1,682 research outputs found
Semantically Informed Multiview Surface Refinement
We present a method to jointly refine the geometry and semantic segmentation
of 3D surface meshes. Our method alternates between updating the shape and the
semantic labels. In the geometry refinement step, the mesh is deformed with
variational energy minimization, such that it simultaneously maximizes
photo-consistency and the compatibility of the semantic segmentations across a
set of calibrated images. Label-specific shape priors account for interactions
between the geometry and the semantic labels in 3D. In the semantic
segmentation step, the labels on the mesh are updated with MRF inference, such
that they are compatible with the semantic segmentations in the input images.
Also, this step includes prior assumptions about the surface shape of different
semantic classes. The priors induce a tight coupling, where semantic
information influences the shape update and vice versa. Specifically, we
introduce priors that favor (i) adaptive smoothing, depending on the class
label; (ii) straightness of class boundaries; and (iii) semantic labels that
are consistent with the surface orientation. The novel mesh-based
reconstruction is evaluated in a series of experiments with real and synthetic
data. We compare both to state-of-the-art, voxel-based semantic 3D
reconstruction, and to purely geometric mesh refinement, and demonstrate that
the proposed scheme yields improved 3D geometry as well as an improved semantic
segmentation
Multi-View Deep Learning for Consistent Semantic Mapping with RGB-D Cameras
Visual scene understanding is an important capability that enables robots to
purposefully act in their environment. In this paper, we propose a novel
approach to object-class segmentation from multiple RGB-D views using deep
learning. We train a deep neural network to predict object-class semantics that
is consistent from several view points in a semi-supervised way. At test time,
the semantics predictions of our network can be fused more consistently in
semantic keyframe maps than predictions of a network trained on individual
views. We base our network architecture on a recent single-view deep learning
approach to RGB and depth fusion for semantic object-class segmentation and
enhance it with multi-scale loss minimization. We obtain the camera trajectory
using RGB-D SLAM and warp the predictions of RGB-D images into ground-truth
annotated frames in order to enforce multi-view consistency during training. At
test time, predictions from multiple views are fused into keyframes. We propose
and analyze several methods for enforcing multi-view consistency during
training and testing. We evaluate the benefit of multi-view consistency
training and demonstrate that pooling of deep features and fusion over multiple
views outperforms single-view baselines on the NYUDv2 benchmark for semantic
segmentation. Our end-to-end trained network achieves state-of-the-art
performance on the NYUDv2 dataset in single-view segmentation as well as
multi-view semantic fusion.Comment: the 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and
Systems (IROS 2017
Data-driven modelling of biological multi-scale processes
Biological processes involve a variety of spatial and temporal scales. A
holistic understanding of many biological processes therefore requires
multi-scale models which capture the relevant properties on all these scales.
In this manuscript we review mathematical modelling approaches used to describe
the individual spatial scales and how they are integrated into holistic models.
We discuss the relation between spatial and temporal scales and the implication
of that on multi-scale modelling. Based upon this overview over
state-of-the-art modelling approaches, we formulate key challenges in
mathematical and computational modelling of biological multi-scale and
multi-physics processes. In particular, we considered the availability of
analysis tools for multi-scale models and model-based multi-scale data
integration. We provide a compact review of methods for model-based data
integration and model-based hypothesis testing. Furthermore, novel approaches
and recent trends are discussed, including computation time reduction using
reduced order and surrogate models, which contribute to the solution of
inference problems. We conclude the manuscript by providing a few ideas for the
development of tailored multi-scale inference methods.Comment: This manuscript will appear in the Journal of Coupled Systems and
Multiscale Dynamics (American Scientific Publishers
Top Quark Mass Measurements at CDF
The mass of the top quark M_top is interesting both as a fundamental
parameter of the standard model and as an important input to precision
electroweak tests. The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) has a robust program
of top quark mass analyses, including the most precise single measurement,
M_top = 173.4 +/- 2.8 GeV/c^2, using 680 pb^-1 of ppbar collision data. A
combination of current results from CDF gives M_top = 172.0 +/- 2.7 GeV/c^2,
surpassing the stated goal of 3 GeV/c^2 precision using 2 fb^-1 of data.
Finally, a combination with current D0 results gives a world average top quark
mass of 172.5 +/- 2.3 GeV/c^2.Comment: 8 pages, Contribution to Proceedings of the 41st Rencontres de
Moriond: Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories, La Thuile, Italy,
11-18 March 200
The heuristic conception of inference to the best explanation
An influential suggestion about the relationship between Bayesianism and inference to the best explanation holds that IBE functions as a heuristic to approximate Bayesian reasoning. While this view promises to unify Bayesianism and IBE in a very attractive manner, important elements of the view have not yet been spelled out in detail. I present and argue for a heuristic conception of IBE on which IBE serves primarily to locate the most probable available explanatory hypothesis to serve as a working hypothesis in an agent’s further investigations. Along the way, I criticize what I consider to be an overly ambitious conception of the heuristic role of IBE, according to which IBE serves as a guide to absolute probability values. My own conception, by contrast, requires only that IBE can function as a guide to the comparative probability values of available hypotheses. This is shown to be a much more realistic role for IBE given the nature and limitations of the explanatory considerations with which IBE operates
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