Power Consumption Analysis, Measurement, Management, and Issues:A State-of-the-Art Review of Smartphone Battery and Energy Usage

The advancement and popularity of smartphones have made it an essential and all-purpose device. But lack of advancement in battery technology has held back its optimum potential. Therefore, considering its scarcity, optimal use and efficient management of energy are crucial in a smartphone. For that, a fair understanding of a smartphone's energy consumption factors is necessary for both users and device manufacturers, along with other stakeholders in the smartphone ecosystem. It is important to assess how much of the device's energy is consumed by which components and under what circumstances. This paper provides a generalized, but detailed analysis of the power consumption causes (internal and external) of a smartphone and also offers suggestive measures to minimize the consumption for each factor. The main contribution of this paper is four comprehensive literature reviews on: 1) smartphone's power consumption assessment and estimation (including power consumption analysis and modelling); 2) power consumption management for smartphones (including energy-saving methods and techniques); 3) state-of-the-art of the research and commercial developments of smartphone batteries (including alternative power sources); and 4) mitigating the hazardous issues of smartphones' batteries (with a details explanation of the issues). The research works are further subcategorized based on different research and solution approaches. A good number of recent empirical research works are considered for this comprehensive review, and each of them is succinctly analysed and discussed

Knowledge Production from Social Networks Sites. Using Social Media Evidence in the Criminal Procedure

This thesis focuses on the interaction between social network sites (SNS) and the legal system, trying to answer a specific question, that is, through introducing social media evidence, whether there is a change of finding facts and identifying the truth in criminal proceedings. To achieve the research objectives, three sub-topics should be discussed in turn; first, how can we transform information on social network sites to valuable evidence in court? In this part, the research will explore the proceedings of extracting information on SNS, such as posts, photos, check-in on Facebook etc., in order to use as evidence in the courtroom from the perspectives of law and internet forensic. Second, considering characteristics of these social media evidence, e.g. easy to be copied, deleted, tampered and transmitted, is it necessary to separate from evidence obtained through other technology or forensic science? Should the legal system need a new set of regulation on social media evidence? Third, how can we conquer challenges to core values in legal system, such as the privilege against self-incrimination or expectation of innocent in this digital era? As the positive contribution, this research tries to answer whether social network sites are a convenient tool for criminal prosecution, and whether internet forensics is useful to assist the investigational authority accusing the crime and finding the truth more accurately, to achieve the ultimate goal of the criminal procedure