365 research outputs found

    Analysis of the Performance of IoT Networks in Acoustic Environment by using LZW Data Compression Technique

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    The Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced phenomenal growth, opening up a wide range of applications in many settings. Due to the properties of sound propagation, IoT networks operating in acoustic environments in particular present special difficulties. Data compression techniques can be used to minimize overhead and maximize resource utilization in these networks to increase performance. The performance of IoT networks in acoustic environments is examined in this study, with a focus on routing overhead, throughput, and typical end-to-end delay. Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) data compression is used to reduce data size and boost communication effectiveness. Three well-known protocols—MQTT, CoAP, and Machine-to-Machine (M2M)—are assessed in relation to acoustic Internet of Things networks. To mimic different acoustic conditions and collect performance metrics, a thorough experimental setup is used. Different network topologies, data speeds, and compression settings are used in the studies to determine how they affect the performance metrics. According to the analysis's findings, all three protocols' routing overhead is greatly decreased by the LZW data compression approach, which enhances network scalability and lowers energy usage. Additionally, the compressed data size has a positive impact on network throughput, allowing for effective data transmission in acoustic contexts with limited resources. Additionally, using LZW compression is seen to minimize the average end-to-end delay, improving real-time communication applications. This study advances knowledge of IoT networks operating in acoustic environments and the effects of data reduction methods on their functionality. The results offer useful information for network engineers and system designers to optimize the performance of IoT networks in similar situations. Additionally, a comparison of the MQTT, CoAP, and M2M protocols' suitability for acoustic IoT deployments is provided, assisting in the choice of protocol for particular application needs

    Exploring Broadband Enabled Smart eEnvironment: Wireless Sensor (Mesh) Network

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    This paper explored the emergent importance of the use sensors as complementary or as alternative to environmental sensing and monitoring, industrial monitoring, and surface explorations. Advances in wireless broadband technology have enabled the use Wireless Sensor (Mesh) Network (WSN), a type mobile ad hoc network (MANET), in all facet of human endeavor. As a next-generation wireless communication, which centered on energy savings, communication reliability, and security, WSN has increased our processing, sensing, and communications capabilities. Hence, this paper is an exploration of recent reliance on sensors as result of broadband enabled smart environment for activities, such as environmental and habitat monitory, military surveillance, target tracking, search and rescue, and logistical tracking and supply-chain management

    Average Load Distance (ALD) radio communication model for wireless sensor networks

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    The lifetime of network is one of the most critical issues that have to be considered in the application of wireless sensor networks. The network nodes are battery powered and remain operational as long as they can transmit the sensed data to the processing (sink) node. The main energy consumption of sensor node can be attributed to the task of data transmission to sink node or cluster head. Hence, conserving energy in transmitting data shall maximize functional life of the wireless networks. In this paper we proposed a computationally efficient Average Load Distance (ALD) communication model for forwarding data from sensor to the cluster head. Experiment results indicate that the proposed model can be up to 88% more efficient over direct mode of communication, in respect of per-round maximum energy consumption. An application study shows that ALD can save up to 89% of wireless sensor networks operational cost when compared to direct mode transmission

    A distributed approach to underwater acoustic communications

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    Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2003A novel distributed underwater acoustic networking (UAN) protocol suitable for ad-hoc deployments of both stationary and mobile nodes dispersed across a relatively wide coverage area is presented. Nodes are dynamically clustered in a distributed manner based on the estimated position of one-hop neighbor nodes within a shallow water environment. The spatial dynamic cellular clustering scheme allows scalable communication resource allocation and channel reuse similar in design to land-based cellular architectures, except devoid of the need for a centralized controlling infrastructure. Simulation results demonstrate that relatively high degrees of interference immunity, network connectivity, and network stability can be achieved despite the severe limitations of the underwater acoustic channel

    Recent Advances in Internet of Things Solutions for Early Warning Systems: A Review

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    none5noNatural disasters cause enormous damage and losses every year, both economic and in terms of human lives. It is essential to develop systems to predict disasters and to generate and disseminate timely warnings. Recently, technologies such as the Internet of Things solutions have been integrated into alert systems to provide an effective method to gather environmental data and produce alerts. This work reviews the literature regarding Internet of Things solutions in the field of Early Warning for different natural disasters: floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides. The aim of the paper is to describe the adopted IoT architectures, define the constraints and the requirements of an Early Warning system, and systematically determine which are the most used solutions in the four use cases examined. This review also highlights the main gaps in literature and provides suggestions to satisfy the requirements for each use case based on the articles and solutions reviewed, particularly stressing the advantages of integrating a Fog/Edge layer in the developed IoT architectures.openEsposito M.; Palma L.; Belli A.; Sabbatini L.; Pierleoni P.Esposito, M.; Palma, L.; Belli, A.; Sabbatini, L.; Pierleoni, P

    Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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    Guiding readers through the basics of these rapidly emerging networks to more advanced concepts and future expectations, Mobile Ad hoc Networks: Current Status and Future Trends identifies and examines the most pressing research issues in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Containing the contributions of leading researchers, industry professionals, and academics, this forward-looking reference provides an authoritative perspective of the state of the art in MANETs. The book includes surveys of recent publications that investigate key areas of interest such as limited resources and the mobility of mobile nodes. It considers routing, multicast, energy, security, channel assignment, and ensuring quality of service. Also suitable as a text for graduate students, the book is organized into three sections: Fundamentals of MANET Modeling and Simulation—Describes how MANETs operate and perform through simulations and models Communication Protocols of MANETs—Presents cutting-edge research on key issues, including MAC layer issues and routing in high mobility Future Networks Inspired By MANETs—Tackles open research issues and emerging trends Illustrating the role MANETs are likely to play in future networks, this book supplies the foundation and insight you will need to make your own contributions to the field. It includes coverage of routing protocols, modeling and simulations tools, intelligent optimization techniques to multicriteria routing, security issues in FHAMIPv6, connecting moving smart objects to the Internet, underwater sensor networks, wireless mesh network architecture and protocols, adaptive routing provision using Bayesian inference, and adaptive flow control in transport layer using genetic algorithms

    W-GUN: Whale Optimization for Energy and Delay centric Green Underwater Networks

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    Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) has witnessed significant R&D attention in both academia and industries due to its growing application domain such as border security, freight via sea or river, natural petroleum production, etc. Considering the deep underwater oriented access constraints, energy centric communication for lifetime maximization of tiny sensor nodes in UWSNs is one of the key research themes in this domain. Existing literature on green UWSNs are majorly adapted from the existing techniques in traditional wireless sensor network without giving much attention to the realistic impact of underwater network environments resulting in degraded performance. Towards this end, this paper presents an adapted whale optimization algorithm-based energy and delay centric green UWSNs framework (W-GUN). It focuses on exploiting dynamic underwater network characteristics by effectively utilizing underwater whale centric optimization in relay node selection. Firstly, an underwater relay- node optimization model is mathematically derived focusing on whale and wolf optimization algorithms for incorporating realistic underwater characteristics. Secondly, the optimization model is used to develop an adapted whale and grey wolf optimization algorithm. Thirdly, a complete work-flow of the W-GUN framework is presented with the optimization flowchart. The comparative performance evaluation attests the benefits of the proposed framework as compared to the state-of-the-art techniques considering various metrics related to underwater network environments

    Development of LoRaWAN-based Wireless Sensors for Monitoring Climate Changes in the Venice Lagoon

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    openLe aree costiere e le zone di hotspot della biodiversità litoranea, come le aree protette europee Natura 2000 e la laguna di Venezia, sono siti poco studiati a causa della loro diversità causata dalla conformazione molto eterogenea, inclusa l'intersezione di molti canali e fiumi che trasportano diversi tipi di sedimenti. I sistemi di campionamento attuali si basano su campagne periodiche di campionamento eseguite da operatori umani, che consentono solo la raccolta di un numero molto limitato di misurazioni nel tempo e nello spazio. In questo articolo presentiamo il primo prototipo di un dispositivo galleggiante a basso costo e wireless in grado di fornire misurazioni a un server a terra in tempo reale: il dispositivo, chiamato SENSWICH, è composto da un nodo LoRaWAN e un set completo di sensori di qualità dell'acqua, selezionati con l'aiuto dei ricercatori che operano presso la Stazione Idrobiologica Marina di Chioggia dell'Università di Padova, dove verrà installato il primo sensore.Coastal and littoral biodiversity hotspot areas, such as the European Natura 2000 protected areas and the Venice lagoon, are understudied sites due to their diversity caused by the very heterogeneous conformation, including the intersection of many channels and rivers carrying different types of sediments. The current sampling systems are based on periodic sampling campaigns performed by human operators, that only allow the collection of a very limited number of measurements in time and space. In this paper we present the first prototype of a low-cost wireless sensing floating device able to provide measurements to an in-land server in real time: the device, named SENSWICH, is composed of a LoRaWAN node and a complete set of water quality sensors, selected with the help of the researchers operating in the Chioggia Marine Hydrobiological Station of the University of Padova, where the first sensor will be deployed

    Data Gathering in UWA Sensor Networks : Practical Considerations and Lessons from Sea Trials

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    Underwater acoustic (UWA) network protocol design is a challenging task due to several factors, such as slow propagation of acoustic waves, low frequency bandwidth and high bit error and frame error rates often encountered in real UWA environments. In this paper, we consider the design of a robust and scalable data gathering protocol for UWA sensor networks (UASNs), focusing on practical considerations and lessons learnt from multiple lake and sea trials. A cross-layer protocol is presented that integrates a network discovery process, intelligent routing, scheduling via Transmit Delay Allocation MAC (TDA-MAC) and multi-node Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), to facilitate reliable data gathering in practical UASN deployments. Furthermore, this paper presents the details of a novel experimental testbed and underwater sensor node prototype that were used for the trials reported in this study. Based on the results of the trials, important conclusions are drawn on the protocol features required to achieve reliable networked communication in realistic UWA environments. The insights gained from the trials are valuable both for further development of the proposed data gathering protocol, and for the wider UWA networking research community concerned with developing practical solutions for real-world UASN deployments
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