Models Needed to Assist in the Development of a National Fiber Supply Strategy for the 21st Century: Report of a Workshop

This discussion paper reports on a Workshop on Wood Fiber Supply Modeling held October 3-4, 1996 in Washington, DC. The purpose of this discussion paper is to provide an overview of some of the modeling work being done related to timber supply modeling and some of the issues related to the more useful application of wood fiber supply and projections models. This paper includes brief presentations of three commonly used long-term timber projections and forecasting models: the Timber Assessment Market Model (TAMM) of the Forest Service; the Cintrafor Global Trade Model (CGTM) of the University of Washington; and the Timber Supply Model (TSM) of Resources for the Future. Also, issues related to the useful of the models are addressed as well as a discussion of some applications of other timber or fiber projection models. The usefulness of the models are addressed from both a technical perspective and also from the perspective of their usefulness to various model users.

The chemical pulp mill as a flexible prosumer of electricity

Chemical pulp mills act as industrial-scale prosumers of energy, in that they demand heat and electricity for the production processes while supplying heat and electricity from the combustion of by-products. As such, they have potential relevance as providers of flexibility to the electricity system, supporting the integration of variable renewable electricity generation. In this study, a novel dispatch optimisation model is presented and applied to a generic mill, covering the production processes, boilers, and turbines, together with the associated storage of intermediate products. We analyse the trade in electricity between the mill and the central grid, the economic value of pulp mill flexibility, and the internal dynamics of the mill, when flexibility measures in different parts of the mill are combined. The results show that the suggested flexibility measures increase the amount of sold electricity during high-value hours and reduce the amount of sold electricity during low-value hours. In the present electricity market, the value of the electricity traded with the central grid is, thereby, increased by 1–8% compared to steady-state operation, without impacting the pulp production volume. The results reveal both synergies and conflicts between the different flexibility measures, underlining the importance of mill-wide optimisation

Systems Analysis in Forestry and Forest Industries

The purpose of this book is to present a variety of articles revealing the state of the art of applications of systems analysis techniques to problems of the forest sector. Such applications cover a vast range of issues in forestry and the forest industry. They include the dynamics of the forest ecosystem, optimal forest management, the roundwood market, forest industrial strategy, regional and national forest sector policy as well as international trade in forest products. Forest industrial applications at mill level, such as optimal paper trimming, cutting, and production scheduling, are however, excluded

Transportation Optimization Model Of Palm Oil Products For Northern Peninsular Malaysia.

Dalam tesis ini, model matematik pemprograman integer telah dibangunkan untuk menyelesaikan masalah pengangkutan minyak sawit mentah dan isirong sawit di Utara Semenanjung Malaysia. In this thesis, integer mathematical programming models were developed to solve the crude palm oil (CPO) and the palm kernel (PK) transportation problems for northern peninsular Malaysia

In Our Nature: Sustainability Year In Review 2014

This publication covers International Paper's sustainability progress highlights for calendar year 2014. We report against the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) key performance indicators in the areas of economic, environmental, and social performance "In Accordance" with the G4 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines Core level

Tennessee\u27s Kenaf Market Potential as a Feedstock in the Production of Paper

The goal of this study was to assess the production feasibility and market potential of using kenaf as a feedstock for paper production in Tennessee. This thesis 1) evaluates the potential for growing this crop in Tennessee by comparing the cost and return and the break-even price for kenaf with soybean, corn, cotton and wheat, 2) identifies potential suitable production areas in the state of Tennessee, 3) analyzes the marketing opportunities that could have developed for kenaf at a price that growers would be willing to produce it, 4) identifies potential kenaf marketing structure and marketing channels, and 5) identifies potential marketing problems of kenaf. The economic feasibility of kenaf in Tennessee was evaluated using simulation, budgeting and sensitivity analysis. EPIC simulations were conducted for kenaf along with the dominant crops for 202 Tennessee soil types and 18 nitrogen levels. Quadratic plus plateau response functions were estimated. Profit-maximizing nitrogen fertilization rates and yields were identified for each soil using these quadratic response functions. Finally, the marketing of kenaf was assessed using the Strategic Marketing Management to analyze marketing potential of kenaf. Results showed that kenaf is economically feasible to produce in some regions in Tennessee at a nitrogen price of $0.38/lb and a kenaf price of$55 per ton. The net returns to land and management vary across regions. The average lowest net return to land and management obtained was $60.22 per acre while the highest was$150.04 per acre. Average breakeven prices1 ranged from $19.75 to$74.69 per ton. Analysis revealed that kenaf was not sensitive to changes in nitrogen prices across regions. Increasing (decreasing) the nitrogen price to 5%, 15% and 25%, profitability decreased (increased) by only 3%, 7% and 13%. Nevertheless, kenaf was sensitive to changes in output prices. Varying the price below and above 5%, 15% and 25% profitability decreased (increased) by 21%, 54% and 90%. Market structure of kenaf resembles that of small monopoly and monopsony at the production side because there is no open market. The “chicken or egg” dilemma was a major problem to commercialization. Without established market, kenaf is riskier to produce than dominant crops. However, cooperative contract growing reduces marketing risks. This study will aid producers, cooperatives prospective investors and policy development planners in making investment decisions in the future