1,980 research outputs found

    "It's not a career": Platform work among young people aged 16-19

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    In the online gig economy, or platform work as it is sometimes known, work can be organised through websites and smartphone apps. People can drive for Uber or Deliveroo, sell items on eBay or Etsy, or rent their properties on Airbnb. This research examines the views of young people between the ages of 16 and 19 in the United Kingdom to see whether they knew about the online gig economy, whether they were using it already to earn money, and whether they expected to use it for their careers. It discovers careers professionals’ levels of knowledge, and their ability (and desire) to include the gig economy in their professional practice. This research contributes to discussions about what constitutes decent work, and whether it can be found within the online gig economy. The results point to ways in which careers practice could include platform work as a means of extending young people’s knowledge about alternative forms of work. This study also makes a theoretical contribution to literature, bringing together elements of careership, cognitive schema theory, and motivational theory and psychology of working theory, in a novel combination, to explain how young people were thinking about platform work in the context of their careers

    Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

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    Knowledge Representation and Reasoning is a central, longstanding, and active area of Artificial Intelligence. Over the years it has evolved significantly; more recently it has been challenged and complemented by research in areas such as machine learning and reasoning under uncertainty. In July 2022 a Dagstuhl Perspectives workshop was held on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. The goal of the workshop was to describe the state of the art in the field, including its relation with other areas, its shortcomings and strengths, together with recommendations for future progress. We developed this manifesto based on the presentations, panels, working groups, and discussions that took place at the Dagstuhl Workshop. It is a declaration of our views on Knowledge Representation: its origins, goals, milestones, and current foci; its relation to other disciplines, especially to Artificial Intelligence; and on its challenges, along with key priorities for the next decade

    AI: Limits and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence

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    The emergence of artificial intelligence has triggered enthusiasm and promise of boundless opportunities as much as uncertainty about its limits. The contributions to this volume explore the limits of AI, describe the necessary conditions for its functionality, reveal its attendant technical and social problems, and present some existing and potential solutions. At the same time, the contributors highlight the societal and attending economic hopes and fears, utopias and dystopias that are associated with the current and future development of artificial intelligence

    Interdisciplinarity in Teacher Education: A mixed-methods study exploring prospective teachers' perceptions and experiences with interdisciplinarity.

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    This thesis takes a mixed-methods approach to hear how prospective teachers understand and experience interdisciplinarity in their teacher education. Interdisciplinarity is a resurgent phenomenon in education, with society demanding innovation to solve complex problems. In the recent Norwegian curriculum reform, LK20, three interdisciplinary themes have been introduced, expected to span the entire pedagogical discourse. This has been problematic, with a lack of thorough implementation in curriculum documents and teachers feeling uncertain. Prospective teachers have the opportunity to enter the profession with interdisciplinary integrative ability. However, in this study, prospective teachers report little experience with interdisciplinarity in university and while they meet more interdisciplinarity in praxis, there is a lack of authentic experiences and confident role models. Furthermore, the informants claim an increased focus on subject-specialization, a lack of program coherence and explicit didactics in their teacher education means they are unprepared for the forced interdisciplinarity required in schools. This thesis proposes a profession-oriented, generalist teacher education program with explicit focus on didactics and interdisciplinarity which aims to increase teacher preparedness, professional autonomy and program coherence. Denne oppgaven tar en mixed-methods tilnærming for å høre hvordan fremtidige lærere forstår og opplever tverrfaglighet i lærerutdanningen. Tverrfaglighet er et gjenoppstått fenomen i utdanning, der samfunnet krever innovasjon for å løse komplekse problemer. I den nyligste norske læreplanreformen, LK20, er det introdusert tre tverrfaglige temaer som forventes å gjennomsyre over hele den pedagogiske diskursen. Dette har vært problematisk, med manglende gjennomføring i læreplandokumentene og lærere har følt seg usikre. Potensielle lærere har mulighet til å gå inn i yrket med tverrfaglig integreringsevne. Men i dette studiet rapporterer fremtidige lærere lite erfaring med tverrfaglighet på universitetet og mens de møter oftere tverrfaglighet i praksis, mangler de autentiske tverrfaglig opplevelser og selvsikre rollemodeller. Videre hevder informantene økt fokus på fagspesialisering, manglende programsammenheng og eksplisitt didaktikk i lærerutdanningen gjør at de ikke er forberedt på den tvungne tverrfagligheten som kreves i skolen. Denne oppgaven foreslår et profesjonsrettet, "generalist" lærerutdanningsprogram med eksplisitt fokus på didaktikk og tverrfaglighet som har som mål å øke lærerberedskap, profesjonelle autonomi og programkoherens. Keywords: interdisciplinary, cross-curricular, tverrfaglig, teacher education, lærerutdanning, student perspective, interdisciplinarity, program coherence, integrative, LK20, interdisciplinary tertiary education, transformative, koherens, multidisciplinar

    Policy, provision and practice: a comparative study of employment support programmes between Scotland and England

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    Abstract The purpose of this thesis was to conduct a comparative study of employability support programmes in England and Scotland, which explores policy, provision, and practices. Specifically, the study focused on the Work and Health Programme in England and Fair Start Scotland, introduced in 2018, both of which are voluntary programmes and outsourced to external organisations. The interpretivist and qualitative approach employed in the study involved analysing the policies, provision, and practice of these programmes. An analytical framework was developed to compare the programme structures, alongside the application of Street Level Bureaucracy theory. To further explore the influence of policy, semi-structured interviews were conducted with frontline workers to understand their experiences and perspectives. The findings of this study demonstrate that the employability support programmes in Scotland and England provide personalised support through a similar participant journey. However, significant differences exist between the two countries in terms of governance, programme length, procurement, and remuneration. The minimum service standards set by both governments have a notable impact on the participant journey, with frontline advisers exhibiting varying levels of autonomy and accountability. The study also reveals that the minimum service standards influence the provision of personalised support, leading to frustration and resistance among some frontline advisers due to increased bureaucracy that diluted personalisation. While both programmes utilise Capability and Human Capital Development approaches, the length of the programmes may not adequately address complex health conditions and fail to recognise alternative contributions beyond paid employment. This study is original in its examination of employability support programmes in two countries with a shared national welfare strategy but separate programmes, addressing a research gap. It contributes to existing literature by providing an in-depth exploration of the policies, provision and practices of employment support programmes. Furthermore, it contributes to understanding the experiences of non-traditional Street Level Bureaucrats, adding to the debates surrounding the challenges of providing public services in a non-public sector domain

    Understanding Patient Learning in a Stroke Rehabilitation Setting: An Ethnographic Exploration

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    Background and purpose: Learning is fundamental to recovery following stroke but little is known about how stroke survivors learn in the rehabilitation setting, how learning contexts are communicated and what impact they have on engagement with rehabilitation. This research used ethnographic methods to explore learning and being a learner in rehabilitation. / Methods: Study 1: A meta-ethnography to synthesise research on patients’ perceptions of education and teaching on engagement with, and adherence to, independent therapy-based practice. Study 2: An ethnography with observation and shared conversations to explore learning within a neurorehabilitation setting in the early to late subacute stages post stroke. / Findings: Study 1: Synthesis from 18 papers resulted in three interrelated themes focussing on the person as learner, the therapist as teacher, and the guidance received. Teaching and learning in the prescription of independent therapy-based exercises were found to be interdependent. Practice that considers one without the other may have a negative impact on outcomes. Study 2: Observation over 53 days and serial conversations with 14 stroke survivors showed that recovery involved a complex process of new learning. Stroke survivors looked for alignment between the teaching they received and what they expected and wanted to learn. Coherence between teaching and learning positively impacted rehabilitation engagement and emotional well-being. / Conclusion: This study has improved understanding of learning from the perspective of stroke survivors and advanced the theory of learning in neurorehabilitation. Findings suggest that engagement with learning activities such as rehabilitation-based practice may be compromised when there is a mismatch between patients’ learning expectations and clinicians’ planned content. An openly inviting, visible and unifying rehabilitation curriculum that aligns expectations and delivery may enhance engagement. The concept of a rehabilitation curriculum is new and requires further exploration and development to determine its value within practice

    What are the key multidimensional success criteria required for reducing LCOE through digital transformation in offshore wind farms?

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    Formålet med denne studien er å undersøke de flerdimensjonale suksesskriteriene som er avgjørende for å redusere energikostnaden også kjent som Levlized cost of Energy (LCOE) gjennom digital transformasjon innenfor offshore vind prosjekter. For å besvare problemstilling vil studien sette søkelys på fire underspørsmål som omhandler: (1) For å sikre operational excellence og tilpasning til FNs bærekraftsmål gjennom digital transformasjon: Hvilke suksessfaktorer må være på plass? (2) Er data tilgjengelig for bruk til den digital transformasjon? (3) Hvordan kan man muliggjør optimal Grid Integration av vindparken? (4) Kan man utnytte digitale verktøy for å redusere LCOE i en havvindpark? Studien fremhever den uunnværlige rollen av teknologi i form av digitale verktøy og data, som spiller som katalysatorer for å styrke operasjonell effektivitet og maksimere verdiskaping i offshore vindenergisektoren. Studien er gjennomført som kvalitativ Case-studier analyse i form av ti individuelle dybdeintervjuer med deltakere fra ulike selskaper i verdikjeden til offshore vind industri. Studien undersøker den betydelige påvirkningen FNs bærekraftsmål har på utviklingen av offshore vindprosjekter, samt den vitale rollen operational excellence har for å lykkes. Den vurderer om offshore vind industrien er klar for Industri 5.0, dens evne til å redusere LCOE, og dens innflytelse på sektorens fremtid. Funnene understreker betydningen av tilgjengelig data, optimalisert effektivitet, og bruk av sanntidsdata for å forbedre sikkerhet, bærekraft og effektiv energiproduksjon i vindparker. Videre dykker studien ned i implementeringen av digital transformasjon, og viser til hvordan digitale verktøy og automatisering, sammen med menneskelig inngripen, driver informert beslutningstaking. Funnene legger vekt på nødvendigheten av datasamarbeid, kunnskapsdeling, og kompetent personell for å fremme industriell vekst, samtidig som det opprettholdes en balanse mellom kompleksitet og kompetanse, og utforsker avansert digital tvilling-teknologi og hvordan det kan påvirke i redusering av LCOE. Studien tilbyr verdifull innsikt for interessenter og hjelper til med å håndtere utfordringer og muligheter i digital transformasjon av offshore vindparker. Den fremhever offshore vinindustriens avgjørende rolle i utviklingen av renere, effektive energisystemer, og støtter en bærekraftig og fremgangsrik fremtid.This purpose of this study is to thoroughly examine the multidimensional success criteria crucial in reducing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) through digital transformation within the context of offshore wind farm projects. To help answer the research question, this study will focus on four preliminary research questions: (1) To ensure Operational Excellence and Alignment with UN SDGs through Digital Transformation: What success factors need to be in place? (2) Is Data available to be used to enable Digital Transformation? (3) How do you enable optimal Grid Integration of the wind park? (4) Can you leverage digital tools to reduce LCOE in an offshore wind farm? The research spotlights the indispensable role of technology in form of digital tools and data, as catalysts for bolstering operational efficiency and maximizing value creation in the offshore wind energy sector. The study has been carried out as a qualitative case study analysis in the form of ten individual in-depth interviews with participants from various companies in the value chain of the offshore wind industry. The study investigates the substantial impact of United Nations (UN) sustainability goals on offshore wind project development and the vital role of operational excellence. It evaluates the industry's preparedness for Industry 5.0, its capacity to reduce LCOE, and its influence on the sector's future. The research and findings underscore the significance of accessible data, optimized efficiency, and real-time data utilization to enhance safety, sustainability, and energy production in wind farms. Additionally, the research delves into Industry 5.0's implementation, demonstrating how digital tools and automation, combined with human input, drive informed decision-making. The findings emphasize the necessity for data collaboration, knowledge sharing, and skilled personnel to foster industry growth while maintaining a balance between complexity and competence and explores advanced digital twin technology and how it can influence in reducing LCOE. The study offers valuable insights for stakeholders and aids in addressing challenges and opportunities in offshore wind farm digital transformation. It accentuates the offshore wind industry's pivotal role in advancing cleaner, efficient energy systems, promoting a sustainable and prosperous future
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