The impact of Mean Time Between Disasters on inventory pre-positioning strategy

Purpose - This paper addresses the impact of Mean Time Between Disasters (MTBD) to inventory pre-positioning strategy of medical supplies prior to a sudden-onset disaster

Stock Prepositioning For Disasters In Mexico: A Case

Different governments are recurring to stock prepositioning to improve immediate disaster response because it can reduce procurement delays and distribution lead-time. However, it can be an expensive policy. Mexico has used this policy for several years with poor results. The purpose of this research is to integrate GIS and optimisation for the analysis of the location of warehousing facilities and prepositioning of stock at a national level. The system was tested using data obtained from Mexican disaster authorities and compared to the current policy, showing better coverage in terms of quality and a reduction of shipment time for several areas

An empirical analysis of humanitarian warehouse locations

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to empirically verify characteristics of current warehouse locations of humanitarian organizations (based on public information) and to relate those to the model developed by Richardson et al. (2016). Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on desk research. Public data such as (annual) reports and databases are used to empirically verify location characteristics. Findings: A significant portion of our sample co-locates their products at UNHRD premises. This indicates that organizations prefer to cluster warehouse activities, particularly when there is no fee involved for using the warehouse (as is the case in the UNHRD network). We find that the characteristics of the current warehouse locations are aligned with literature on location selection factors. Current location can be characterized by infrastructure characteristics (in particular closeness to airport and safety) and by low occurrence of disasters. Other factors for which we did not find evidence for were labor quality and availability as well as political environment. Research limitations/implications: We have used a limited sample of warehouses. We also focused our research on the countries where two or more organizations have their warehouses located. We did not account for warehouse sizes or product stored in our analysis. Practical implications: The geographic map of the current warehouses together with the quantified location factors provides an overview of current warehouse locations. Originality/value: We empirically verify characteristics of warehouse locations of humanitarian organizations. This differs from other studies that do not provide an empirically grounded perspective

Risk Analysis of Emergency Supply Chains

Unknowns and uncertainties are integral to any disaster relief operation. Activities of the emergency supply chain are usually performed in highly volatile environments and are prone to risks. Due to the complexity of the operating relief environment, relief organizations can only anticipate some supply chain disruptions. As such, they must take a comprehensive and proactive approach to uncertainties to manage multiple unexpected events. Therefore, this research aims to develop a comprehensive framework for risk management in emergency supply chains. This study adopts a comprehensive and rigorous procedure to explore the risk factors and mitigation strategies for emergency supply chains. The research design is divided into three phases; first, the risk factors and mitigation strategies are collected through an extensive literature review; next, the risk factors and risk mitigation strategies are verified with experts through high-level surveys and semi-structured interviews. Finally, based on the weight of risk factors estimated using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, risk factors mitigation strategies to overcome the risk factors are prioritized using the fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution that considers uncertainty and impreciseness rather than a crisp value. This study found and verified 28 emergency supply chain risk factors, which are categorised into two main categories: internal and external risks; four sub-categories: demand, supply, infrastructural, and environmental risks; and 11 risk types: forecast, inventory, procurement, supplier, quality, transportation, warehousing, systems, disruption, social, and political risks. War and terrorism, the impact of follow-up disasters, poor relief supplies, and sanctions and constraints that hinder stakeholder cooperation and coordination are the most significant risks. Finally, eight risk factor mitigation strategies; strategic stock, prepositioning of resources, collaboration and coordination, flexible transportation, flexible supply bases, logistics outsourcing, flexible supply contracts, and risk awareness/knowledge management were proposed and prioritised to overcome the risk factors so decision-makers can focus on these mitigation strategies. This study provides a more efficient, effective, robust, and systematic way to overcome risk factors and improve the effectiveness of emergency supply chains in disaster relief operations. This study is the first to objectively identify, categorise, and analyse emergency supply chains’ risk nature and frequency. Practitioners and policymakers can use the research findings to spot significant risk factors and appropriate mitigation strategies to reduce their effects. The risk profile will be a new database of risk factors affecting the emergency supply chain and allow stakeholders to immediately identify the disrupted emergency supply chain component

MANAJEMEN SARANA DAN PRASARANA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN

Pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan memberikan kontribusi terhadap keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran secara optimal, sarana pendidikan dan infrastruktur mendukung pembangunan lembaga pendidikan yang unggul dan berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana dalam mengembangkan mutu pendidikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, melalui pendekatan etnografi. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa analisis kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan dilakukan pada proses perencanaan dan analisis  terkait tentang kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana dalam pembelajaran, analisis pembiayaan dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembelian sarana dan prasarana dengan menggunakan dana sewajarnya sesuai kebutuhan, pengadaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan proses pembelajaran yang sedang berjalan. Pemeliharaan fasilitas pendidikan menjadi tanggung jawab bersama oleh seluruh warga sekolah, sarana dan prasarana yang tidak terpakai selama proses pembelajaran tetap memerlukan pemeliharaan tanpa merusak kualitas dari fasilitas tersebut. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor yang mendukung inventarisasi sarana dan prasarana pendidikan meliputi kerjasama dan fasilitas yang memadai sehingga yang menjadi penghambat adalah inventarisasi sarana dan prasarana pendidikan adalah rendahnya jumlah barang dan sumber daya manusia.Management of educational facilities and infrastructure contributes to success in the learning process optimally. Educational facilities and infrastructure support the development of superior and quality educational institutions. This study aims to analyze the management of facilities and infrastructure in developing the quality of education. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, through an ethnographic approach. The results of this study indicate that the analysis of the needs for educational facilities and infrastructure is carried out in the planning process and analysis related to the needs for facilities and infrastructure in learning, financing analysis is carried out to meet the needs for purchasing facilities and infrastructure using reasonable funds according to needs, Procurement of educational facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the needs of the ongoing learning process, maintenance of educational facilities is a shared responsibility by all school members, facilities and infrastructure that are not used during the learning process still require maintenance without damaging the quality of these facilities. The conclusion of this study is that the factors that support the inventory of educational facilities and infrastructure include cooperation and adequate facilities so that the obstacle is the inventory of educational facilities and infrastructure is the low number of goods and human resources

A multi-organisational approach for disaster preparedness and response:the use of optimisation and GIS for facility location, stock pre-positioning, resource allocation and relief distribution

From 1992 to 2012 4.4 billion people were affected by disasters with almost 2 trillion USD in damages and 1.3 million people killed worldwide. The increasing threat of disasters stresses the need to provide solutions for the challenges faced by disaster managers, such as the logistical deployment of resources required to provide relief to victims. The location of emergency facilities, stock prepositioning, evacuation, inventory management, resource allocation, and relief distribution have been identified to directly impact the relief provided to victims during the disaster. Managing appropriately these factors is critical to reduce suffering. Disaster management commonly attracts several organisations working alongside each other and sharing resources to cope with the emergency. Coordinating these agencies is a complex task but there is little research considering multiple organisations, and none actually optimising the number of actors required to avoid shortages and convergence. The aim of the this research is to develop a system for disaster management based on a combination of optimisation techniques and geographical information systems (GIS) to aid multi-organisational decision-making. An integrated decision system was created comprising a cartographic model implemented in GIS to discard floodable facilities, combined with two models focused on optimising the decisions regarding location of emergency facilities, stock prepositioning, the allocation of resources and relief distribution, along with the number of actors required to perform these activities. Three in-depth case studies in Mexico were studied gathering information from different organisations. The cartographic model proved to reduce the risk to select unsuitable facilities. The preparedness and response models showed the capacity to optimise the decisions and the number of organisations required for logistical activities, pointing towards an excess of actors involved in all cases. The system as a whole demonstrated its capacity to provide integrated support for disaster preparedness and response, along with the existence of room for improvement for Mexican organisations in flood management

Multiple Hazard Uncertainty Visualization Challenges and Paths Forward

Making decisions with uncertainty is challenging for the general public, policymakers, and even highly trained scientists. Nevertheless, when faced with the need to respond to a potential hazard, people must make high-risk decisions with uncertainty. In some cases, people have to consider multiple hazards with various types of uncertainties. Multiple hazards can be interconnected by location, time, and/or environmental systems, and the hazards may interact, producing complex relationships among their associated uncertainties. The interaction between multiple hazards and their uncertainties can have nonlinear effects, where the resultant risk and uncertainty are greater than the sum of the risk and uncertainty associated with individual hazards. Effectively communicating the uncertainties related to such complicated systems should be a high priority because the frequency and variability of multiple hazard events due to climate change continue to increase. However, the communication of multiple hazard uncertainties and their interactions remains largely unexplored. The lack of practical guidance on conveying multiple hazard uncertainties is likely due in part to the field’s vast expanse, making it challenging to identify entry points. Here, we offer a perspective on three critical challenges related to uncertainty communication across various multiple hazard contexts to galvanize the research community. We advocate for systematic considerations of multiple hazard uncertainty communication that focus on trade-offs between complexity and factors, including mental effort, trust, and usability

Aproximación al Estado de Investigación en Logística Humanitaria: Un enfoque Bibliométrico

El presente proyecto, pretende el desarrollo de un estudio bibliométrico que permita identificar las bases conceptuales y las contribuciones relevantes en una de las áreas emergentes de la logística: La logística humanitaria. El proyecto seleccionará las principales publicaciones disponibles en Academic Search Complete, Emerald, Science Direct, y en las herramientas bibliográficas Scopus e ISI Web of Science con el acceso que ofrece la licencia de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, para posteriormente, aplicar los principios de la bibliometría identificando las principales tendencias de investigación en el objeto de estudio seleccionado, utilizando indicadores y herramientas estadísticas descriptivas y mediciones de co-citación, detallando el contenido conceptual de cada artículo y estableciendo el estado de obsolescencia de la literatura disponible. Por último, la presente investigación realizará una discusión de los hallazgos de revisiones bibliográficas previas, frente a los resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo del presente estudio, de manera que se puedan identificar futuras líneas de investigación, orientadas hacia el desarrollo conceptual y solución de los retos que impone en la actualidad la logística humanitariaAbstract : The aim of this project is to develop a bibliometrics study that will be able to identify the conceptual bases and main contribution in one of the emerging areas of research in logistics known as Humanitarian logistics. This research paper will select the main publications in the databases available: Academic Search Complete, Emerald and Science Direct and other bibliographic tools as Scopus and ISI web of Science, by using the available access for the members of the National University of Colombia. Then applying the bibliometric principles, in order to bring out the main research trends of Humanitarian Logistics, using indicators and descriptive statistics tools and co-citation measurements, detailing the conceptual content of each publication and establishing the obsolescence level of the available literature. Finally, this research will propose a discussion regarding the findings of previous bibliographic reviews, compared to the results of the present study, in that manner that might help identify future research lines. These lines should be directed to the conceptual development and solution of the challenges that nowadays the humanitarian logistics facesMaestrí

Public-private perspectives on supply chains of essential goods in crisis management

Public authorities are responsible to maintain the population’s supply with essential goods like food or drugs at any time. Such goods are produced, transported and sold by companies in supply chains. Past supply crises all over the world have showcased numerous examples of spontaneous collaboration between public authorities and companies in supply chains. However, insights on formal collaboration which is agreed upon in the preparedness phase is rare in both practice and literature. Therefore, this dissertation’s first research objective is to identify under which circumstances companies are most willing to collaborate with public authorities. In this context, public authorities\u27 and companies\u27 characteristics, resources and roles in a collaboration are identified from literature research as well as real-life cases in Study A. Study B empirically determines companies\u27 preferred preconditions for collaboration: Companies value the continuity of their business processes and expect to be compensated monetarily or by lifted restrictions. The second research objective is to develop collaborative supply chain concepts and evaluate them from public and private perspectives. Study C develops a collaboration concept in a real-time setting in which commercial trucks are jointly re-routed into crisis regions. In Study D, public authorities coordinate tactical use of commercial last-mile delivery vehicles for the home supply with food and drugs. In Study E, strategic collaboration in using dual-use warehouses is investigated with a focus on logistics networks. Study F determines the impact of demand shortfalls and payment term extensions on financial and physical flows in food supply chains. In Studies C-F, the main drivers for effectiveness and efficiency are investigated. By examining collaboration between companies and public authorities in supply crises, this dissertation contributes to the research streams of supply chain risk management and so-called extreme supply chain management. The results provide public decision-makers with insights into companies\u27 motivation to engage in public crisis management. The developed collaborative supply chain concepts serve public authorities as a basis for collaboration design and companies as starting points for integrating public-private collaboration into their endeavors to make supply chains more resilient