What science can teach us about “Enhanced Interrogation”

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Tactile reasoning and adaptive architecture for intelligence sense-making

Visual analytics is the science of analytical facilitated by interactive visual interfaces [1]. Visual analytics combines automated analysis techniques with interactive visualizations to facilitate reasoning and making sense of large and complex data sets [2]. A key component of visual analytics is information visualisation, which is the communication of abstract data through visual representations that simplify, aggregate and reveal important relationships [3]. However, information visualisation is just one part of the equation that is visual analytics. The ability to manipulate the data directly and to query and initiate analytic processes through that manipulation with the resulting information is the other major component of visual analytics [1]. Together, interaction, visualisation, and analytics, combine to create powerful tools for supporting the analysis and reasoning with large, mix‐format, multi‐source data sets. We are interested in the application of tactile reasoning to visual analytics. We define tactile reasoning as an interaction technique that supports the analytical reasoning process by the direct manipulation of information objects in a graphical user interface (GUI). In a study by Maglio et al [4] they found that participants using scrabble pieces (individual alphabets on tiles) generated more words when they were allowed to manipulate the scrabble pieces than when they are not allowed to interact with the pieces. The act of tactile manipulation of the scrabble pieces, i.e. the ability to rearrange them, allowed the participants to form words that they could not form without interaction. Tactile reasoning, we therefore hypothesise, enables individuals to see patterns in visually presented data sets they might otherwise not see through the manipulation, rearrangement and other interaction with the information objects. In this paper we describe the concept of tactile reasoning in the context of visual analytics, and the adaptive architecture needed to support it during real‐time manipulation. We conduct our investigation through a lab prototype – INVISQUE – Interactive Visual Search and Query Environment [4,5]. INVISQUE provides an information visualisation interface coupled with a “reasoning workspace” that facilitates tactile reasoning. INVISQUE was funded by JISC to provide an alternative interface to improve information search and retrieval and sense‐making in electronic library resource discovery systems such as the Emerald and ISI electronic journal databases. We have developed an adaptive architecture which underlies INVISQUE and supports the sense‐making by providing the system with the capability to rapidly adapt to changing circumstances

The Early Stages of the Integration of the Internet in EU Newsrooms

The current study explores the perceived integration of the internet inside European newsrooms. The authors carried out a survey with 239 journalists working for 40 of the most-read outlets in 11 European countries.The study shows that journalists consider the internet a useful tool mainly for practical functions, rather than to enhance the core values and functions of their profession. However, news production continues to be based on direct interaction, and journalists’ professional identity is still anchored to print newspapers. Moreover, a lack of communication between publishers and newsrooms emerges. Professional and personal profiles and nationality play a relevant role in the development of attitudes towards the implementation of the internet in newsrooms

Hidden covariation detection produces faster, not slower, social judgments

In Lewicki’s (1986a) demonstration of Hidden Co-variation Detection (HCD), responses were slower to faces that corresponded with a co-variation encountered previously than to faces with novel co-variations. This slowing contrasts with the typical finding that priming leads to faster responding, and might suggest that HCD is a unique type of implicit process. We extended Lewicki’s (1986a) methodology and showed that participants exposed to nonsalient co-variations between hair length and personality were subsequently faster to respond to faces with those co-variations than to faces without, despite lack of awareness of the critical co-variations. This result confirms that people can detect subtle relationships between features of stimuli and that, as with other types of implicit cognition, this detection facilitates responding.</p