1,285 research outputs found
Incentive Design for Direct Load Control Programs
We study the problem of optimal incentive design for voluntary participation
of electricity customers in a Direct Load Scheduling (DLS) program, a new form
of Direct Load Control (DLC) based on a three way communication protocol
between customers, embedded controls in flexible appliances, and the central
entity in charge of the program. Participation decisions are made in real-time
on an event-based basis, with every customer that needs to use a flexible
appliance considering whether to join the program given current incentives.
Customers have different interpretations of the level of risk associated with
committing to pass over the control over the consumption schedule of their
devices to an operator, and these risk levels are only privately known. The
operator maximizes his expected profit of operating the DLS program by posting
the right participation incentives for different appliance types, in a publicly
available and dynamically updated table. Customers are then faced with the
dynamic decision making problem of whether to take the incentives and
participate or not. We define an optimization framework to determine the
profit-maximizing incentives for the operator. In doing so, we also investigate
the utility that the operator expects to gain from recruiting different types
of devices. These utilities also provide an upper-bound on the benefits that
can be attained from any type of demand response program.Comment: 51st Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and
Computing, 201
Cities and climate change: Strategic options for philanthropic support
Now, more than ever, cities are at the front lines of U.S. climate action. As national action stalls,
there is still a daunting amount to be done in reducing human-generated climate emissions.
Fortunately, this report comes in the wake of a groundswell of initiatives to engage on climate
change by cities, countries, and states across the U.S. Several important and thorough reports
on the types of mitigation actions cities can take have recently been released. We already have
examples of cities taking significant leadership roles in reducing their own climate emissions,
from New York and Boston to Austin, Boulder, and Los Angeles - yet U.S. climate emissions
continue to rise, and cities have an outsized role to play.
The purpose of this project is to review current U.S. city climate activities in order to identify
areas where additional investment by foundations could help accelerate city action to reduce
urban greenhouse gas emissions. The focus of the inquiry is on aggressive actions cities can take
that significantly increase their “level of ambition” to achieve emissions reductions on an
accelerated timetable. City strategies on climate adaptation are not encompassed in this
project. [TRUNCATED
A robust vehicle to grid aggregation framework for electric vehicles charging cost minimization and for smart grid regulation
In this paper, we propose an optimal hierarchical bi-directional aggregation algorithm for the electric vehicles (EVs) integration in the smart grid (SG) using Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology through a network of Charging Stations (CSs). The proposed model forecasts the power demand and performs Day-ahead (DA) load scheduling in the SG by optimizing EVs charging/discharging tasks. This method uses EVs and CSs as the voltage and frequency stabilizing tools in the SG. Before penetrating EVs in the V2G mode, this algorithm determines the on arrival EVs State of Charge (SOC) at CS, obtains projected park/departure time information from EV owners, evaluates their battery degradation cost prior to charging. After obtaining all necessary data, it either uses EV in the V2G mode to regulates the SG or charge it according to the owner request but, it ensure desired SOC on departure. The robustness of the proposed algorithm has been tested by using IEEE-32 Bus-Bars based power distribution in which EVs are integrated through five CSs. Two intense case studies have been carried out for the appropriate performance validation of the proposed algorithm. Simulations are performed using electricity pricing data from PJM and to test the EVs behaviour 3 types of EVs having different specifications are penetrated. Simulation results have proved that the proposed model is capable of integrating EVs in the voltage and frequency stabilization and it also simultaneously minimizes approximately $1500 in term of charging cost for EVs contributing in the V2G mode each day. Particularly, during peak hours this algorithm provides effective grid stabilization services.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Essays on the effect of retail innovation on consumer behavior
As a result of the convergence of online and offline retailers, and due to the notoriously low margins in the retail environment, innovation and technology have become more and more competitive differentiators. The purpose of this cumulative dissertation is to explore consumers’ behavioral reactions towards those technological innovations in brick and mortar retailing. As it is not feasible to consider every available technology in its own right, the focus of this dissertation is limited to the following three recent technologies: mobile payment, electronic shelf labels, and electric vehicle charging stations. By conducting experiments (Paper 1 and Paper 3) and leveraging real transaction data from a retailer (Paper 2), the author was able to formulate and investigate various research hypotheses, including a positive influence of new technology on the willingness to pay (Paper 1), mere revenue effect (Paper 2), and shopping intentions (Paper 3).:1 Introduction
2 Theoretical foundations
3 Purpose and focus of the dissertation
4 Article summary
4.1 Overview of dissertation articles
4.2 Summary of first article
4.3 Summary of second article
4.4 Summary of third article
5 General contributions and implications of this dissertation
6 Limitations and future research
7 Outlook
References
Appendix I: The effect of credit card versus mobile payment on convenience and consumers’ willingness to pay
Appendix II: Behavioral consequences from converging channel capabilities: the effect of mere electronic shelf label presence on store revenue
Appendix III: Recharge while you shop: the impact of free electric vehicle charging on shopping intention and shopping duratio
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