Conclusions and Future Directions

Although the management of wildlife at airports has seen great progress in recent decades, wildlife col~ lisians with aircraft continue to pose risks to human safety and economic losses to the aviation industry and military (Allan 2002, Dolbeer 2009). Our understanding of physiological and behavioral responses of wildlife to various types of repellents and harassment techniques has grown tremendously. Substantial in· roads have been made in developing and optimizing exclusion devices, particularly for mammals. Research and management have increased considerably in recent years, allowing us to better understand aspects of re· source use (e.g., cover, food) by wildlife and the spatial scales at which they operate (Martin et al. 2011), as well as to improve current management strategies. We suggest that these two forms of management- repellents and harassment (e.g., Chapters 2-4) and habitat management (e.g., Chapters 8-H)-should be integrated to reduce hazardous wildlife use of airports. Direct control methods (e.g., hazing) typically work only in the short term; reducing habitat suitability for wildlife at airports will likely enhance long-term efficacy of these techniques

Conclusions and Future Directions

Although the management of wildlife at airports has seen great progress in recent decades, wildlife col~ lisians with aircraft continue to pose risks to human safety and economic losses to the aviation industry and military (Allan 2002, Dolbeer 2009). Our understanding of physiological and behavioral responses of wildlife to various types of repellents and harassment techniques has grown tremendously. Substantial in· roads have been made in developing and optimizing exclusion devices, particularly for mammals. Research and management have increased considerably in recent years, allowing us to better understand aspects of re· source use (e.g., cover, food) by wildlife and the spatial scales at which they operate (Martin et al. 2011), as well as to improve current management strategies. We suggest that these two forms of management- repellents and harassment (e.g., Chapters 2-4) and habitat management (e.g., Chapters 8-H)-should be integrated to reduce hazardous wildlife use of airports. Direct control methods (e.g., hazing) typically work only in the short term; reducing habitat suitability for wildlife at airports will likely enhance long-term efficacy of these techniques

Tanamu 1: Conclusions and future directions

Tanamu 1 presents a cross-section of some of the major time periods represented in the Caution Bay archaeological landscape, and as such provides a useful starting point for the detailed publication of the results of excavations by which to eventually bridge the space between site-specific and landscape-scale patterns and trends. Across three broad phases of occupation, the site provides a window onto the extent and shape of pre-ceramic occupation in the c. 1700 years leading up to the emergence of the Lapita cultural complex in the Bismarck Archipelago c. 3300 cal BP (e.g., Denham et al. 2012), the nature of the terminal Lapita period which ends at 2600–2550 cal BP at Caution Bay (David et al. 2019), and the past 2750 years leading into the ethnographic present. In this volume we have presented detailed data and analyses of the ceramics, stone and shell artefacts, and vertebrate and invertebrate animal remains, and all have yielded their own particular insights. While conclusions about the long-range cultural history of both Tanamu 1 and Caution Bay can be drawn from the data presented here, we also see this as an opportunity to isolate and frame research issues to be pursued in subsequent volumes of the Caution Bay archaeological project

Conclusions : Future directions of multiliteracies scholarship and practice

This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book considers the role of multiliteracies in the education of young children living and learning in contemporary societies in the global North. It illustrates curriculum innovation and reform efforts situated in Finnish early childhood and primary education. The book presents some of the challenges and opportunities for enhancing professional development opportunities of early years practitioners. It shows how more established classroom practices interact and come into tension with new ways of teaching and learning multiliteracies. The book also considers how teacher agency and the conditions for its emergence are important drivers of transforming classroom practice. It provides rich descriptions how multiliteracies standards be benchmarked and meaningful learning progressions mapped from a sociocultural practice perspective. The book examines the cultural practices around reading and literacy in the United States, and considers how theory of multiliteracies might inform these practices.Peer reviewe

Conclusions and Future Research Directions

In this book, we have discussed channel estimation for various situations in PLNC, including frequency flat fading environment, frequency selective fading environment, and time-selective fading environment. In each environment, we demonstrated how the channel estimation is different from the conventional point-to-point transmission as well as from the uni-directional relay network. The key idea is that the individual channel knowledge should be obtained at three nodes, i.e., the terminals and the relay, within one round of the data exchange. One may, of course, apply more complicated training process, say, training each channel link separately and share the information through feedback channels but such processing is not compatible with the overall structure of the data frame. Moreover, we developed channel estimation algorithms that fit the speciality of different environments, for example in frequency selective fading environment it is possible to remove the redundant estimates so that the overall training length could be reduced, while in time selective fading environment the individual BEM coefficient is estimated instead of the channel parameters

Conclusions: The Cornerstones and Future Directions of Invention Pedagogy

In this chapter, the key elements of invention projects presented in the introduction and explored in the chapters of this book are revisited and further discussed as the four cornerstones of invention pedagogy. The cornerstones—inclusive innovator mindset, multifaceted real-world phenomena, co-creation of knowledge and artifacts, and technology-enriched tools and materials—are seen as essential for students’ knowledge-creating learning, for the facilitation of such learning, and for the development of an inventive school culture. The continuous development of all these levels of invention pedagogy is supported by research–practice partnerships in national and international contexts.Peer reviewe

The Paris OECD-IMF Workshop on Real Estate Price Indexes: Conclusions and Future Directions

The paper summarizes the main ideas suggested in OECD-IMF Workshop on Real Estate Price Indexes which was held in Paris, November 6-7, 2006. The paper discusses possible uses and target indexes for real estate price indexes and notes that a major problem is that it is not possible to exactly match the quality of dwelling units over time due to the fact that the housing stock changes in quality due to renovations and depreciation. Four alternative methods for constructing real estate price indexes are discussed: the repeat sales model; the use of assessment information along with property sale information; stratification methods and hedonic methods. The paper notes that the typical hedonic regression method may suffer from specification bias and suggests a way forward. Problems with the user cost method for pricing the services of owner occupied housing are also discussed.Real estate price indexes; housing, index number theory; hedonic regression techniques; repeat sales method; system of national accounts; user costs;