Helmet-Mounted Display Symbology and Stabilization Concepts

The helmet-mounted display (HMD) presents flight, sensor, and weapon information in the pilot's line of sight. The HMD was developed to allow the pilot to retain aircraft and weapon information and to view sensor images while looking off boresight

Field research on the spectral properties of crops and soils, volume 1

The experiment design, data acquisition and preprocessing, data base management, analysis results and development of instrumentation for the AgRISTARS Supporting Research Project, Field Research task are described. Results of several investigations on the spectral reflectance of corn and soybean canopies as influenced by cultural practices, development stage and nitrogen nutrition are reported as well as results of analyses of the spectral properties of crop canopies as a function of canopy geometry, row orientation, sensor view angle and solar illumination angle are presented. The objectives, experiment designs and data acquired in 1980 for field research experiments are described. The development and performance characteristics of a prototype multiband radiometer, data logger, and aerial tower for field research are discussed

Understanding mental health treatment effectiveness in young people

Mental disorders are one of the leading causes of non-communicable disease burden worldwide, with distress emerging as a common factor among such disorders. Most lifetime mental disorders emerge during adolescence and young adulthood, yet no studies have robustly assessed changes in common distress over time during this broad developmental epoch. Common distress is particularly pertinent when assessing mental health treatment effectiveness, as comorbidity rates are higher amongst those who seek treatment. In this dissertation, I seek to redress the paucity of evidence regarding mental health treatment effectiveness in young people. Herein I longitudinally validate a common distress factor, enabling me to use specific and broad mental health outcomes to assess the effectiveness of treatment-as-usual mental health services in two separate samples. In chapter 2, I use a community sample of adolescents to test the relationship of age 14 service contact on depressive symptoms by age 17. I found that 14-year-old adolescents who had contact with mental health services in the past year had a greater decrease in depressive symptoms than those without contact. By age 17 years, the odds of reporting clinical depression were higher in individuals without contact than in service users who had been similarly depressed at baseline. In addition to propensity score weighting to adjust for participants’ initial likelihood to access services, I used a clinically relevant cutoff and adjusted for a wide range of time-varying confounding variables. These adjustments give greater confidence than previous studies to the notion that mental health service contact is related to meaningful improvements in subsequent mental health. Policy implications of these findings are addressed. In chapter 3, I develop a transdiagnostic measure of mental health to be used to assess treatment effectiveness with relevancy across multiple disorders. This transdiagnostic measure is the general factor (common distress or p) from a bifactor model of 118 self-report items from previously validated measures of depression, anxiety, behavioural problems, obsessions, psychotic symptoms, wellbeing, and self-esteem. Longitudinal and gender measurement invariance and reliability of this model was demonstrated in a sample of 14- to 24-year olds assessed annually three times. Predictive validity of the general and specific factors was demonstrated using an extensive set of external variables covering factors such as social environment, personality, and risk behaviour. Accelerated growth modelling revealed developmental changes in the factors from ages 14-27 largely consistent with epidemiological patterns of the associated disorders. I use this validated distress factor in chapter 4 to further test the effectiveness of mental health treatment-as-usual, in a broader age range with a broader outcome than the adolescent sample. Family functioning and friendship support were also explored as potential mechanisms of action. Treatment was related to decreased distress over two years, in unadjusted and adjusted models. In order to propensity weight, I focused analyses on those above the population mean in baseline distress, which contained 85% of young people reporting treatment for a mental disorder. Such individuals were more likely to have required treatment, so treated and untreated groups are more meaningful and comparable. In propensity score weighted models, treatment was related to decreased subsequent distress. Treatment was also related to improved family functioning over two years, but only in adolescents aged 14-18, more likely to be living with their family. In this younger group, the best fitting model revealed distress as a significant mediator: the majority of improvements in family functioning occurred through improvements in distress. However, treatment was not related to a change in friendship support over time. Thus, not only is mental health treatment-as-usual related to a significant decline in young people’s distress, but also improvements in adolescent family functioning. Finally, in chapter 5 I discuss the broader implications of the findings. Analyses in two separate community samples of young people strongly support the notion that treatment-as-usual is related to improvements in both specific and broad measures of mental health. Such treatment-related improvements in mental health appear to also yield benefits in family functioning in adolescents. Findings as a whole argue for increased access to mental health services

Dynamics of tilting proprotor aircraft in cruise flight

A nine degree-of-freedom theoretical model is developed for investigations of the dynamics of a proprotor operating in high inflow axial flight on a cantilever wing. The basic characteristics of the rotor high inflow aerodynamics and the resulting rotor aeroelastic behavior are discussed. The problems of classical whirl flutter, the two-bladed rotor, and the influence of the proprotor on the stability derivatives of the aircraft are treated briefly. The influence of various elements of the theoretical model is discussed, including the modeling used for the blade and wing aerodynamics, and the influence of the rotor lag degree of freedom. The results from tests of two full-scale proprotors - a gimballed, stiff-inplane rotor and a hingeless, soft-inplane rotor - are presented; comparisons with the theoretical results show good correlation

Microfog lubricant application system for advanced turbine engine components, phase 3

The wetting characteristics and deposit forming tendencies of a series of lubricants were evaluated using a microfog jet delivery system to wet a flat heated rotating disc. The performances of the nine lubricants are discussed in terms of the various testing parameters which include temperature, disc speed and lubricant gas flow rates. Also discussed are the heat transfer characteristics of two of the lubricants on that same plane disc specimen. The wetting characteristics and heat transfer characteristics of one of the lubricants on a complex disc simulating bearing geometry are also discussed

Proceedings of the Fifth International Mobile Satellite Conference 1997

Satellite-based mobile communications systems provide voice and data communications to users over a vast geographic area. The users may communicate via mobile or hand-held terminals, which may also provide access to terrestrial communications services. While previous International Mobile Satellite Conferences have concentrated on technical advances and the increasing worldwide commercial activities, this conference focuses on the next generation of mobile satellite services. The approximately 80 papers included here cover sessions in the following areas: networking and protocols; code division multiple access technologies; demand, economics and technology issues; current and planned systems; propagation; terminal technology; modulation and coding advances; spacecraft technology; advanced systems; and applications and experiments

Understanding mental health treatment effectiveness in young people

Mental disorders are one of the leading causes of non-communicable disease burden worldwide, with distress emerging as a common factor among such disorders. Most lifetime mental disorders emerge during adolescence and young adulthood, yet no studies have robustly assessed changes in common distress over time during this broad developmental epoch. Common distress is particularly pertinent when assessing mental health treatment effectiveness, as comorbidity rates are higher amongst those who seek treatment. In this dissertation, I seek to redress the paucity of evidence regarding mental health treatment effectiveness in young people. Herein I longitudinally validate a common distress factor, enabling me to use specific and broad mental health outcomes to assess the effectiveness of treatment-as-usual mental health services in two separate samples. In chapter 2, I use a community sample of adolescents to test the relationship of age 14 service contact on depressive symptoms by age 17. I found that 14-year-old adolescents who had contact with mental health services in the past year had a greater decrease in depressive symptoms than those without contact. By age 17 years, the odds of reporting clinical depression were higher in individuals without contact than in service users who had been similarly depressed at baseline. In addition to propensity score weighting to adjust for participants’ initial likelihood to access services, I used a clinically relevant cutoff and adjusted for a wide range of time-varying confounding variables. These adjustments give greater confidence than previous studies to the notion that mental health service contact is related to meaningful improvements in subsequent mental health. Policy implications of these findings are addressed. In chapter 3, I develop a transdiagnostic measure of mental health to be used to assess treatment effectiveness with relevancy across multiple disorders. This transdiagnostic measure is the general factor (common distress or p) from a bifactor model of 118 self-report items from previously validated measures of depression, anxiety, behavioural problems, obsessions, psychotic symptoms, wellbeing, and self-esteem. Longitudinal and gender measurement invariance and reliability of this model was demonstrated in a sample of 14- to 24-year olds assessed annually three times. Predictive validity of the general and specific factors was demonstrated using an extensive set of external variables covering factors such as social environment, personality, and risk behaviour. Accelerated growth modelling revealed developmental changes in the factors from ages 14-27 largely consistent with epidemiological patterns of the associated disorders. I use this validated distress factor in chapter 4 to further test the effectiveness of mental health treatment-as-usual, in a broader age range with a broader outcome than the adolescent sample. Family functioning and friendship support were also explored as potential mechanisms of action. Treatment was related to decreased distress over two years, in unadjusted and adjusted models. In order to propensity weight, I focused analyses on those above the population mean in baseline distress, which contained 85% of young people reporting treatment for a mental disorder. Such individuals were more likely to have required treatment, so treated and untreated groups are more meaningful and comparable. In propensity score weighted models, treatment was related to decreased subsequent distress. Treatment was also related to improved family functioning over two years, but only in adolescents aged 14-18, more likely to be living with their family. In this younger group, the best fitting model revealed distress as a significant mediator: the majority of improvements in family functioning occurred through improvements in distress. However, treatment was not related to a change in friendship support over time. Thus, not only is mental health treatment-as-usual related to a significant decline in young people’s distress, but also improvements in adolescent family functioning. Finally, in chapter 5 I discuss the broader implications of the findings. Analyses in two separate community samples of young people strongly support the notion that treatment-as-usual is related to improvements in both specific and broad measures of mental health. Such treatment-related improvements in mental health appear to also yield benefits in family functioning in adolescents. Findings as a whole argue for increased access to mental health services.Funded by the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care for East of England

Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium

As in all fields of work, an unmanageable number of abbreviations are used today in aviation for terms, definitions, commands, standards and technical descriptions. This applies in general to the areas of aeronautical communication, navigation and surveillance, cockpit and air traffic control working positions, passenger and cargo transport, and all other areas of flight planning, organization and guidance. In addition, many abbreviations are used more than once or have different meanings in different languages. In order to obtain an overview of the most common abbreviations used in air traffic management, organizations like EUROCONTROL, FAA, DWD and DLR have published lists of abbreviations in the past, which have also been enclosed in this document. In addition, abbreviations from some larger international projects related to aviation have been included to provide users with a directory as complete as possible. This means that the second edition of the Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium includes now around 16,500 abbreviations and acronyms from the field of aviation