3,734 research outputs found

    Resolving Social Inhibition During Emotion-Focused Therapy for Depression: A Task Analytic Discovery

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    The aim of this study was to create a model of the resolution of social inhibition (SI) during emotion-focused therapy (EFT; Greenberg et al., 1993) for depression. Employing the steps of the discovery phase of a task analysis (Greenberg, 2007), a rational model of the resolution of SI was first developed. Client markers of SI were also conjectured. Following this, performances of the resolution and non-resolution of SI over a course of EFT therapy for depression were observed, using archival data of six clients from clinical trials of EFT for depression (Greenberg & Watson, 1998; Goldman et al., 2006). Resolution was defined as having an SI score on the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (Horowitz et al., 1988) in the normal range, as indicated by norms, at 18-month follow-up post therapy. The empirical observations were then synthetized with the rational model to create a final rational-empirical model outlining the resolution of SI. The final model identified 6 components: (1) SI Markers; (2) Maladaptive shame and fear expressed by the client’s inhibited self; (3) Client connects SI Agent to painful past original source; (4) A power shift that results in an overcoming of the part of client that perpetuates SI (through expression of assertive anger and hurt/grief, needs for support and acceptance, and deservingness of needs); (5) Client is willing to take risks despite potential hurt/grief; and (6) Increased expression of self-assertion. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are considered. Limitations and future research directions are discussed

    International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022

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    This conference proceedings gathers work and research presented at the International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022 (IASSC2022) held on July 3, 2022, in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The conference was jointly organized by the Faculty of Information Management of Universiti Teknologi MARA Kelantan Branch, Malaysia; University of Malaya, Malaysia; Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia; Universitas Ngudi Waluyo, Indonesia; Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Philippines; and UCSI University, Malaysia. Featuring experienced keynote speakers from Malaysia, Australia, and England, this proceeding provides an opportunity for researchers, postgraduate students, and industry practitioners to gain knowledge and understanding of advanced topics concerning digital transformations in the perspective of the social sciences and information systems, focusing on issues, challenges, impacts, and theoretical foundations. This conference proceedings will assist in shaping the future of the academy and industry by compiling state-of-the-art works and future trends in the digital transformation of the social sciences and the field of information systems. It is also considered an interactive platform that enables academicians, practitioners and students from various institutions and industries to collaborate

    Expectations and expertise in artificial intelligence: specialist views and historical perspectives on conceptualisation, promise, and funding

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    Artificial intelligence’s (AI) distinctiveness as a technoscientific field that imitates the ability to think went through a resurgence of interest post-2010, attracting a flood of scientific and popular expectations as to its utopian or dystopian transformative consequences. This thesis offers observations about the formation and dynamics of expectations based on documentary material from the previous periods of perceived AI hype (1960-1975 and 1980-1990, including in-between periods of perceived dormancy), and 25 interviews with UK-based AI specialists, directly involved with its development, who commented on the issues during the crucial period of uncertainty (2017-2019) and intense negotiation through which AI gained momentum prior to its regulation and relatively stabilised new rounds of long-term investment (2020-2021). This examination applies and contributes to longitudinal studies in the sociology of expectations (SoE) and studies of experience and expertise (SEE) frameworks, proposing a historical sociology of expertise and expectations framework. The research questions, focusing on the interplay between hype mobilisation and governance, are: (1) What is the relationship between AI practical development and the broader expectational environment, in terms of funding and conceptualisation of AI? (2) To what extent does informal and non-developer assessment of expectations influence formal articulations of foresight? (3) What can historical examinations of AI’s conceptual and promissory settings tell about the current rebranding of AI? The following contributions are made: (1) I extend SEE by paying greater attention to the interplay between technoscientific experts and wider collective arenas of discourse amongst non-specialists and showing how AI’s contemporary research cultures are overwhelmingly influenced by the hype environment but also contribute to it. This further highlights the interaction between competing rationales focusing on exploratory, curiosity-driven scientific research against exploitation-oriented strategies at formal and informal levels. (2) I suggest benefits of examining promissory environments in AI and related technoscientific fields longitudinally, treating contemporary expectations as historical products of sociotechnical trajectories through an authoritative historical reading of AI’s shifting conceptualisation and attached expectations as a response to availability of funding and broader national imaginaries. This comes with the benefit of better perceiving technological hype as migrating from social group to social group instead of fading through reductionist cycles of disillusionment; either by rebranding of technical operations, or by the investigation of a given field by non-technical practitioners. It also sensitises to critically examine broader social expectations as factors for shifts in perception about theoretical/basic science research transforming into applied technological fields. Finally, (3) I offer a model for understanding the significance of interplay between conceptualisations, promising, and motivations across groups within competing dynamics of collective and individual expectations and diverse sources of expertise

    Theorizing teaching: current status and open issues

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    Presents practical implications for teaching and educating teachers. Examines systematically the issue of theorizing teaching. Enables collective thinking about issues that are of paramount importance in the field. This book is open access, which means that you have free and unlimited access

    Endogenous measures for contextualising large-scale social phenomena: a corpus-based method for mediated public discourse

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    This work presents an interdisciplinary methodology for developing endogenous measures of group membership through analysis of pervasive linguistic patterns in public discourse. Focusing on political discourse, this work critiques the conventional approach to the study of political participation, which is premised on decontextualised, exogenous measures to characterise groups. Considering the theoretical and empirical weaknesses of decontextualised approaches to large-scale social phenomena, this work suggests that contextualisation using endogenous measures might provide a complementary perspective to mitigate such weaknesses. This work develops a sociomaterial perspective on political participation in mediated discourse as affiliatory action performed through language. While the affiliatory function of language is often performed consciously (such as statements of identity), this work is concerned with unconscious features (such as patterns in lexis and grammar). This work argues that pervasive patterns in such features that emerge through socialisation are resistant to change and manipulation, and thus might serve as endogenous measures of sociopolitical contexts, and thus of groups. In terms of method, the work takes a corpus-based approach to the analysis of data from the Twitter messaging service whereby patterns in users’ speech are examined statistically in order to trace potential community membership. The method is applied in the US state of Michigan during the second half of 2018—6 November having been the date of midterm (i.e. non-Presidential) elections in the United States. The corpus is assembled from the original posts of 5,889 users, who are nominally geolocalised to 417 municipalities. These users are clustered according to pervasive language features. Comparing the linguistic clusters according to the municipalities they represent finds that there are regular sociodemographic differentials across clusters. This is understood as an indication of social structure, suggesting that endogenous measures derived from pervasive patterns in language may indeed offer a complementary, contextualised perspective on large-scale social phenomena

    Law, bioethics and society: Jewish and Islamic approaches to fertility treatments and human germline genome editing

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    In 2018, the Chinese biophysicist He Jiankui announced the birth of the first genetically modified babies; this broke an international moratorium. When the Russian biologist Denis Rebriko reported similar intentions, ethicists and legislators began working with an increased sense of urgency towards a global framework to define the limits of Human Germline Genome Editing (HGGE). This is because HGGE poses concerns for the safety of future generations, and reproductive tourism has the potential to undermine the legislation of any one country. Whilst secular international bioethics councils aim to find global consensus on this matter, religious jurists and bioethicists, though influential in their own communities, are not necessarily part of the same international debate. The thesis proposes that the influence of religious law is considerable on societies, legislation and on fertility practices, especially in Israel and the Muslim Middle East, so the inclusion of religious legal viewpoints is an important aspect of any global consensus on bioethical issues. In Judaism and Islam the field of bioethics is a subcategory of contemporary religious law. As the legal narratives of Jewish law (Halakha) and Islamic law (Shari’a) are complex, the legal reasoning and influence of religious jurists has to be understood within their religious paradigm if they are to be successful integrated in the international debate. The thesis investigates the process by which contemporary Orthodox Jewish and Muslim jurists engage with the bioethical questions of reproductive medicine in general in order to understand their specific response to the potential permissibility of HGGE. It enquires how the religious legal systems have already adapted to reproductive technologies and how the legislation of fertility treatments in Israel and the Muslim Middle East incorporates the values and legal guidelines of Halakha (Jewish law) and Shari’a (Muslim law). The thesis is divided into three parts. Parts I and II introduce the mechanisms by which Halakha and Shari’a respectively engage with new legal cases as a result of medical and scientific advancements and then explore the sociological context of applied Jewish and Muslim bioethics in the Middle East. Part III charts the development of the key legal debates concerning fertility treatments from the late twentieth century onwards in Orthodox Judaism and in Islam. It focuses on three reproductive technologies: 1.) Artificial Insemination with Donor sperm (AID) 2.) In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) and 3.) Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD). It finds that the legal opinions of prominent jurists in the late 20th century set precedents for all subsequent debates in both religious legal traditions including the current debate about the permissibility of HGGE. This evolving engagement of scientists and religious jurists demonstrates how Halakha and Shari’a both have normative legal principles that are rooted in the Torah, the Qur’an and in the wider scriptural tradition in both faiths. Legitimate conception and lineage retain their central importance in all debates about fertility treatments. However, the legal traditions have adapted significantly in the face of emerging reproductive medicine and the wider societal and ethical implications for the rights of the parent and the child. Finally, this research studies the rapid acceptance of genetic screening programs in Israel and the Middle East and highlights the different approaches to the genetic improvement of societies. It finds a religious narrative which endorses the deselection of pre-embryos as an ethical alternative to abortion and explores how this may impact future debates about the permissibility of HGGE. Given this context it becomes apparent how Jewish and Muslim jurists debate the fundamental questions about the creation of human life and why their divergent legal judgements, which are generated for the moral good of their respective societies, matter in the global debate

    LIPIcs, Volume 274, ESA 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 274, ESA 2023, Complete Volum

    Fintech Competition: Law, Policy, and Market Organisation

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    This open access book is the first to systematically explore competition policy in fintech markets. Drawing from the expertise of law scholars, economists, and social and natural scientists from the EU and the US, this edited collection explores the competitive dynamics, market organisation, and competition law application in fintech markets
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