2,642 research outputs found
The self-focusing Fresnel-Dammann grating and the Fresnel binary CGH for compact 2-D light spot array generation
The authors have described the design and demonstrated the performance of two types of lensless array generator. The Self-focusing Fresnel-Dammann grating (SFD), and the Fresnel hologram. The SFD is based on a conventional Dammann grating, but obviates the need for extraneous Fourier transform lenses, by combining the grating with a Fresnel zone plate, in an exclusive-OR fashion. No alignment is required and no bulky or dispersive refractive elements are used. The Fresnel hologram can be designed for high fanout, but the design must take into account the phases of the light spots in the image array. The authors have demonstrated this for an 8times8 fanout element, where a set of random phases in the output gave rise to a satisfactory performance, whilst another set of phases gave an undesired, although interesting, result. The authors have also demonstrated a 30deg slanted axis, random phase design, generating a two dimensional array of 8times8 beams, used in reflection, and operating in a multiple reflection, planar-optic configuratio
The non-coplanar baselines effect in radio interferometry: The W-Projection algorithm
We consider a troublesome form of non-isoplanatism in synthesis radio
telescopes: non-coplanar baselines. We present a novel interpretation of the
non-coplanar baselines effect as being due to differential Fresnel diffraction
in the neighborhood of the array antennas.
We have developed a new algorithm to deal with this effect. Our new
algorithm, which we call "W-projection", has markedly superior performance
compared to existing algorithms. At roughly equivalent levels of accuracy,
W-projection can be up to an order of magnitude faster than the corresponding
facet-based algorithms. Furthermore, the precision of result is not tightly
coupled to computing time.
W-projection has important consequences for the design and operation of the
new generation of radio telescopes operating at centimeter and longer
wavelengths.Comment: Accepted for publication in "IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in
Signal Processing
Information Storage and Retrieval for Probe Storage using Optical Diffraction Patterns
A novel method for fast information retrieval from a probe storage device is
considered. It is shown that information can be stored and retrieved using the
optical diffraction patterns obtained by the illumination of a large array of
cantilevers by a monochromatic light source. In thermo-mechanical probe
storage, the information is stored as a sequence of indentations on the polymer
medium. To retrieve the information, the array of probes is actuated by
applying a bending force to the cantilevers. Probes positioned over
indentations experience deflection by the depth of the indentation, probes over
the flat media remain un-deflected. Thus the array of actuated probes can be
viewed as an irregular optical grating, which creates a data-dependent
diffraction pattern when illuminated by laser light. We develop a low
complexity modulation scheme, which allows the extraction of information stored
in the pattern of indentations on the media from Fourier coefficients of the
intensity of the diffraction pattern. We then derive a low-complexity maximum
likelihood sequence detection algorithm for retrieving the user information
from the Fourier coefficients. The derivation of both the modulation and the
detection schemes is based on the Fraunhofer formula for data-dependent
diffraction patterns. We show that for as long as the Fresnel number F<0.1, the
optimal channel detector derived from Fraunhofer diffraction theory does not
suffer any significant performance degradation.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures. Version 2: minor misprints corrected,
experimental section expande
Lateral and axial resolution criteria in incoherent and coherent optics and holography, near- and far-field regimes
This work presents an overview of the spatial resolution criteria in
classical optics, digital optics and holography. Although the classical Abbe
and Rayleigh resolution criteria have been thoroughly discussed in the
literature, there are still several issues which still need to be addressed,
for example the axial resolution criterion for coherent and incoherent
radiation, which is a crucial parameter of three-dimensional (3D) imaging, the
resolution criteria in the Fresnel regime, and the lateral and axial resolution
criteria in digital optics and holography. This work discusses these issues and
provides a simple guide for which resolution criteria should be applied in each
particular imaging scheme: coherent/incoherent, far- and near-field, lateral
and axial resolution. Different resolution criteria such as two-point
resolution and the resolution obtained from the image spectrum (diffraction
pattern) are compared and demonstrated with simulated examples. Resolution
criteria for spatial lateral and axial resolution are derived, and their
application in imaging with coherent and incoherent (noncoherent) waves is
considered. It is shown that for coherent light, the classical Abbe and
Rayleigh resolution criteria do not provide an accurate estimation of the
lateral and axial resolution. Lateral and axial resolution criteria based on an
evaluation of the spectrum of the diffracted wave provide a more precise
estimation of the resolution for coherent and incoherent light. It is also
shown that resolution criteria derived in approximation of the far-field
imaging regime can be applied for the near-field (Fresnel) regime
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