Rethinking Implicatures

This paper advances the following criticisms against the received view of implicatures: (1) implicatures are relations of pragmatic implication and not attempts to convey particular speaker meanings; (2) conversational implicatures are non-cancellable; (3) generalised conversational implicatures and conventional implicatures are necessary to preserve the cooperative assumption by means of a conversational maxim of conveyability; (4) implicatures should be divided in utterance implicatures and assumption implicatures, not speaker implicatures and sentence implicatures; (5) trivial implicatures are genuine implicatures; (6) Grice’s theory of conversation cannot explain most of his own examples of particularised conversational implicatures; (7) the apparent attempts of explicit cancellation of implicatures are apologies, not attempts to avoid misunderstandings

IMPLICATURE IN SAIKIRAN’S STAND UP COMEDY SCRIPT DARK SKIN AND GETTING MARRIED

This research focuses on implicature in Saikiran’s Stand Up Comedy Script Dark Skin and Getting Married. By using Grice theory of implicature, the make up of this research strongly refers to the use of descriptive qualitative method to process the data, which are originally taken from the script. The analysis reveals two types of implicature i.e. cconventional implicatures and conversational implicatures. Conventional implicature is associated with the general meaning and also related to specific words (but, and, even). Meanwhile, conversational implicature verifies two types, i.e. generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. There are 13 data referring to cconventional implicatures and 4 data to conversational implicatures (2 data generalized conversational implicatures and 2 data particularized conversational implicatures). The results of this research indicate that Saikiran uses those implicatures when he wants the audience to understand about his life condition in funny ways, and  the audience will possibly find it difficult to understand if they do not know his utterances in the contexts

Conversational Implicatures (and How to Spot Them)

In everyday conversations we often convey information that goes above and beyond what we strictly speaking say: exaggeration and irony are obvious examples. H.P. Grice introduced the technical notion of a conversational implicature in systematizing the phenomenon of meaning one thing by saying something else. In introducing the notion, Grice drew a line between what is said, which he understood as being closely related to the conventional meaning of the words uttered, and what is conversationally implicated, which can be inferred from the fact that an utterance has been made in context. Since Grice’s seminal work, conversational implicatures have become one of the major research areas in pragmatics. This article introduces the notion of a conversational implicature, discusses some of the key issues that lie at the heart of the recent debate, and explicates tests that allow us to reliably distinguish between semantic entailments and conventional implicatures on the one hand and conversational implicatures on the other

Implikatur Percakapan Sebagai Tindak Komunikatif Pada Novel Hidamari No Kanojo

In the pragmatics, meaning or purpose that appear in a speech called implicatures. Implicatures that appear of two or more people who is conversing with each other called conversational implicature. The purpose of this research is to describe the implicatures of conversations in the Hidamari No Kanojo novel. Besides that, it also aimed to explain the purpose of the communicative acts on it. Theory that used were Grice (1975) to find out kind of implicatures conversational according to flouting of maxim in the coorperative principle and Brown (1980) about communicative acts. This research is a qualitative descriptive method to decribing the data in the Hidamari No Kanojo novel. The results of this study were (1) found general conversational implicatures as much as 12 data, the special conversational implicatures as many as 8 data (2) mean of conversational implicatures by the speakers explained through the communicative acts which is classified into 15 types according to their intended purpose

Innocent implicatures

It seems to be a common and intuitively plausible assumption that conversational implicatures arise only when one of the so-called conversational maxims is violated at the level of what is said. The basic idea behind this thesis is that, unless a maxim is violated at the level of what is said, nothing can trigger the search for an implicature. Thus, non-violating implicatures wouldn’t be calculable. This paper defends the view that some conversational implicatures arise even though no conversational maxim is violated at the level of what is said

Conversational Implicature in The Croods movie

This research is aimed to identify the types of conversational implicature in the dialogue of characters in The Croods movie and interpret the meaning of each conversational implicatures that found in the dialogue of characters in The Croods movie.  In conducting this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative research as a method to analyze the data. The writer uses the theory proposed by Grice to analyze and interpret the types of conversational implicature occur in The Croods movie. The data in this research are collected by watching the movie and reading the script of the movie, which then selects the dialogues that identified as a conversational implicature. In analyzing the data, the writer uses several steps; First identifying the types of conversational implicature, Second classifying the types of conversational implicature, third describing the meaning of each utterance that is identified as a conversational implicature based on the context of the movie, and last making a conclusion. After analyzing the data, it was found that there were 20 utterances that were identified as conversational implicatures, i.g. generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. There were 15 utterances identified as particularized conversational implicatures and 5 utterances identified as generalized conversational implicatures. Which can be percentages, particularized conversational implicature 75% occurred and generalized conversational implicature 15%. It can be concluded that particularized conversational implicature is the most prominent appearing in the movie.

AN ANALYSIS OF IMPLICATURES FOUND IN WHATSAPP STORIES

This study focuses on implicatures found in the WhatsApp stories. This study aims to find and explain types of implicatures found in WhatsApp stories using the theory proposed by Yule (1996). This study employs qualitative design as the research design. In addition, content analysis is applied to obtain the data in which the writer becomes the key instrument of the study. Interactive data analysis, then, is conducted to analyze and explain the data. The data of the study are taken from WhatsApp stories that appears in the writer’s WhatsApp application. This study shows the findings of the types of implicatures. The data are classified into four types of implicatures: generalized conversational implicatures (5 data), particularized conversational implicatures (7 data), scalar implicature (2 data), and conventional implicatures (1 datum)

Wayne A. Davis, Implicature: Intention, Convention, and Principle in the Failure of Gricean Theory

[First Paragraph] In his recent book, Implicature: Intention, Convention, and Principle in the Failure of Gricean Theory (1998), Wayne Davis argues that the Gricean approach to conversational implicature is bankrupt and offers a new approach of his own. Although I disagree with Davis both in general and in detail, I think nonetheless that the problems he raises'or close relatives of them-- are serious and important problems which should give any Gricean pause. This is an extremely worthwhile book, even for those who disagree with it

Speaker meaning, what is said and what is implicated

[First Paragraph] Unlike so many other distinctions in philosophy, H P Grice's distinction between what is said and what is implicated has an immediate appeal: undergraduate students readily grasp that one who says 'someone shot my parents' has merely implicated rather than said that he was not the shooter [2]. It seems to capture things that we all really pay attention to in everyday conversation'this is why there are so many people whose entire sense of humour consists of deliberately ignoring implicatures. ('Can you pass the salt?' 'Yes.') Unsurprisingly, it was quickly picked up and put to a wide variety of uses in not only in philosophy but also in linguistics and psychology. What is surprising, however, is that upon close inspection Grice's conception of implicature turns out to be very different from those at work in the literature which has grown out of his original discussion. This would not be much of a criticism of this literature were it not for the fact that discussions of implicature explicitly claim to be using Grice's notion, not some other one inspired by him (generally going so far as to quote one of Grice's characterisations of implicature). This still would not be terribly interesting if the notion Grice was actually carving out had little theoretical or practical utility. But I will argue here that Grice's own notion of implicature, one quite different from the ones most of us have come to work with, is in fact far more interesting and subtle than that which has been attributed to him