27 research outputs found
LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volum
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Layer assignment and routing optimization for advanced technologies
As VLSI technology scales to deep sub-micron and beyond, it becomes
increasingly challenging to achieve timing closure for VLSI design. Since a
complete design flow consists of several phases, such as logic synthesis, placement, and routing, interconnect synthesis plays an important role which includes buffer insertion/sizing and timing-driven routing. Although progress has been achieved by many advanced routing techniques, the following aspects
can be exploited sufficiently for further improvement: (1) incremental layer assignment for timing optimization; (2) signal routing with the requirement of regularity; (3) power-efficient optical-electrical interconnect paradigm. Thus, to perform the layer assignment and routing optimization for advanced technologies,
an automated routing engine in a global view is essential to benefit the interconnect design while satisfying specific requirements.
This dissertation proposes a set of algorithms and methodology on layer
assignment and routing optimization for advanced technologies. The research includes two timing-driven incremental layer assignment approaches, synergistic
topology generation and routing synthesis for signal groups, and optical-electrical routing design for power efficiency.
For incremental layer assignment, most of the conventional approaches
target via minimization but neglect the timing issues. Meanwhile, via delays
are ignored but should be considered in emerging technology nodes. Then two
timing-driven incremental layer assignment frameworks are proposed, where all the nets are solved simultaneously with the integration of via delays: (1) optimization of the total sum of net delays and reduction of slew violations; (2) minimization of critical path timing in selected nets.
For on-chip signal routing, the bundled bits in one group may have different
pin locations, but they have to be routed in a regular manner by sharing common topologies. Very few previous works target inter-bit regularity via multi-layer topology selection. Furthermore, the routability and wire-length of the signal bits should also be optimized. Then an advanced synergistic routing engine is promoted, which is able to not only control routability and wire-length but also guide each bit routing intelligently for design regularity.
For optical-electrical co-design routing, optical interconnect shows its
advantage due to the dominance of bandwidth-distance-power properties. The previous works lack a detailed exploration of optical-electrical co-design for on-chip interconnects. During the transmission, signal quality can be affected by various loss sources and Electrical to Optical (EO)/Optical to Electrical (OE) conversion overheads should also be considered. Then a power-efficient routing flow for on-chip signals is presented, where optical connections can collaborate with electrical wires seamlessly.
The effectiveness of proposed algorithms and techniques is demonstrated in this dissertation. These approaches are able to achieve the improvements regarding specific metrics and eventually benefit the routing flow.Electrical and Computer Engineerin
Kant in English: An Index
Kant in English: An Index / By Daniel Fidel Ferrer.
©Daniel Fidel Ferrer, 2017. Pages 1 to 2675.
Includes bibliographical references. Index.
1. Ontology. 2. Metaphysics. 3. Philosophy, German. 4. Thought and thinking. 5. Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804. 6. Practice (Philosophy). 7. Philosophy and civilization. 8). Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 -- WoÌrterbuch. 9. Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 -- Concordances. 10. Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 -- 1889-1976 â Indexes. I. Ferrer, Daniel Fidel, 1952-.
MOTTO
As a famous motto calls us back to Kant, Otto Liebmannâs writes
(Kant and His Epigones of 1865):
âAlso muss auf Kant zurĂŒckgegangen werden.â
âTherefore, must return to Kant.â
Table of Contents
1). Preface and Introduction.
2. Background on Kantâs Philosophy (hermeneutical historical situation).
3). Main Index (pages, 25 to 2676).
Preface and Introduction
Total words indexed: 58,928; for the 12 volumes that are in the MAIN INDEX are indexed: pages 1 to 7321. This monograph by Daniel Fidel Ferrer is 2676 pages in total.
The following is a machine index of 12 volumes written by Immanuel Kant and translated from German into English. Everything is indexed including the text, title pages, preface, notes, editorials, glossary, indexes, biographical notes, and even some typos. No stop words or words removed from this index. There are some German words in the text, bibliographies, and in the glossaries (also included in Main Index).
Titles in English of Kantâs writings for this index (pages 1 to 7321).
Anthropology, History, and Education
[Starts on page 1
Correspondence
[Starts on page 313
Critique of Pure Reason
[Starts page 971
Critique of the Power of Judgment
[Starts on page 1771
Lectures on Logic
[Starts on page 2247
Lectures on Metaphysics
[Starts on page 2991
Notes and Fragments
[Starts on page 3670
Opus Postumum
[Starts on page 4374
Practical Philosophy
[Starts on page 4741
Religion and Rational Theology
[Starts on page 5446
Theoretical Philosophy after 1781
[Starts on page 5990
Theoretical Philosophy, 1755-1770
[Starts on page 6541
Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens or An Essay on the Constitution and the Mechanical Origin of the Entire Structure of the Universe Based on Newtonian Principles
[Starts on page 7162
The whole single file which includes all of these books ends on page 7321. 12 volumes are pages 1 to 7321. These actual texts of these books by Kant are not include here because of copyright. This is only an index of these 7321 pages by Immanuel Kant. There are some German words in the text and in the glossaries, etc.
Searching this Main Index.
Please note the German words that start with umlauts are at the end of the index because of machine sorting of the words. Starting with the German word âĂeâ on page 2674 page of this book (see in Main Index). Use the FIND FUNCTION for all examples of the words or names you are searching.
Examples from the Main Index
mendacium, 5171, 5329, 5389
mendation, 220
mendax, 2702, 2800
mended, 360
Mendel, 416, 925, 965
Mendelian, 2212
Mendels, 345, 363, 417, 458, 560, 572, 588, 926, 928, 929
MENDELSSOHN, 925
Mendelssohn, 8, 9, 19, 98, 99, 100, 101
Abstraction Unframed: Abstract Murals In New York, 1935-1960
In the decades around World War II, a number of abstract painters sought to âunframeâ their abstractions and expand them into wall-filling murals. This dissertation analyzes moments from the history of unframed abstraction during modernismâs rise and popularity in the United States, from ca. 1935 to ca. 1960, in and around New York. Scholars have generally treated such murals as large-scale paintings rather than murals; moreover, they have located American abstractionâs growing scale firmly in the postwar years. This dissertation revises these views by examining the rich history of abstract wall painting across the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, and situating the murals within the architectural, social, and institutional contexts of their sites. Installed on the walls of public houses, hospitals, private homes, and office buildings, these murals raised urgent questions about artâs place in daily life, abstractionâs relationship to decoration, and collaboration between architects and painters. Using archival sources and period literature, it reconstructs the spatial and visual logic of the murals, many of which are now lost or altered. It also draws on a growing interest in reception and consumption within studies of modern American art.
Arranged roughly chronologically, each chapter examines murals located in a different site type: the public institutions of the New Deal state, the pavilions of the 1939 Worldâs Fair, the 1940s home, and postwar commercial and civic buildings. The project situates the geometric abstractions of the American Abstract Artists within an ethos of community and social life, inculcated by the New Deal Art programs; compares painted and kinetic murals at the 1939 Fair to contemporary graphic design and exhibition display; explores Jackson Pollockâs murals within the decorative values of the upper-middle-class home; and shows how both the American Abstract Artists and the Abstract Expressionists benefitted from a boom in postwar building, which enabled the realization of ambitious murals for educational, religious, and corporate spaces. Together, the chapters offer a history of how abstraction functioned in the built environment at a time of tremendous change in American social and cultural life
Kant in English: An Index
Kant in English: An Index / By Daniel Fidel Ferrer.
©Daniel Fidel Ferrer, 2017. Pages 1 to 2675.
Includes bibliographical references. Index.
1. Ontology. 2. Metaphysics. 3. Philosophy, German. 4. Thought and thinking. 5. Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804. 6. Practice (Philosophy). 7. Philosophy and civilization. 8). Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 -- WoÌrterbuch. 9. Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 -- Concordances. 10. Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804 -- 1889-1976 â Indexes. I. Ferrer, Daniel Fidel, 1952-.
MOTTO
As a famous motto calls us back to Kant, Otto Liebmannâs writes
(Kant and His Epigones of 1865):
âAlso muss auf Kant zurĂŒckgegangen werden.â
âTherefore, must return to Kant.â
Table of Contents
1). Preface and Introduction.
2. Background on Kantâs Philosophy (hermeneutical historical situation).
3). Main Index (pages, 25 to 2676).
Preface and Introduction
Total words indexed: 58,928; for the 12 volumes that are in the MAIN INDEX are indexed: pages 1 to 7321. This monograph by Daniel Fidel Ferrer is 2676 pages in total.
The following is a machine index of 12 volumes written by Immanuel Kant and translated from German into English. Everything is indexed including the text, title pages, preface, notes, editorials, glossary, indexes, biographical notes, and even some typos. No stop words or words removed from this index. There are some German words in the text, bibliographies, and in the glossaries (also included in Main Index).
Titles in English of Kantâs writings for this index (pages 1 to 7321).
Anthropology, History, and Education
[Starts on page 1
Correspondence
[Starts on page 313
Critique of Pure Reason
[Starts page 971
Critique of the Power of Judgment
[Starts on page 1771
Lectures on Logic
[Starts on page 2247
Lectures on Metaphysics
[Starts on page 2991
Notes and Fragments
[Starts on page 3670
Opus Postumum
[Starts on page 4374
Practical Philosophy
[Starts on page 4741
Religion and Rational Theology
[Starts on page 5446
Theoretical Philosophy after 1781
[Starts on page 5990
Theoretical Philosophy, 1755-1770
[Starts on page 6541
Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens or An Essay on the Constitution and the Mechanical Origin of the Entire Structure of the Universe Based on Newtonian Principles
[Starts on page 7162
The whole single file which includes all of these books ends on page 7321. 12 volumes are pages 1 to 7321. These actual texts of these books by Kant are not include here because of copyright. This is only an index of these 7321 pages by Immanuel Kant. There are some German words in the text and in the glossaries, etc.
Searching this Main Index.
Please note the German words that start with umlauts are at the end of the index because of machine sorting of the words. Starting with the German word âĂeâ on page 2674 page of this book (see in Main Index). Use the FIND FUNCTION for all examples of the words or names you are searching.
Examples from the Main Index
mendacium, 5171, 5329, 5389
mendation, 220
mendax, 2702, 2800
mended, 360
Mendel, 416, 925, 965
Mendelian, 2212
Mendels, 345, 363, 417, 458, 560, 572, 588, 926, 928, 929
MENDELSSOHN, 925
Mendelssohn, 8, 9, 19, 98, 99, 100, 101
An Architecture of Industrialism: The Liddell Family of Ravensworth Castle, Gateshead, 1607-1808
This thesis presents an argument for the regionality of architectural functionality within an overarching "Georgian Order" of the eighteenth century British world. Following previous interpretations of such an order put forth by Leone (1988) and forwarded by Johnson to address English material culture (1993, 1996), the concept and character of a regional architecture for the emerging industrial centre of County Durham and Northumberland in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is explored through the close examination of a particular case study, namely the estate of the coal-owning Liddell family at Ravensworth Castle, Gateshead.
As a site no longer maintained by the landed family yet retaining key components of its early modern character, the critical analyses of the house, the wider estate, and its place within the landscape have necessitated the creation of a new methodology for the historical archaeology of buildings no longer extant, placing the sociopolitical and mercantile ventures and objectives of a particular family within their local and wider contexts. In this manner, estate landscapes may be understood as reflections of the specific objectives and circumstances of those acting upon them.
Following contextualisation of the site within the landscape of early modern industrial North East England, the scope of this model is drawn out to explore the nature and opening of Ă©lite housing culture by comparison with the colonial Chesapeake region. This comparison is particularly useful where an analogy is drawn between the concept of an open Ă©lite (Stone & Stone 1984) as applied to mainland English industrial capitalists (e.g. the Liddells and Bowes) and that of the emerging and later dominating planter class in the American colonies. It is in this placing of local history within its wider context where a regionality may be found and the functionality of dwelling in early modern period may be appreciated
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Interconnect optimizations for nanometer VLSI design
textAs the semiconductor technology scales into deeper sub-micron domain, billions of transistors can be used on a single system-on-chip (SOC) makes interconnection optimization more important roughly for two reasons. First, congestion, power, timing in routing and buffering requirements make inter- connection optimization more and more challenging. Second, gate delay get- ting shorter while the RC delay gets longer due to scaling. Study of interconnection construction and optimization algorithms in real industry flows and designs ends up with interesting findings. One used to be overlooked but very important and practical problem is how to utilize over- the-block routing resources intelligently. Routing over large IP blocks needs special attention as there is almost no way to insert buffers inside hard IP blocks, which can lead to unsolvable slew/timing violations. In current design flows we have seen, the routing resources over the IP blocks were either dealt as routing blockages leading to a significant waste, or simply treated in the same way as outside-the-block routing resources, which would violate the slew constraints and thus fail buffering. To handle that, this work proposes a novel buffering-aware over-the- block rectilinear Steiner minimum tree (BOB-RSMT) algorithm which helps reclaim the âwastedâ over-the-block routing resources while meeting user-specified slew constraints. Proposed algorithm incrementally and efficiently migrates initial tree structures with buffering-awareness to meet slew constraints while minimizing wire-length. Moreover, due to the fact that timing optimization is important for the VLSI design, in this work, timing-driven over-the-block rectilinear Steiner tree (TOB-RST) is also studied to optimize critical paths. This proposed TOB-RST algorithm can be used in routing or post-routing stage to provide high-quality topologies to help close timing. Then a follow-up problem emerges: how to accomplish the whole routing with over-the-block routing resources used properly. Utilizing over-the- block routing resources could dramatically improve the routing solution, yet require special attention, since the slew, affected by different RC on different metal layers, must be constrained by buffering and is easily violated. Moreover, even of all nets are slew-legalized, the routing solution could still suffer from heavy congestion problem. A new global router, BOB-Router, is to solve the over-the-block global routing problem through minimizing overflows, wire-length and via count simultaneously without violating slew constraints. Based on my completed works, BOB-RSMT and BOB-Router tremendously improve the overall routing and buffering quality. Experimental results show that proposed over-the-block rectilinear Steiner tree construction and routing completely satisfies the slew constraints and significantly outperforms the obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner tree construction and routing in terms of wire-length, via count and overflows.Electrical and Computer Engineerin