56 research outputs found

    Eye quietness and quiet eye in expert and novice golf performance: an electrooculographic analysis

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    Quiet eye (QE) is the final ocular fixation on the target of an action (e.g., the ball in golf putting). Camerabased eye-tracking studies have consistently found longer QE durations in experts than novices; however, mechanisms underlying QE are not known. To offer a new perspective we examined the feasibility of measuring the QE using electrooculography (EOG) and developed an index to assess ocular activity across time: eye quietness (EQ). Ten expert and ten novice golfers putted 60 balls to a 2.4 m distant hole. Horizontal EOG (2ms resolution) was recorded from two electrodes placed on the outer sides of the eyes. QE duration was measured using a EOG voltage threshold and comprised the sum of the pre-movement and post-movement initiation components. EQ was computed as the standard deviation of the EOG in 0.5 s bins from –4 to +2 s, relative to backswing initiation: lower values indicate less movement of the eyes, hence greater quietness. Finally, we measured club-ball address and swing durations. T-tests showed that total QE did not differ between groups (p = .31); however, experts had marginally shorter pre-movement QE (p = .08) and longer post-movement QE (p < .001) than novices. A group × time ANOVA revealed that experts had less EQ before backswing initiation and greater EQ after backswing initiation (p = .002). QE durations were inversely correlated with EQ from –1.5 to 1 s (rs = –.48 - –.90, ps = .03 - .001). Experts had longer swing durations than novices (p = .01) and, importantly, swing durations correlated positively with post-movement QE (r = .52, p = .02) and negatively with EQ from 0.5 to 1s (r = –.63, p = .003). This study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring ocular activity using EOG and validates EQ as an index of ocular activity. Its findings challenge the dominant perspective on QE and provide new evidence that expert-novice differences in ocular activity may reflect differences in the kinematics of how experts and novices execute skills

    UA12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 51, No. 28

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    WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles: Halicks, Richard. Some Question Validity of Administrative Evaluation Halicks, Richard. Associated Student Government Queries Ron Beck on Concert Controversy Budde, Neil. Regents Will Meet in Special Session on Dec. 13 Natalie Cole to Perform in Concert Wednesday Greeks Win Charity Game – Lambda Chi Alpha Kentucky Should Not Repeal Its Presidential Primary Law Bailey, D.W. Discusses Perversion Stewart, Tony. Wants Lighted Basketball Courts Levy, Marc. Questions Constitution Bruce, Don. Aberrations Mami, Alfina. Committee Agrees on Basic Plan for Faculty Senate Graduate Students Urged to Finish Incompletes Soon 17 Students Are Named to Activities Committee Hohman, Pat. Singer’s Son Finds Show Business Competitive – Ernest Tubb Jr. Fewer Citations Issued 447 Applications Filed for Degrees for Fall Semester Bond, Beverly & Judy Wildman. Play, Recital Set This Week Wildman, Judy. C.S. Lewis Play Slated One-Man Show Will Present Charles Dickens’s Works Debaters to Enter Butler Competition Herde, Mary. Teacher Corps Seeking to Enhance Imagination, Innovation in Schools Fire Safety Clinic is Scheduled Here Next Week Skees, Janet. WKU Helps Teams Iron Out Louisville Merger Problems Hohman, Pat. Campus CB Group Meets Snags in Selecting Site Mami, Alfina. Warning System Still Planned 2 Freshmen Fined $100 Each – Richard Foster, Robert Riley Cash, Terry. Greenhouses to Encourage Growth in Agriculture Department What’s Happening – Chess Club, Alpha Phi Alpha, Pi Kappa Phi Cash, Terry. Professor Studies Proposal to Dam Green River – Wayne Hoffman Collins, Don. Tops’ Next Stop is Grantland Rice Bowl Collins, Don. Toppers to Entertain New Old Dominion Stinnett, Roger. Recruits, Transfer Add Height to Western Cagers Seniors Honored at Football Banquet Stinnett, Roger. Headquarters, Lambda Chi Alpha Fight to Scoreless Tie Huffman, Clyde. Women Crush University of Louisville in Season Opener Tuell, John. Swimmers to Compete This Weeken

    UA12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 51, No. 28

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    WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles: Halicks, Richard. Some Question Validity of Administrative Evaluation Halicks, Richard. Associated Student Government Queries Ron Beck on Concert Controversy Budde, Neil. Regents Will Meet in Special Session on Dec. 13 Natalie Cole to Perform in Concert Wednesday Greeks Win Charity Game – Lambda Chi Alpha Kentucky Should Not Repeal Its Presidential Primary Law Bailey, D.W. Discusses Perversion Stewart, Tony. Wants Lighted Basketball Courts Levy, Marc. Questions Constitution Bruce, Don. Aberrations Mami, Alfina. Committee Agrees on Basic Plan for Faculty Senate Graduate Students Urged to Finish Incompletes Soon 17 Students Are Named to Activities Committee Hohman, Pat. Singer’s Son Finds Show Business Competitive – Ernest Tubb Jr. Fewer Citations Issued 447 Applications Filed for Degrees for Fall Semester Bond, Beverly & Judy Wildman. Play, Recital Set This Week Wildman, Judy. C.S. Lewis Play Slated One-Man Show Will Present Charles Dickens’s Works Debaters to Enter Butler Competition Herde, Mary. Teacher Corps Seeking to Enhance Imagination, Innovation in Schools Fire Safety Clinic is Scheduled Here Next Week Skees, Janet. WKU Helps Teams Iron Out Louisville Merger Problems Hohman, Pat. Campus CB Group Meets Snags in Selecting Site Mami, Alfina. Warning System Still Planned 2 Freshmen Fined $100 Each – Richard Foster, Robert Riley Cash, Terry. Greenhouses to Encourage Growth in Agriculture Department What’s Happening – Chess Club, Alpha Phi Alpha, Pi Kappa Phi Cash, Terry. Professor Studies Proposal to Dam Green River – Wayne Hoffman Collins, Don. Tops’ Next Stop is Grantland Rice Bowl Collins, Don. Toppers to Entertain New Old Dominion Stinnett, Roger. Recruits, Transfer Add Height to Western Cagers Seniors Honored at Football Banquet Stinnett, Roger. Headquarters, Lambda Chi Alpha Fight to Scoreless Tie Huffman, Clyde. Women Crush University of Louisville in Season Opener Tuell, John. Swimmers to Compete This Weeken

    Vol. 67, No. 3 | Spring/Summer 1992

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    Adventures in Excellencehttps://digitalcommons.bridgewater.edu/bridgewater_magazine/1078/thumbnail.jp

    November 22, 1975 Football Program, UOP vs. University of Hawaii

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    https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/ua-football/1390/thumbnail.jp

    Exploring Referee Abuse Through the Lens of the Collegiate Rugby Coach

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    Referees are a valuable contributor to the legitimacy of a sporting contest. Despite this, abuse in sport has become a growing concern and is regularly noted as an obstacle with which referees must contend. Continued abuses have been associated with referee discontinuation and have been noted as a key factor influencing the recruitment and retention of referees. Sporting organizations, coaches, and players all feel the impact when there is an inadequate supply of referees. Though the continuance of the referee is related to the continuance of the sport itself, little research has focused on the referee.Further, the studies that have considered referee abuse have focused only on the perspective of the referee seemingly ignoring the perceptions of other sporting stakeholders. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of referee abuse through the lens of the collegiate rugby coach. Through a phenomenological research design utilizing semi-structured telephone interviews, the topic of referee abuse in rugby was explored. Purposive sampling allowed for a selection of participants that had adequate knowledge of the phenomenon under investigation. Participants were solicited via USA Rugby utilizing a pre-scripted email provided by the researcher. During the data collection phase, saturation was reached as 15 participants completed two phone interviews. The findings, derived from participant data, identified 12 themes that addressed coach perceptions of referee abuse, the multitude of factors that impact perceptions of abuse, and numerous coach-generated solutions to help curtail the abuse of referees. From these findings, an Ecological Transactional Model of Factors Influencing Referee Abuse is proposed. This model categorizes the factors influencing referee abuse into various ecological levels, beginning with an individual’s personal characteristics (the ontological level) and continuing through their cultural existence (the macrosystem). The model suggests that these factors influence both perceptions of referee abuse and the solutions generated regarding referee abuse. The transactional portion of this model also highlights the interaction between various levels of one’s environment, proposing that the influences of numerous factors may exist at one time and that each of these factors may also influence one another. Future research is required to explore referee abuse in other contexts and to illuminate the perceptions of referee abuse through the lenses of additional sporting stakeholders. Recommendations for such research include the application of this proposed model to other sporting contexts, the consideration of generational differences on abuse perceptions, and a further exploration of cultural differences as related to perceptions of abuse. Violence prevention is currently a primary focus in many realms, including the entertainment industry, higher education, and sport. Studies of this nature help to ensure that referee abuse is included in the ongoing dialogue regarding violence prevention in sport

    SDSU Collegian, December 11, 1974

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    Vol. 83, No. 15https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/collegian_1970-1979/1058/thumbnail.jp

    The Key 1981

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    Bowling Green State University 1981 Key Yearbookhttps://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/yearbooks/1141/thumbnail.jp

    Eastern Progress - 26 Oct 1978

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    University of San Diego News Print Media Coverage 2003.04

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    Printed clippings housed in folders with a table of contents arranged by topic.https://digital.sandiego.edu/print-media/1003/thumbnail.jp
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