162 research outputs found

    Convergence of GMRES for tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices

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    We analyze the residuals of GMRES [Y. Saad and M. H. Schultz, SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput., 7 (1986), pp. 856--859], when the method is applied totridiagonal Toeplitz matrices. We first derive formulas for the residuals as well as their norms when GMRES is applied to scaled Jordan blocks. This problem has been studied previously by Ipsen [BIT, 40 (2000), pp. 524--535] and Eiermann and Ernst [Private communication, 2002], but we formulate and prove our results in a different way. We then extend the (lower) bidiagonal Jordan blocks to tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices and study extensions of our bidiagonal analysis to the tridiagonal case. Intuitively, when a scaled Jordan block is extended to a tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix by a superdiagonal of small modulus (compared to the modulus of the subdiagonal), the GMRES residual norms for both matrices and the same initial residual should be close to each other. We confirm and quantify this intuitive statement. We also demonstrate principal difficulties of any GMRES convergence analysis which is based on eigenvector expansion of the initial residual when the eigenvector matrix is ill-conditioned. Such analyses are complicated by a cancellation of possibly huge components due to close eigenvectors, which can prevent achieving well-justified conclusions

    Preconditioned fully implicit PDE solvers for monument conservation

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    Mathematical models for the description, in a quantitative way, of the damages induced on the monuments by the action of specific pollutants are often systems of nonlinear, possibly degenerate, parabolic equations. Although some the asymptotic properties of the solutions are known, for a short window of time, one needs a numerical approximation scheme in order to have a quantitative forecast at any time of interest. In this paper a fully implicit numerical method is proposed, analyzed and numerically tested for parabolic equations of porous media type and on a systems of two PDEs that models the sulfation of marble in monuments. Due to the nonlinear nature of the underlying mathematical model, the use of a fixed point scheme is required and every step implies the solution of large, locally structured, linear systems. A special effort is devoted to the spectral analysis of the relevant matrices and to the design of appropriate iterative or multi-iterative solvers, with special attention to preconditioned Krylov methods and to multigrid procedures. Numerical experiments for the validation of the analysis complement this contribution.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figure

    GMRES convergence analysis for a convection-diffusion model problem

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    When GMRES [Y. Saad and M. H. Schultz, SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput.}, 7 (1986), pp. 856--869] is applied to streamline upwind Petrov--Galerkin (SUPG) discretized convection-diffusion problems, it typically exhibits an initial period of slow convergence followed by a faster decrease of the residual norm. Several approaches were made to understand this behavior. However, the existing analyses are solely based on the matrix of the discretized system and they do not take into account any influence of the right-hand side (determined by the boundary conditions and/or source term in the PDE). Therefore they cannot explain the length of the initial period of slow convergence which is right-hand side dependent. We concentrate on a frequently used model problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions and with a constant velocity field parallel to one of the axes. Instead of the eigendecomposition of the system matrix, which is ill conditioned, we use its orthogonal transformation into a block-diagonal matrix with nonsymmetric tridiagonal Toeplitz blocks and offer an explanation of GMRES convergence. We show how the initial period of slow convergence is related to the boundary conditions and address the question why the convergence in the second stage accelerates

    GMRES on tridiagonal block Toeplitz linear systems

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    We study the generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method for solving tridiagonal block Toeplitz linear system Ax=b with m × m diagonal blocks. For m=1, these systems becomes tridiagonal Toeplitz linear systems, and for m> 1, A becomes an m-tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix. Our first main goal is to find the exact expressions for the GMRES residuals for b=(B1,0,…, 0)T, b=(0,…, 0, BN)T, where B1 and BN are m-vectors. The upper and lower bounds for the GMRES residuals were established to explain numerical behavior. The upper bounds for the GMRES residuals on tridiagonal block Toeplitz linear systems has been studied previously in [1]. Also, in this paper, we consider the normal tridiagonal block Toeplitz linear systems. The second main goal is to find the lower bounds for the GMRES residuals for these systems

    GMRES convergence analysis for a convection-diffusion model problem

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    When GMRES [Y. Saad and M. H. Schultz, SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput.}, 7 (1986), pp. 856--869] is applied to streamline upwind Petrov--Galerkin (SUPG) discretized convection-diffusion problems, it typically exhibits an initial period of slow convergence followed by a faster decrease of the residual norm. Several approaches were made to understand this behavior. However, the existing analyses are solely based on the matrix of the discretized system and they do not take into account any influence of the right-hand side (determined by the boundary conditions and/or source term in the PDE). Therefore they cannot explain the length of the initial period of slow convergence which is right-hand side dependent. We concentrate on a frequently used model problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions and with a constant velocity field parallel to one of the axes. Instead of the eigendecomposition of the system matrix, which is ill conditioned, we use its orthogonal transformation into a block-diagonal matrix with nonsymmetric tridiagonal Toeplitz blocks and offer an explanation of GMRES convergence. We show how the initial period of slow convergence is related to the boundary conditions and address the question why the convergence in the second stage accelerates

    A preconditioned MINRES method for nonsymmetric Toeplitz matrices

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    Circulant preconditioning for symmetric Toeplitz linear systems is well established; theoretical guarantees of fast convergence for the conjugate gradient method are descriptive of the convergence seen in computations. This has led to robust and highly efficient solvers based on use of the fast Fourier transform exactly as originally envisaged in [G. Strang, Stud. Appl. Math., 74 (1986), pp. 171--176]. For nonsymmetric systems, the lack of generally descriptive convergence theory for most iterative methods of Krylov type has provided a barrier to such a comprehensive guarantee, though several methods have been proposed and some analysis of performance with the normal equations is available. In this paper, by the simple device of reordering, we rigorously establish a circulant preconditioned short recurrence Krylov subspace iterative method of minimum residual type for nonsymmetric (and possibly highly nonnormal) Toeplitz systems. Convergence estimates similar to those in the symmetric case are established

    GMRES ON A TRIDIAGONAL TOEPLITZ LINEAR SYSTEM

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    The Generalized Minimal Residual method (GMRES) is often used to solve a nonsymmetric linear system Ax = b. But its convergence analysis is a rather difficult task in general. A commonly used approach is to diagonalize A = XΛX-1 and then separate the study of GMRES convergence behavior into optimizing the condition number of X and a polynomial minimization problem over As spectrum. This artificial separation could greatly overestimate GMRES residuals and likely yields error bounds that are too far from the actual ones. On the other hand, considering the effects of both As spectrum and the conditioning of X at the same time poses a difficult challenge, perhaps impossible to deal with in general but only possible for certain particular linear systems. This thesis will do so for a (nonsymmetric) tridiagonal Toeplitz system. Sharp error bounds on and sometimes exact expressions for residuals are obtained. These expressions and/or bounds are in terms of the three parameters that define A and Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind or the second kind
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