17 research outputs found

    A survey of non-prehensible pneumatic manipulation surfaces : principles, models and control.

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    International audienceMany manipulation systems using air flow have been proposed for object handling in a non-prehensile way and without solid-to-solid contact. Potential applications include high-speed transport of fragile and clean products and high-resolution positioning of thin delicate objects. This paper discusses a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art pneumatic manipulation from the macro scale to the micro scale. The working principles and actuation methods of previously developed air-bearing surfaces, ultra-sonic bearing surfaces, air-flow manipulators, air-film manipulators, and tilted air-jet manipulators are reviewed with a particular emphasis on the modeling and the control issues. The performance of the previously developed devices are compared quantitatively and open problems in pneumatic manipulation are discussed

    ç ”ç©¶é€Ÿć ± : Autonomous decentralized systems based on ditributed conrolled MEMS actuator for micro conveyance application

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    Beitrag zur Gestaltung und Herstellung einer integrierten Mikropositionierungssystem

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    Modern positioning systems are significantly applied in many engineering fields dealing with products emerging from different technologies at macro-, micro- and nanoscale. These systems are the back-bone systems behind any manipulation task in these areas. Currently, miniaturization trend have led numerous scientific communities to realize down scaled versions of these systems with a footprint size up to few hundreds of millimeters. These miniature positioning systems are cost effective solutions in many micro applications. This thesis presents the development of a miniature positioning system integrated with a non-contact long range displacement sensor. The uniqueness of the presented positioning system lies in its simple design with ability to perform micrometer to millimeter level strokes with pre-embedded auto guidance feature. Its design consists of a mobile part driven with four electromagnetic linear motors. Each motor consists of a fixed two phase current carrying planar electric drive coil and permanent magnet array that is realized with 14 permanent magnets arranged in north-south configuration. In order to achieve smooth motion a four point contact technique with hemispherical glass beads has been adapted to minimize the adherence effect. The overall design of the planar positioning system have been optimized to achieve a footprint size of 80 mm × 80 mm. The device can deliver motion within working range of 10 mm × 10 mm in xy-plane with sub micrometer level resolution at a speed of 12 mm/s. The device is capable to deliver a rotation motion of ±11° about the z axis in the xy-plane. Secondly, in order to measure the displacement performed by the mobile part, a non-contact long range linear displacement sensor has been designed. The overall dimensions of the sensor were optimized using a geometrical model. The fabrication of the sensor has been carried out via microfabrication in silicon material to achieve compact dimensions, so that it could be integrated in the mobile part of the positioning system. The sensor is able to provide 30.8 nm resolution with a linear measurement range of 12.5 mm. At the end, a novel cross structure has been designed and fabricated using microfabrication with the perspective to integrate the long range sensor.Moderne Positioniersysteme werden in vielen aufstrebenden Bereichen der Technik eingesetzt. Die Produkte stammen hierbei aus unterschiedlichen Technologiebereichen, die den Makro-, Mikro- und Nano- Maßstab abdecken. Diese Systeme bilden die Basis jeder Manipulationsaufgabe, in diesen Bereichen. In jĂŒngster Zeit hat der Miniaturisierungstrend dazu gefĂŒhrt, dass in zahlreichen wissenschaftlichen Bereichen immer kleinere Versionen von Systemen realisiert wurden. Die typischen Abmessungen wurden dabei auf einige hundert Millimeter reduziert. Diese Miniatur Positioniersysteme sind kostengĂŒnstige Lösungen in vielen Mikro Anwendungen. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Entwicklung eines Miniatur-Positioniersystems dar, in welches ein berĂŒhrungsloser Wegsensor fĂŒr lange Distanzen integriert wurde. Die Einzigartigkeit dieses Positionierungssystems liegt in der Einfachheit der Konstruktion in Kombination mit der FĂ€higkeit Bewegungen vom Mikrometer bis zum Millimeter Bereich mittels einer eingebetteten Autopilotfunktion auszufĂŒhren. Das Design besteht aus einem beweglichen Teil, welches mit vier elektrischen Linearmotoren angetrieben wird. Jeder Motor besteht aus zwei Teilen: Einem planaren elektrisch angetriebenen Schlitten und einer Anordnung von Permanentmagneten. Die Anordnung ist mit 14 Permanentenmagneten in Nord-SĂŒd Ausrichtung realisiert. Um eine sanfte Bewegung zu erreichen wird eine VierpunktauïŹ‚age mit halbkugelförmigen Glasperlen verwendet. Hierdurch werden AdhĂ€sionseffekte minimiert. Das Positionierungssystem kann Bewegungen im Arbeitsbereich von 10 mm × 10 mm in der xy-Ebene mit Submikrometer AuïŹ‚Ă¶sung und einer Geschwindigkeit von 12 mm/s ausfĂŒhren. Das GerĂ€t ist in der Lage eine Drehbewegung von ±11° um die z-Achse in der xy-Ebene auszufĂŒhren. Weiterhin wurde, um die Verschiebung des beweglichen Teils zu messen, ein kontak tloser Langstrecken-Wegsensor entworfen. Die Gesamtabmessungen des Sensors wurden mit einem geometrischen Modell optimiert. Die Herstellung des Sensors wurde mittels Mikrostrukturierung in Silizium ausgefĂŒhrt um eine kompakte Abmessung zu erreichen, so dass es in den beweglichen Teil des Positionierungssystems integriert werden konnte. Der Sensor erreicht eine AuïŹ‚Ă¶sung von 30,8 nm in einem linearen Messbereich von 12.5 mm. Am Ende der Arbeit wurde eine neue Kreuz-Struktur konzipiert und hergestellt, gleichfalls mit Hilfe der Mikrostrukturierungstechnik. Hieraus ergibt sich die Perspektive den Langstrecken Wegsensor problemlos zu integrieren

    Real-time surface formation using a network of interconnected programmable actuators

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    This research has explored methods for developing a large interactive dynamic 3D surface using an array of interconnected pneumatically actuated cylinders. People can control the surface using body movement, sound or pre-programmed sequences. The main contribution is a method for accurately positioning cylinders without the need for position feedback

    Conception, modĂ©lisation et commande d’une surface de manipulation sans contact Ă  flux d’air induit

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    This thesis presents the design, the modeling and the control of a pneumatic manipulatorbased on an original aerodynamic traction principle. An horizontal air flow is induced by strongvertical air jets in order to manipulate objects without contact. The objects are maintained inconstant levitation on an air cushion. Three degrees of freedom positioning of the objects canbe realized thanks to the right combination of distributed air jets. The design of an originalmanipulator using this aerodynamic principle is detailed. The device has been integrated in anexperimental setup in order to validate the manipulation principle : objects can reach velocityof 180 mm/s. Several models of the system have been established. A first model, based on experimentaldata, gives the evolution of the 1 DOF-position of an object on the device. Twoother models, based on a fundamental aerodynamic study, respectively give the evolution of the2- and 3-DOF position of the objet. The three models have been validated experimentally. Inorder to control the position of the object, different controllers have been designed : a PID oneand a robust H1 one. The control of one and two degrees of freedom of the device gives goodperformances : settling time of around 2 s and overshoot less than 5% in most of the cases. Wehave also studied a micro-manipulator that is able to position millimetric sized objects, in twodirections, thanks to inclined air jets. Objects can reach velocity of 123 mm/s, and the resolutionof the positioning is less than 0.4 ÎŒm.Ce mĂ©moire dĂ©crit la conception, la modĂ©lisation et la commande d’un manipulateur pneumatique,fondĂ© sur un principe de traction aĂ©rodynamique original. De puissants jets d’air verticauxpermettent de crĂ©er un flux d’air horizontal pour manipuler des objets sans contact. Les objetssont maintenus en constante lĂ©vitation sur la surface grĂące Ă  un coussin d’air, et peuvent positionnĂ©s selon trois degrĂ©s de libertÂŽ du plan, grĂące Ă  la combinaison adĂ©quate et distribuĂ©ede jets d’air verticaux. Nous dĂ©taillons la conception d’un prototype original de manipulateurexploitant ce principe fluidique. Ce prototype a Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ© dans une plate-forme expĂ©rimentaleafin de valider le principe de manipulation : le systĂšme permet de dĂ©placer des objets Ă  unevitesse atteignant 180 mm/s. Nous avons modĂ©lisĂ© le fonctionnement de la surface selon plusieursmĂ©thodes. Un premier modĂšle comportemental, fondÂŽe sur des donnĂ©es expĂ©rimentales, aĂ©tĂ© Ă©tabli. Il permet de simuler l’®evolution de la position d’un objet sur la surface, selon un degrĂ©de libertĂ© . Deux modĂšles de connaissance, fondÂŽes sur une Ă©tude aĂ©rodynamique fondamentale,donnent l’®evolution de la position de l’objet selon respectivement deux et trois degrĂ©s de libertĂ©du plan. Chacun des modĂšles a Ă©tĂ© validĂ© expĂ©rimentalement. Nous avons synthĂ©tisĂ© diffĂ©rentscontrˆoleurs afin d’asservir la position de l’objet : un premier, de type PID, et un second, de typerobuste (mĂ©thode H1). La commande de un, puis deux degrĂ©s de libertĂ© du systĂšme, a permisd’atteindre de bonnes performances : temps de rĂ©ponse d’environ 2 s et dĂ©passement souventinfĂ©rieur Ă  5%. Nous avons Ă©galement Ă©tudiĂ© un micro-manipulateur pneumatique permettant dedÂŽeplacer des objets de taille millimĂ©trique selon deux directions, grĂące Ă  des jets d’air inclinĂ©s.Ces objets peuvent atteindre des vitesses de 123 mm/s. La rĂ©solution du positionnement estinfĂ©rieure Ă  0.4 ÎŒm

    Contribution au micro-actionnement multi-stable piloté par radiations optiques

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    In this work, a bistable mechanism based on antagonistic pre-shaped double beams was proposed. Employing the proposed bistable mechanism, a quadristable micro-actuator was designed. ln order to validate the quadristability of the device, a meso-scaled prototype was fabricated from MDF by laser cutting. After the quadristability was experimentally confirmed, a quadristable micro-actuator was realized on SOl wafer using DRIE technique. Strokes for inner row and outer row were reduced to 300 ”m and 200 ”m respectively. For the actuation of the quadristable micro-actuator,laser heated SMA elements with deposited Si02 layer were used to realize the optical wireless actuation. With the help of a laser beam steering micro-mirror, both inner row and outer row were successfully actuated. ln order to further reduce the stroke, a bistable actuator with stroke reducing structure was designed and a prototype eut from MDF was tested. Bistability was validated and a stroke of 1”m was experimentally achieved. Based on this bistable module, a multistable nano-actuator, which contains four parallel coupled bistable modules,was designed and simulated. The simulated result have indicated that it was capable of outputs 16 discrete stable positions available from 0 nm to 150 nm with a step of 10 nm between two stable positions.Cette thĂšse traite le sujet du micro-actionnement multistable employant des radiations optiques pour atteindre les diffĂ©rentes positions offertes par le micro-actionneur. Dans le cadre des travaux rĂ©alisĂ©s, un mĂ©canisme bistable reposant sur un principe de doubles poutres prĂ©formĂ©es situĂ©es en position antagoniste est proposĂ©, et, sur cette brique Ă©lĂ©mentaire, un micro-actionneur quadristable a Ă©tĂ© conçu. Afin de valider le principe de fonctionnement de micro-actionneur, des procĂ©dĂ©s de fabrication Laser (sur le matĂ©riau « mĂ©dium - MDF») puis DRIE (sur un wafer SOI de silicium) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s. Sur le prototype en silicium, permettant une rĂ©duction des courses du rang interne et du rang externe du micro-actionneur, celles-ci ont Ă©tĂ© fixĂ©es Ă  300 ”m et 200 ”m respectivement. L’actionnement Ă  distance de ce micro-actionneur a Ă©tĂ© prouvĂ© en utilisant le chauffage laser d’un Ă©lĂ©ment actif en Nitinol structurĂ© par un dĂ©pĂŽt de SiO2, ceci gĂ©nĂ©rant un effet « deux sens » de l’élĂ©ment actif permettant d’annuler la charge sur les poutres du micro-actionneur une fois celui-ci dĂ©clenchĂ© puis en position stable. L’utilisation d’un banc expĂ©rimental incluant une membrane MEMS de balayage laser a permis de dĂ©montrer la quadristabilitĂ© du micro-actionneur sur 90 000 cycles. Afin de rĂ©duire davantage la course de ce micro-actionneur, des concepts de dispositifs de rĂ©duction de course ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s pour dĂ©montrer, Ă  partir de prototypes fabriquĂ© en MDF par usinage laser, la capacitĂ© Ă  atteindre une course de 1 ”m. Enfin, Ă  la suite de ces travaux de rĂ©duction de course, un concept de nano-actionneur multistable a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©. Ce nano-actionneur est composĂ© de quatre modules bistables liĂ©s et disposĂ©s en parallĂšle pour offrir 16 positions discrĂštes sur une course rectiligne. Les simulations de cet actionneur montrent la possibilitĂ© d’atteindre les 15 positions espacĂ©es de 10 nm sur une course de 150 nm

    International Workshop on MicroFactories (IWMF 2012): 17th-20th June 2012 Tampere Hall Tampere, Finland

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    This Workshop provides a forum for researchers and practitioners in industry working on the diverse issues of micro and desktop factories, as well as technologies and processes applicable for micro and desktop factories. Micro and desktop factories decrease the need of factory floor space, and reduce energy consumption and improve material and resource utilization thus strongly supporting the new sustainable manufacturing paradigm. They can be seen also as a proper solution to point-of-need manufacturing of customized and personalized products near the point of need
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