7,120 research outputs found

    Electronic Employment Eligibility Verification

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    [Excerpt] Unauthorized immigration and unauthorized employment continue to be key issues in the ongoing debate over immigration policy. Today’s discussions about these issues build on the work of prior Congresses. In 1986, following many years of debate about unauthorized immigration to the United States, Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). This law sought to address unauthorized immigration, in part, by requiring all employers to examine documents presented by new hires to verify identity and work authorization and to complete and retain employment eligibility verification (I 9) forms. Ten years later, in the face of a growing unauthorized population, Congress attempted to strengthen the employment verification process by establishing pilot programs for electronic verification, as part of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA). The Basic Pilot program (known today as E Verify), the first of the three IIRIRA employment verification pilots to be implemented and the only one still in operation, began in November 1997. Originally scheduled to terminate in November 2001, it has been extended several times. It is currently authorized until September 30, 2018, in accordance with the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115 141). E Verify is administered by the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS’s) U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). As of April 2, 2018, there were 779,722 employers enrolled in E Verify, representing more than 2.5 million hiring sites. E Verify is a largely voluntary program, but there are some mandatory participation requirements. Among them is a rule, which became effective in 2009, requiring certain federal contracts to contain a new clause committing contractors to use E Verify. Under E Verify, participating employers enter information about their new hires (name, date of birth, Social Security number, immigration/citizenship status, and alien number, if applicable) into an online system. This information is automatically compared with information in Social Security Administration and, if necessary, DHS databases to verify identity and employment eligibility. Legislation on electronic employment eligibility verification has been considered in recent Congresses. In weighing proposals on electronic employment verification, Congress may find it useful to evaluate them in terms of their potential impact on a set of related issues: unauthorized employment; verification system accuracy, efficiency, and capacity; discrimination; employer compliance; privacy; and verification system usability and employer burden

    Accounting history research and its diffusion in an international context

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    Drawing on extensive evidence gathered from all accounting history papers published in major research journals during the 1990s, it is argued that extant patterns of dissemination of accounting history research in international contexts are less than efficient, which in turn results in a glaring neglect of the 'majority' in 'international' journals in the English language. My understanding of the term majority refers to the subjects who conduct research (i.e., men and women affiliated to non-Anglo-Saxon institutions), the research settings (i.e., non-Anglo-Saxon environments), and the observation periods (i.e., those different from 1850-1940). At best, some of historiographies have a superficial visibility in the international arena, whereas most of them are fully neglected. I shall argue that accounting history research would gain in strength if other scholars, settings, and periods of study were added to those regularly reflected in 'international' journals. I contend that such broadening of the discipline represents the most important challenge for accounting historians in the years to come

    Divided government and significant legislation: A History of Congress from 1789 to 2010

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    This article presents and analyzes the most comprehensive database to date of significant acts of Congress—from 1789 to 2010—to test whether divided party control of government affects the number of important acts Congress passes. We find that unified control corresponds with one additional significant act passed per Congress in the nineteenth century and four additional such acts in the twentieth century. However, party control of government cannot explain the broad historical trends in the rate at which Congress passes significant legislation. Nixon in 1969 was far more successful with a Democratic Congress than was McKinley in 1897 with a Republican one

    Lexicography in the crystal ball: facts, trends and outlook

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    Initiating and Sustaining Female Networks in Computer Science and IT

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    Over the last decade, several networks and communities for women in IT have been initiated. It has been known that specific needs for support exist where members of a minority have difficulties in finding like-minded people in their everyday environment. This paper investigates different forms of female networks in Computer Science and IT. In particular, it analyses forms of network initiation, which often involve face-to-face meetings at regular events like conferences or, increasingly, at summer universities for female students. We conducted three studies to identify the attendees' expectations and needs for support using questionnaires, interviews, and a wiki analysis. This paper aims at identifying effective strategies for initiating female networks

    Supply and demand for European accounting research. Evidence from EAA congresses

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    We study the supply and demand for European accounting research, referring to author nationality and the country origin of the data to define research as ‘European’. We study both the supply (conference proceedings) and the demand (published papers) for European research. To assess the supply side, we study all papers presented at the 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2005 EAA congresses. Out of the total 1622 papers, 257 (16%) are European, with an increase after 2000. We find that European papers are more often co-authored than local papers. 50% of the European papers are in Financial Accounting (vs. 35% for local papers, 57% for other papers); 46% use the empirical archival methodology (vs. 33% for local papers and 48% for other papers). Out of the 158 European papers presented at the 1998, 2000 and 2002 EAA congresses, 55 (34%) have been published by 2006. As expected, the EAR is the major outlet for European papers, closely followed by British and US journals. The number of co-authors and their nationality are the only significant variables associated with the likelihood of publication. This study furthers understanding of the ongoing construction of the European accounting research community, by studying not only published papers, but also conference proceedings.Accounting research; Co-authorship; Bibliometry; European Research; EAA; Publication

    Some reflections on the orientations and volume of accounting history research in the 21st century.

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    Este artículo toma como punto de partida el 8th World Congress of Accounting Historians e intenta identificar las orientaciones que la investigación en historia de la contabilidad ha seguido desde entonces, es decir, desde el año 2000 hasta el 2007, los primeros años del siglo XX. El principal propósito de este ensayo es averiguar si ha habido novedades significativas en las direcciones de la investigación o, si por el contrario, su desarrollo ha seguido el curso previsible. Trataremos de asociar este propósito al estudio del volumen de la investigación publicada a este respecto en las principales revistas de contabilidad. Después de haber examinado y descrito la evolución de la historia de la contabilidad en estos primeros años del presente siglo, presentaremos algunas consideraciones personales acerca de los derroteros en que la investigación podría moverse en el próximo futuro. Taking as starting point the 8th World Congress of Accounting Historians this paper attempts to identify the orientations followed by accounting history research in the first years of the 21st century, that is, from 2000 up to 2007. The main purpose of the attempt is to find out whether there have been significant novelties in the directions of research or, on the contrary, its development has run in the foreseeable course. We shall try to associate this purpose to the study of the amount of related research published in the main accounting journals. After having examined and described the developments of accounting history research in the first years of present century, the paper presents some considerations on the directions in which research should move in the next future.Historia de la contabilidad, investigación, tendencias, siglo XXI. Accounting History, research, orientations, 21st century.

    PR's early response to the "information superhighway": The IPRA narrative

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    Before the Internet, social media and search engine optimisation, there was the “information superhighway” and the “Megachip age” in the 1980s. This paper, drawing on the archive of the International Public Relations Association (IPRA), reviews early discussion and adoption of innovative technology by practitioners through the application of historical method. It finds they were slow to appreciate the benefits of technical advances in communication and held doggedly to print-based models of mediated communication. Practitioners and thought leaders did not foresee that information would be available to more people through ICT developments. Practice responses, developed by reference to Rogers’ Diffusion Theory, were in three categories (in descending order of frequency) of Ignorers, Cautious/Sense-makers and Modernists/Adopters

    La mirada latina sobre la psicologĂ­a positiva

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    El siguiente trabajo intenta mostrar el avance que presenta LatinoamĂ©rica en cuanto al estudio y aplicaciĂłn de temĂĄticas relacionadas con la PsicologĂ­a Positiva (PP). Por un lado, se pretendiĂł describir cĂłmo ha surgido el interĂ©s en PP en algunos paĂ­ses de LatinoamĂ©rica como Argentina, PerĂș, MĂ©xico, entre otros. Por otro lado, se analizaron los resultados de un rastrillaje realizado en el cual verifica el cĂșmulo de trabajos y pruebas psicolĂłgicas desarrolladas en la regiĂłn, principalmente teniendo en cuenta los pilares de la PP propuestos por Seligman (2002, 2009): las emociones positivas, los rasgos positivos, las instituciones positivas y los vĂ­nculos positivos (la vida social). MĂ©xico, Chile, Brasil y Argentina, parecen ser los paĂ­ses con mayor productividad. Las temĂĄticas frecuentemente estudiadas estĂĄn en relaciĂłn con el bienestar psicolĂłgico, las relaciones interpersonales y las intervenciones psicoterapĂ©uticas. Palabras clave: PsicologĂ­a positiva, pilares, evaluaciĂłn, LatinoamĂ©rica.The present article aims to describe the progress of the study and application of Positive Psychology (PP) in Latin America. On one hand, it is described how the interest in PP has emerged in some Latin American countries such as Argentina, Peru and Mexico, among others. On the other hand, results of a literature review which explore the development of psychological assessments in the region are presented according to PP pillars proposed by Seligman (2002, 2009): positive emotions, positive traits, positive institutions and positive relationships (social life). Mexico, Chile, Brazil and Argentina appeared to be the countries with the highest levels of scientific production related to PP and the topics most frequently studied are psychological well-being, interpersonal relationships and psychotherapeutic interventions.Fil: Castro Solano, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Palermo; ArgentinaFil: Lupano Perugini, Maria Laura. Universidad de Palermo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentin
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