of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Comprehensive Emergency Response, Cleanup and Liability Act (CERCLA, aka Superfund ) Congress centralized environmental policy questions that are, in many respects, inherently local in nature. This produced a mismatch between those jurisdictions with regulatory primacy and the nature of the environmental problems at issue. Contamination of soil and groundwater are site-specific, rarely crossing state lines. Due to the local nature of hazardous waste problems, state governments should be given the opportunity to assume leadership of hazardous waste regulation and cleanup. While the federal government has an important role to play in the regulation and management of hazardous wastes, this role requires more targeted and specialized efforts than the adoption and maintenance of a comprehensive cradle-to-grave regulatory system and a large scale waste site cleanup program that impose federal standards on local communities. Through technical guidance federal agencies can inform local waste management and cleanup decisions without imposing uniform federal standards that fit few jurisdictions well. With federal efforts confined to those areas in which the federal government possesses a comparative advantage, state governments will be freed to reassume leadership in hazardous waste policy and tailor state policies to local needs and concerns. This, in turn, could foster greater recognition of and accountability for the trade-offs inherent in hazardous waste policy, and a more justifiable regulatory regime for hazardous waste
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