102 research outputs found

    Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary Teeth in an Iranian Subpopulation Residing in Western Iran Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography

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    Introduction: Accurate information regarding the morphology of roots and canals is a prerequisite for successful endodontic treatment. This study aimed to assess the number of roots and canals and canal type of maxillary teeth according to the Vertucci’s classification in an Iranian subpopulation residing in Western Iran using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1750 teeth were evaluated on CBCT scans taken for purposes other than this study. For each tooth, 250 axial, sagittal and coronal sections with 1 mm slice thickness were evaluated using NNT Viewer software. The number of roots and canals and canal type according to the Vertucci’s classification were determined and reported. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics via Fisher’s exact test and Chi square test. All data analyses were performed using SPSS version 18. Results: All of the maxillary anterior teeth were single-rooted, and Vertucci’s type I was the most common canal type. Maxillary premolars were mostly single-rooted and Vertucci’s type I was the most common type except for the first maxillary premolars, in which type V had the highest frequency. Maxillary molars mostly had three roots and two canals in the mesiobuccal root and one canal in the distobuccal and palatal roots. Conclusion: Although the number of roots in this cross-sectional study was similar to the findings of previous studies, canal type was significantly different from the results of previous studies. The result of this study can help clinicians in efficient root canal treatment of teeth.Keywords: Cone-beam Computed Tomography; Maxilla; Root Canal Morpholog

    Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular Premolars in Iranian Population: A Systematic Review

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    Introduction: It is essential for clinicians to have knowledge about root canal configuration, although its morphology varies largely in different ethnicities and even in different individuals within the same ethnic group. The current study reviewed the root canal configuration of root canals in mandibular first and second premolars among Iranian population based on independent epidemiological studies. Methods and Materials: A comprehensive search was conducted on retrieved articles related to root canal configuration and prevalence of each types of root canal in mandibular premolars based on Vertucci’s classification. An electronic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar from January 1984 to September 2015. Results: In eleven studies conducted in eight provinces, 1644 mandibular first premolars and 1268 second premolars were investigated. Within mandibular first premolars, 70.9% were Vertucci's type I, followed by 10.4% type III, 7.18% type IV, 5.23% type II and 5.16% type V. In addition, among mandibular second premolars, 82.86% were type I, 6.25 type III, 5.32% type II, 4.27% type IV, and 0.69% type V. Conclusion: These results highlight the necessity of searching for additional possible root canals by clinicians. Moreover, these results indicated the ethnical characteristics of Iranian population regarding the morphology of mandibular premolars compared to other populations.Keywords: Anatomy; Iranian; Mandibular Premolar; Review; Root Cana

    Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Root Morphology of the Premolars in Saudi Arabian Subpopulation

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    Objective: To evaluate root canal configuration and morphology of premolar teeth among Saudi subpopulations using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, CBCT images of 314 patients comprising 346 maxillary and 412 mandibular first premolar (FPM) teeth, 298 maxillary and 387 mandibular second premolar (SPM) teeth were analyzed to evaluate the number of roots, root canal morphology, and configuration based on the Vertucci's classification. The average intra-class correlation coefficient value was 0.931. Results: In the maxillary first premolar, 52.6% were two separate rooted and single rooted teeth, with one canal in 81.2% of the maxillary second premolar. Among the mandibular FPM, 96.6% of the teeth had one root and canal, and 97.9% of mandibular SPM had one root and canal. Type 1 canal configuration was seen as most common in all premolars. The number of roots in mandibular premolars did not reveal the difference among gender. Conclusion: Wide variations in root canal morphology and canal configuration system exists among maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth

    Root canal morphology of the mandibular second premolar: a systematic review and meta- analysis

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    Background: The aim of this paper was to systematically review the root canal configuration (RCC) and morphology literature of the mandibular second premolar (Mn2P). Methods: Systematic research of five electronic databases was performed to identify published literature concerning the root canal configuration (RCC) of the Mn2P up through July 2020. Studies were selected according to predefined search terms and keywords inclusion criteria: “root canal configuration”, “root canal system”, “root canal morphology”, “mandibular second premolar”, “mandibular premolars”, “morphology” and “anatomy”. Further possible studies were identified by cross-referencing and screening the bibliographies of the selected articles. Results: From 1622 retrieved studies, 44 studies investigating the internal morphology of 17,839 Mn2Ps were included. Most examined Mn2Ps were single-rooted (89.5–100%); two-rooted (0.1–8%) and three-rooted (0.1–3.5%) Mn2Ps at lower frequency. Most frequent RCCs reported were 1–1–1/1 (55.3–99.6%) followed by 1–1–2/2 (0.5–57%) and 2–2–2/2 (0.6–18%). The meta-analysis of seven studies demonstrated that a significantly higher number of RCC type 1–2–1/1 (OR [95%CI] = 2.05 [1.27, 3.33]) and 2–2–2/2 (OR [95%CI] = 2.32 [0.65, 8.63]) were observed in male than in female patients. Conclusions: Different RCC research methods have been reported. Whereas clearing and radiographs were com- monly used in the past, CBCT has been prevalent in recent years. A globally high frequency of a 1–1–1/1 RCC in the Mn2P has been reported. Nevertheless, the probability that different, more complicated RCCs can appear in Mn2Ps should not be underestimated and, thus, should be taken into consideration when making decisions during an endo- dontic treatment

    In-depth morphological evaluation of tooth anatomic lengths with root canal configurations using cone beam computed tomography in North American population

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    Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between tooth size and root canal morphology by using CBCT analysis. Methodology: In this retrospective study, tooth anatomic lengths (crown and root lengths, buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions) of 384 patients were assessed and correlated with Vertucci’s root canal morphology classification. Data was analyzed for gender-related differences using the independent sample t-test, ANOVA, and the Pearson’s correlation for a possible relation between anatomic lengths and canal morphology. Results: The maxillary first and second premolars showed a greater predilection for Type IV and II variants, respectively, while the mandibular first premolar showed a greater predilection for Type II canal system. The root canal system of the mandibular second premolar showed maximal diversity (47% Type I, 30% Type II, and 20% Type III). The dimensions were greater in men regardless of tooth type. The most significant relation (p<0.05) between the anatomic size and canal morphology was observed in the maxillary first premolars, followed by the mandibular canines (buccolingual dimension) and the lower second premolars (crown length). Negative correlations existed between the crown length and the patient’s age for the anterior teeth and mandibular second premolar (r=−0.2, p<0.01). Conclusions: The most common canal formation for anterior teeth was the Type I. The anatomic lengths had the strongest influence on the canal configuration of the maxillary first premolar, with Type IV being the most common root canal system. The mandibular second premolars showed maximal diversity in the canal classification terms and had a significant correlation with their crown lengths

    Detection of root canals in historical population from Radom (Poland)

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    Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the number of root canals in maxillary first premolars, first molars and mandibular first molar teeth from an 18th to 19th century Radom (Poland) population, and then assess whether the diversity of root canals has fluctuated for about two hundred years. Materials and methods: A total of 139 human permanent teeth were analysed by cone beam computed tomography in three projections. The types of root canal systems were classified in each tooth root separately. Results: In one-rooted maxillary premolars, two canals occurred most often (53%). In two-rooted majority buccal (91%) and every palatal roots there is one canal. All three-rooted maxillary premolars have one root canal. In two-rooted first maxillary molars, fused roots have two canals. All mesiobuccal roots presented type 2-1 canal configurations. In three-rooted maxillary first molars in the mesiobuccal roots the most common root canal type is 2-1 (72%). A second mesiobuccal canal occurred in 86%. The distobuccal and palatal roots presented one canal in all cases. First mandibular molars occurred in two-rooted form in 98%. In mesial roots, two root canals predominated (59%). Most distal root (66%) had one canal. In three-rooted teeth one root canal was the most frequent finding. Conclusions: Knowledge about the variation in root canals is important in studies of past populations. This evidence may be important in relation to assessing the variability of human populations. The analysis carried out show the cohesion between the historical population of Radom and other groups from modern Poland

    Prevalence of C-shaped root canal in a Brazilian subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomography analysis

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    The aim of this study was to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to evaluate the prevalence and configurations of C-shaped canals in permanent mandibular second molars among members of a Brazilian subpopulation. CBCT exams of 214 patients (406 teeth) were evaluated for: presence of C-shaped root canals, number of canals and direction of the root grooves (buccal or lingual). Of the 214 CBCT images examined, 192 showed intact bilateral molars, which were used to analyze the distribution of unilateral and bilateral occurrences of C-shaped canals. The prevalence of these canals was correlated with gender and age, and the number of canals was correlated with the direction of the root grooves using the chi-squared test (α = 0.05). The prevalence of C-shaped canals was 15.3%. This prevalence did not differ with gender or age. Most of the C-shaped molars had three (43.5%) or two (37.1%) canals; 69.4% of the C-shaped canals were grooved in the buccal direction; 68.3% of the C-shaped cases were unilateral. In conclusion, there was a significant prevalence of C-shaped canals in the mandibular second molars of the population studied; the C-shaped canal system varied in configuration, with a higher prevalence of three and two canals and unilateral occurrence; CBCT is a useful tool for endodontic diagnosis and treatment.The aim of this study was to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to evaluate the prevalence and configurations of C-shaped canals in permanent mandibular second molars among members of a Brazilian subpopulation. CBCT exams of 214 patients (406 teeth) were evaluated for: presence of C-shaped root canals, number of canals and direction of the root grooves (buccal or lingual). Of the 214 CBCT images examined, 192 showed intact bilateral molars, which were used to analyze the distribution of unilateral and bilateral occurrences of C-shaped canals. The prevalence of these canals was correlated with gender and age, and the number of canals was correlated with the direction of the root grooves using the chi-squared test (α = 0.05). The prevalence of C-shaped canals was 15.3%. This prevalence did not differ with gender or age. Most of the C-shaped molars had three (43.5%) or two (37.1%) canals; 69.4% of the C-shaped canals were grooved in the buccal direction; 68.3% of the C-shaped cases were unilateral. In conclusion, there was a significant prevalence of C-shaped canals in the mandibular second molars of the population studied; the C-shaped canal system varied in configuration, with a higher prevalence of three and two canals and unilateral occurrence; CBCT is a useful tool for endodontic diagnosis and treatment281394

    Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Determining the Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Molars

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    Introduction: The aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in determining root canal morphology of mandibular first molars in comparison with staining and clearing technique. Methods and Materials: CBCT images were taken from 96 extracted human mandibular first molars and the teeth were then evaluated based on Vertucci’s classification to determine the root canal morphology. Afterwards, access cavities were prepared and India ink was injected into the canals with an insulin syringe. The teeth were demineralized with 5% nitric acid. Finally, the cleared teeth were evaluated under a magnifying glass at 5× magnification to determine the root canal morphology. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. The Fisher’s exact test assessed the differences between the mesial and distal canals and the Cohen’s kappa test was used to assess the level of agreement between the methods. Statistical significance was defined at 0.05. Results: The Kappa coefficient for agreement between the two methods evaluating canal types was 0.346 (95% CI: 0.247-0.445), which is considered a fair level of agreement based on classification of Koch and Landis. The agreement between CBCT and Vertucci’s classification was 52.6% (95% CI: 45.54-59.66%), with a significantly higher agreement rate in the mesial canals (28.1%) compared to the distal canals (77.1%) (P<0.001). Conclusion: Under the limitations of this study, clearing technique was more accurate than CBCT in providing accurate picture of the root canal anatomy of mandibular first molars.Keywords: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Root Canal Morphology; Root Clearin

    Evaluation of mandibular premolars root canal morphology by cone beam computed tomography

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    Introduction: To achieve a successful endodontic treatment, the clinician has to identify the different canal configurations.mandibular premolars have the wide variety of root canal morphology and they are known as the most difficult teeth to treat in endodontics.CBCT provides a non-invasive 3D confirmatory diagnosis as a complement to conventional radiography.The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology inmandibular premolars using CBCT technology. Materials & Methods: A total of 114 cone-beam computed tomographic images including 228 mandibular first premolars and 228 mandibular second premolars with fully developed roots, were investigated.The CBCT images were collected from private oral and maxillofacial radiology centers in Isfahan, were examined in axial section and the information of each tooth was recorded by three examiners. Then, the data were analyzed by computer analysis such as; t-test, McNamara, chi-square test. Results: Of the first premolars 89.56% had a single canal and 10.09% had two canals and 0.44% was C shaped. Of the second premolars 97.37% had one canal and 2.19% had two canals. None of mandibular premolars had three canals and just one C-shaped canal was observed (0.44 %). There was no significant correlation between the prevalence of the diversity of canals and gender. Conclusion: In this study, most of the mandibular premolars had single canal and first mandibular premolars were five times more likely to have two canals than second premolars

    Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study of the Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary and Mandibular Canines Regarding Gender and Age in an Iranian Population

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    Objectives Canine teeth are supposed to have one single root canal, but they may have some anatomical variations. This study aimed to investigate the morphology of root canals of maxillary and mandibular canines regarding gender and age in an Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Using CBCT images, 126 maxillary and 125 mandibular canines were evaluated. Root anatomy was assessed regarding root length, root curvature, number of roots and canals, and pattern of root canal system. The data were analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and multinomial regression model.  Results The mean root length of male patients was significantly higher than females (p=0.0001). The most frequent root curvatures were towards the distal and buccal. Mandibular teeth (p=0.020) and females (p=0.012) had higher frequency of root curvature. All maxillary canines had one root; whereas 1.6% of mandibular canines had two roots. High prevalence of two canals was reported (34.9% of maxillary and 18.4% of mandibular canines). The most prevalent canal patterns included type I (65.1%) followed by type III (34.9%) in maxillary canines and types I (81.6%), III (16.8%) and V (1.6%) in mandibular canines. Higher frequency of type III canal configuration was reported in maxillary teeth (p=0.001) and male patients (p=0.008). No significant difference was found in any parameter between different age groups (p>0.05). Conclusion A high percentage of type III canal configuration in canine teeth especially maxillary canines and male patients was reported. Mandibular teeth and females had higher frequency of root curvature
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