Titania nanotube arrays as potential interfaces for neurological prostheses

2014 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Neural prostheses can make a dramatic improvement for those suffering from visual and auditory, cognitive, and motor control disabilities, allowing them regained functionality by the use of stimulating or recording electrical signaling. However, the longevity of these devices is limited due to the neural tissue response to the implanted device. In response to the implant penetrating the blood brain barrier and causing trauma to the tissue, the body forms a to scar to isolate the implant in order to protect the nearby tissue. The scar tissue is a result of reactive gliosis and produces an insulated sheath, encapsulating the implant. The glial sheath limits the stimulating or recording capabilities of the implant, reducing its effectiveness over the long term. A favorable interaction with this tissue would be the direct adhesion of neurons onto the contacts of the implant, and the prevention of glial encapsulation. With direct neuronal adhesion the effectiveness and longevity of the device would be significantly improved. Titania nanotube arrays, fabricated using electrochemical anodization, provide a conductive architecture capable of altering cellular response. This work focuses on the fabrication of different titania nanotube array architectures to determine how their structures and properties influence the response of neural tissue, modeled using the C17.2 murine neural stem cell subclone, and if glial encapsulation can be reduced while neuronal adhesion is promoted

Layer-by-Layer Assembled Carbon Nanotube Composites for Neural Interfacing.

This dissertation investigates the utility of layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled carbon nanotube (CNT) composites as a neural interfacing material. The theoretical framework behind this research is based on the unique properties of CNTs and the ability of the LBL technique to impart multifunctionality into nanostructured thin films. The combination of CNTs and LBL assembly provides an opportunity to create materials with precisely controlled mechanical, electrochemical, and biological properties suitable for neural interfacing. In this dissertation, LBL assembled CNT-polyelectrolyte films were demonstrated to be biocompatible with neural cells using high-content screening methods. Moreover, these CNT composite films also supported the differentiation and electrical stimulation of neural stem cells, which hold promising therapeutic potentials. The electrochemical properties of LBL assembled CNT composites were established and found to outperform those of existing and emerging electrode materials. The incorporation of appropriate biological molecules into the CNT LBL films enabled the demonstration of enhanced neural stem cell differentiation and gene delivery that programmed multipotent cells into neurons. Finally, we purposed an in vitro 3D neural tissue model that can be used to facilitate the testing of electrode coatings designed to mitigate electrode-induced gliosis. The goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the development of next-generation neural electrode technologies, as well as to the fundamental understanding of both cellular response to nanomaterials and manipulation of cell behavior through nanostructured materials.Ph.D.Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78792/1/edjan_1.pd

Desenvolvimento de uma Interface Homem-maquina Aplicada a uma Cadeira de Rodas Robotica Por Meio de PDA

Nesta Dissertação de Mestrado, foi desenvolvido um sistema assistivo, composto por uma interface homem-máquina (IHM) e uma estação de monitoramento remoto, destinado ao indivíduo com severo comprometimento orgânico. A IHM pode ser acionada por meio de um apontador de cabeça, piscada de olhos, movimento do globo ocular, posição da íris captada por uma câmara de vídeo e sinais cerebrais. Essa IHM confere ao usuário um novo canal de comunicação, além de poder comandar uma cadeira de rodas robótica. Um PDA (do inglês Personal Digital Assistant), embarcado nessa cadeira, atua como interface gráfica, contendo opções de seleção pelo usuário, tais como sentido de movimento da cadeira, expressar necessidades, permitir comunicação textualmente ou levá-lo a pontos específicos de ambientes estruturados. Nessa última opção, um sistema de controle embarcado permite a navegação autônoma até o cômodo desejado, de acordo com a implementação de um controlador de posição com desvio de obstáculos. A interface com o usuário desenvolvida possui saída acústica e informa cada opção escolhida através de um sintetizador de voz, facilitando a comunicação com membros do convívio. A unidade de monitoramento é composta por um segundo PDA, de onde é possível monitorar, remotamente, informações da cadeira de rodas em ambiente estruturado, como posição e velocidade, enviar comandos direto aos motores, ou até mesmo selecionar pontos destinos desse ambiente e enviá-los ao sistema de navegação

VLSI Design

This book provides some recent advances in design nanometer VLSI chips. The selected topics try to present some open problems and challenges with important topics ranging from design tools, new post-silicon devices, GPU-based parallel computing, emerging 3D integration, and antenna design. The book consists of two parts, with chapters such as: VLSI design for multi-sensor smart systems on a chip, Three-dimensional integrated circuits design for thousand-core processors, Parallel symbolic analysis of large analog circuits on GPU platforms, Algorithms for CAD tools VLSI design, A multilevel memetic algorithm for large SAT-encoded problems, etc

Cellular Automata

Modelling and simulation are disciplines of major importance for science and engineering. There is no science without models, and simulation has nowadays become a very useful tool, sometimes unavoidable, for development of both science and engineering. The main attractive feature of cellular automata is that, in spite of their conceptual simplicity which allows an easiness of implementation for computer simulation, as a detailed and complete mathematical analysis in principle, they are able to exhibit a wide variety of amazingly complex behaviour. This feature of cellular automata has attracted the researchers' attention from a wide variety of divergent fields of the exact disciplines of science and engineering, but also of the social sciences, and sometimes beyond. The collective complex behaviour of numerous systems, which emerge from the interaction of a multitude of simple individuals, is being conveniently modelled and simulated with cellular automata for very different purposes. In this book, a number of innovative applications of cellular automata models in the fields of Quantum Computing, Materials Science, Cryptography and Coding, and Robotics and Image Processing are presented