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    UX Design using Conversational Interface

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋””์ž์ธํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. ์œค์ฃผํ˜„.์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹๋ฌผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ‚ค์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”, ํ˜น์€ ์•ˆ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ์ •์„œ์— ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ •ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋‹ค. ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ฐฝ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฑ—๋ด‡ํ˜• ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •์›์‚ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค 'Leafy(๋ฆฌํ”ผ)'๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์—†์ด ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹๋ฌผ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ์ˆ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์กด์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•ด์™”์Œ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ , ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ยทํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ยท์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ํ˜น์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„œ๋น„์Šค(์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ํ•œ์ •)์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฑ—๋ด‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ์ˆ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฑ—๋ด‡์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ์˜์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ๋กœ๋ด‡์ธ ์ฑ—๋ด‡์ด ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ์š”๊ฑด์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฑ—๋ด‡ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ธฐํš๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋„ค์ž„ ๋ฐ ๋กœ๊ณ  ๋””์ž์ธ, ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ UI ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋””์ž์ธ ์ž‘์—… ๋’ค์—๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ™œ์šฉ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ „์‹œ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ฑ—๋ด‡ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋•๋Š” ๋ฆฌํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•œ ์ ๊ณผ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ž ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ—๋ด‡ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์€ ์ฑ—๋ด‡ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ผ๋‚ด๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ๋กœ๋ด‡ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์™€ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ—๋ด‡์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์‹๋ฌผ ์™ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ ค๋™๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ ์ ์šฉ, ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฉ”์‹ ์ €์™€์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ์Œ์„ฑํ˜• ๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ผฝ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  2 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 5 2.1 ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ 7 2.2 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ 10 2.3 ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ 13 2.4 ์‹๋ฌผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„œ๋น„์Šค 15 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ฑ—๋ด‡: ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ๊ฐœ์ธ๋น„์„œ 26 3.1 ์ฑ—๋ด‡์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 27 3.2 ์ฑ—๋ด‡์˜ ์š”๊ฑด 38 3.3 ์ฑ—๋ด‡ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„œ๋น„์Šค 45 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 59 4.1 ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ธฐํš 60 4.2 ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋„ค์ž„ ๋ฐ ๋กœ๊ณ  ๋””์ž์ธ 67 4.3 ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ UI ๋””์ž์ธ 69 4.4 ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ™œ์šฉ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ œ์•ˆ 98 4.5 ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ „์‹œ 105 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  111 5.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 112 5.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  112 5.3 ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 113 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 115 Abstract 120Maste

    Chasing the Chatbots: Directions for Interaction and Design Research

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    Big tech-players have been successful in pushing the chatbots forward. Investments in the technology are growing fast, as well as the number of users and applications available. Instead of driving investments towards a successful diffusion of the technology, user-centred studies are currently chasing the popularity of chatbots. A literature analysis evidences how recent this research topic is, and the predominance of technical challenges rather than understanding usersโ€™ perceptions, expectations and contexts of use. Looking for answers to interaction and design questions raised in 2007, when the presence of clever computers in everyday life had been predicted for the year 2020, this paper presents a panorama of the recent literature, revealing gaps and pointing directions for further user-centred research

    Chatting with Confidence: A Review on the Impact of User Interface, Trust, and User Experience in Chatbots, and a Proposal of a Redesigned Prototype

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    As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more prevalent in our daily lives, trust has become a critical issue in ensuring that AI systems are reliable, ethical, and beneficial to society. This paper explores the role of user experience (UX) in shaping users' trust in chat AI. Chat AI has become increasingly popular as a communication tool, but users often struggle with trusting the technology. The paper examines how different design elements, such as conversational style, interface, and feedback mechanisms, affect users' perception of trust in chat AI by analyzing previous literature written in this area. Research demonstrates that UX plays a critical role in users' trust in chat AI, with factors such as transparency, responsiveness, and empathy contributing to higher levels of trust. Using the results found in the research around this topic, a redesigned prototype of a popular chat AI software called chatGPT was created with the help of Figma

    A Virtual Conversational Agent for Teens with Autism: Experimental Results and Design Lessons

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    We present the design of an online social skills development interface for teenagers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The interface is intended to enable private conversation practice anywhere, anytime using a web-browser. Users converse informally with a virtual agent, receiving feedback on nonverbal cues in real-time, and summary feedback. The prototype was developed in consultation with an expert UX designer, two psychologists, and a pediatrician. Using the data from 47 individuals, feedback and dialogue generation were automated using a hidden Markov model and a schema-driven dialogue manager capable of handling multi-topic conversations. We conducted a study with nine high-functioning ASD teenagers. Through a thematic analysis of post-experiment interviews, identified several key design considerations, notably: 1) Users should be fully briefed at the outset about the purpose and limitations of the system, to avoid unrealistic expectations. 2) An interface should incorporate positive acknowledgment of behavior change. 3) Realistic appearance of a virtual agent and responsiveness are important in engaging users. 4) Conversation personalization, for instance in prompting laconic users for more input and reciprocal questions, would help the teenagers engage for longer terms and increase the system's utility

    Interfaces of the Agriculture 4.0

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    The introduction of information technologies in the environmental field is impacting and changing even a traditional sector like agriculture. Nevertheless, Agriculture 4.0 and data-driven decisions should meet user needs and expectations. The paper presents a broad theoretical overview, discussing both the strategic role of design applied to Agri-tech and the issue of User Interface and Interaction as enabling tools in the field. In particular, the paper suggests to rethink the HCD approach, moving on a Human-Decentered Design approach that put together user-technology-environment and the importance of the role of calm technologies as a way to place the farmer, not as a final target and passive spectator, but as an active part of the process to aim the process of mitigation, appropriation from a traditional cultivation method to the 4.0 one

    Improving fairness in machine learning systems: What do industry practitioners need?

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    The potential for machine learning (ML) systems to amplify social inequities and unfairness is receiving increasing popular and academic attention. A surge of recent work has focused on the development of algorithmic tools to assess and mitigate such unfairness. If these tools are to have a positive impact on industry practice, however, it is crucial that their design be informed by an understanding of real-world needs. Through 35 semi-structured interviews and an anonymous survey of 267 ML practitioners, we conduct the first systematic investigation of commercial product teams' challenges and needs for support in developing fairer ML systems. We identify areas of alignment and disconnect between the challenges faced by industry practitioners and solutions proposed in the fair ML research literature. Based on these findings, we highlight directions for future ML and HCI research that will better address industry practitioners' needs.Comment: To appear in the 2019 ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2019
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