43,198 research outputs found
Abstract Argumentation / Persuasion / Dynamics
The act of persuasion, a key component in rhetoric argumentation, may be
viewed as a dynamics modifier. We extend Dung's frameworks with acts of
persuasion among agents, and consider interactions among attack, persuasion and
defence that have been largely unheeded so far. We characterise basic notions
of admissibilities in this framework, and show a way of enriching them through,
effectively, CTL (computation tree logic) encoding, which also permits
importation of the theoretical results known to the logic into our
argumentation frameworks. Our aim is to complement the growing interest in
coordination of static and dynamic argumentation.Comment: Arisaka R., Satoh K. (2018) Abstract Argumentation / Persuasion /
Dynamics. In: Miller T., Oren N., Sakurai Y., Noda I., Savarimuthu B., Cao
Son T. (eds) PRIMA 2018: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems.
PRIMA 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11224. Springer, Cha
A Plausibility Semantics for Abstract Argumentation Frameworks
We propose and investigate a simple ranking-measure-based extension semantics
for abstract argumentation frameworks based on their generic instantiation by
default knowledge bases and the ranking construction semantics for default
reasoning. In this context, we consider the path from structured to logical to
shallow semantic instantiations. The resulting well-justified JZ-extension
semantics diverges from more traditional approaches.Comment: Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Non-Monotonic
Reasoning (NMR 2014). This is an improved and extended version of the
author's ECSQARU 2013 pape
Empirical Evaluation of Abstract Argumentation: Supporting the Need for Bipolar and Probabilistic Approaches
In dialogical argumentation it is often assumed that the involved parties
always correctly identify the intended statements posited by each other,
realize all of the associated relations, conform to the three acceptability
states (accepted, rejected, undecided), adjust their views when new and correct
information comes in, and that a framework handling only attack relations is
sufficient to represent their opinions. Although it is natural to make these
assumptions as a starting point for further research, removing them or even
acknowledging that such removal should happen is more challenging for some of
these concepts than for others. Probabilistic argumentation is one of the
approaches that can be harnessed for more accurate user modelling. The
epistemic approach allows us to represent how much a given argument is believed
by a given person, offering us the possibility to express more than just three
agreement states. It is equipped with a wide range of postulates, including
those that do not make any restrictions concerning how initial arguments should
be viewed, thus potentially being more adequate for handling beliefs of the
people that have not fully disclosed their opinions in comparison to Dung's
semantics. The constellation approach can be used to represent the views of
different people concerning the structure of the framework we are dealing with,
including cases in which not all relations are acknowledged or when they are
seen differently than intended. Finally, bipolar argumentation frameworks can
be used to express both positive and negative relations between arguments. In
this paper we describe the results of an experiment in which participants
judged dialogues in terms of agreement and structure. We compare our findings
with the aforementioned assumptions as well as with the constellation and
epistemic approaches to probabilistic argumentation and bipolar argumentation
Enhancing the Quality of Argumentation in School Science
The research reported in this paper focussed on the design of learning environments that support the teaching and learning of argumentation in a scientific context. The research took place over two years between 1999 and 2001 in junior high schools in the greater London area. The research was conducted in two phases. In the first developmental phase, working with a group of 12 science teachers, the main emphasis was to develop sets of materials and strategies to support argumentation in the classroom and to assess teachers‘ development with teaching argumentation. Data were collected by videoing and audio recording the teachers attempts to implement these lessons at the beginning and end of the year. During this phase, analytical tools for evaluating the quality of argumentation were developed based on Toulmin‘s argument pattern. Analysis of the data shows that there was significant development in the majority of teachers use of argumentation across the year. Results indicate that the pattern of use of argumentation is teacher specific, as is the nature of the change. In the second phase of the project, teachers taught the experimental groups a minimum of nine lessons which involved socioscientific or scientific argumentation. In addition, these teachers taught similar lessons to a control group at the beginning and end of the year. Here the emphasis lay on assessing the progression in student capabilities with argumentation. Hence data were collected from several lessons of two groups of students engaging in argumentation. Using a framework for evaluating the nature of the discourse and its quality, the findings show that there was an improvement in the quality of students‘ argumentation. In addition, the research offers methodological developments for work in this field
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Arguing satisfaction of security requirements
This chapter presents a process for security requirements elicitation and analysis,
based around the construction of a satisfaction argument for the security of a
system. The process starts with the enumeration of security goals based on assets
in the system, then uses these goals to derive security requirements in the form of
constraints. Next, a satisfaction argument for the system is constructed, using a
problem-centered representation, a formal proof to analyze properties that can be
demonstrated, and structured informal argumentation of the assumptions exposed
during construction of the argument. Constructing the satisfaction argument can
expose missing and inconsistent assumptions about system context and behavior
that effect security, and a completed argument provides assurances that a system
can respect its security requirements
The Pyglaf Argumentation Reasoner
The pyglaf reasoner takes advantage of circumscription to solve computational problems of abstract argumentation frameworks.
In fact, many of these problems are reduced to circumscription by means of linear encodings, and a few others are solved by means of a sequence of calls to an oracle for circumscription.
Within pyglaf, Python is used to build the encodings and to control the execution of the external circumscription solver, which extends the SAT solver glucose and implements an algorithm based on unsatisfiable core analysis
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