Measuring Bridge Construction Efficiency Using the Wireless Real-Time Video Monitoring System

To enhance the efficiency of bridge construction, the wireless real-time video monitoring system (WRITE) was developed. Utilizing the advanced technologies of computer vision and artificial neural networks, the developed system first wirelessly acquired a sequence of images of work face operations. Then human pose analyzing algorithms processed these images in real time to generate human poses associated with construction workers who performed the operations. Next, a portion of the human poses were manually classified into three categories as effective work, contributory work, and ineffective work and were used to train the built-in artificial neural networks (ANN). Finally, the trained neural networks were employed to decide the ongoing laborers’ working status by comparing the in coming images to the developed human poses. The developed system was tested for accuracy on a bridge construction project. Results of the test showed that efficiency measurements by the system were reasonably accurate when compared to the measurements produced by the manual method. Thus, the success of this research indicates promise for enabling project managers to quickly identify work-face operation problems and to take actions immediately to address these problems

The preliminary design of a wearable computer for supporting Construction Progress Monitoring

Progress monitoring has become more and more important as owners have increasingly demanded shorter times for the delivery of their projects. This trend is even more evident in high technology industries, such as the computer industry and the chemical industry. Fast changing markets, such as the computer industry, force companies to have to build new facilities quickly. To make a statement about construction progress, the status of a building has to be determined and monitored over a period of time. Depicting the construction progress in a diagram over time, statements can be made about the anticipated completion of the project and delays and problems in certain areas. Having this information, measures can be taken to efficiently >catch up< on the schedule of the project. New technologies, such as wearable computers, speech recognition, touch screens and wireless networks could help to move electronic data processing to the construction site. Progress monitoring could very much take advantage of this move, as several intermediate steps of processing progress data can be made unnecessary. The processing of progress data could be entirely done by computers, which means that data for supporting decisions can be made available at the moment the construction progress is measured. This paper describes a project, that investigates how these new technologies can be linked to create a system that enhances the efficiency of progress monitoring. During the project a first prototype of a progress monitoring system was developed that allows construction companies and site supervisors to measure construction progress on site using wearable computers that are speech controlled and connected to a central database via a wireless network

Priority Rule Search Technique for Resource Constrained Project Scheduling

A Priority Rule Search Technique (PRST) heuristic computer controlled algorithm is disclosed that schedules single project, single resource and multiple project, multiple resource constrained project scheduling problems. Primary areas of utility include construction, manufacturing and research and development projects. The invention can schedule tasks/activities for large scale, multiple resource and multiple project networks that have different network and resource constraint characteristics while providing balance among different project network characteristics in order to provide an effective solution for a variety of network types. The novel PRST algorithm combines four heuristic rules (ACTM, LFT, MGRD and MACTRES) to determine a priority value for each job task/activity. The priority values are ranked to determine an optimum schedule of all job tasks and activities to complete the entire project. The invention incorporates the time (ACTM and LFT) and resource (MGRD and MACTRES) c

Feasibility of the SIMSUPER Simulation Model in the Renovation of Building Projects

Building renovation projects are unique in its nature and quite different from new building construction projects. Uncertainties and unforeseen conditions play a much bigger role in building renovation projects making construction planning traditional methods not suitable for these purposes. Soft-logic allows for the modification of predefined network models when a new set of conditions is encountered. An existing computer simulation program called SIMSUPER provides such approach. SIMSUPER (SIMulation SUPERvisor) is a network-based, discrete-event simulation model that has the capability of incorporating conditions of uncertainty and to dynamically respond to changed conditions. The model is capable of combining different networks to respond to changed external factors already embedded in the model networks. The logic followed by SIMSUPER has the flexibility of selecting between networks depending on the conditions inputted. SIMSUPER was primarily developed to conduct research in productivity analysis for adaptable tunneling construction, where excavation and support methods are adapted to changing ground conditions. The main objective of this research is to determine the ability of SIMSUPER to analyze the dynamics of the building renovation process under its particular conditions of uncertainty and to provide the user with the flexibility of adapting the model as these conditions change, optimizing project\u27s productivity. The renovation of Daniels Hall, a four-story dormitory facility at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, Massachusetts, is used as the case study of this research. Two computer runs, the contractor\u27s plan, and observed data were tested using the WPI\u27s running version of SIMSUPER. Differences between the computer simulation and observed actions were found. A hand simulation that incorporates resource allocation, preempting rules and conflict management capabilities was conducted to investigate the observed actions in more detail. The hand simulation was able to replicate the observed actions. The concept contained in the program proved to be efficient. The soft-logic rules that drive the simulation of the process replicated the observed plans

The Fuzzy Project Scheduling Problem with Minimal Generalized Precedence Relations

In scheduling, estimations are affected by the imprecision of limited information on future events, and the reduction in the number and level of detail of activities. Overlapping of processes and activities requires the study of their continuity, along with analysis of the risks associated with imprecision. In this line, this paper proposes a fuzzy heuristic model for the Project Scheduling Problem with flows and minimal feeding, time and work Generalized Precedence Relations with a realistic approach to overlapping, in which the continuity of processes and activities is allowed in a discretionary way. This fuzzy algorithm handles the balance of process flows, and computes the optimal fragmentation of tasks, avoiding the interruption of the critical path and reverse criticality. The goodness of this approach is tested on several problems found in the literature; furthermore, an example of a 15-story building was used to compare the better performance of the algorithm implemented in Visual Basic for Applications (Excel) over that same example input in Primavera© P6 Professional V8.2.0, using five different scenarios.This research was supported by the FAPA program of Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia. The authors would like to thank the research group of Construction Engineering and Management (INgeco) of Universidad de Los Andes, and the five anonymous referees for their helpful and constructive suggestions.Ponz Tienda, JL.; Pellicer Armiñana, E.; Benlloch Marco, J.; Andrés Romano, C. (2015). The Fuzzy Project Scheduling Problem with Minimal Generalized Precedence Relations. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 30(11):872-891. doi:10.1111/mice.12166S8728913011Adeli, H., & Park, H. S. (1995). Optimization of space structures by neural dynamics. 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The NPS Platform Foundation

There are many well-adapted commercial simulation tools for specific problem domains. Many vendors concentrate on manufacturing, communications, and computer networks applications. The NPS Platform Foundation is a tool for modeling military platform engagements, and will support construction of a wide variety of models where platforms, sensors, humans, tactics, and information flow are important. Analysts (e.g. NPS thesis students) can use the Foundation's generic platform to configure or tailor objects to meet specific project needs by adding data to the performance database, by adding a layer of tactical methods, or by refining platform motion and sensor performance methods. Object- oriented simulation modelingNaval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.http://archive.org/details/npsplatformfound00bailNaval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

USING COMPUTER MODELS FOR DESIGN OF COMPLEX PIPELINE SYSTEMS

The main rules of computer models construction were developed, which intended for pipeline networks design and they were considered as single whole hydraulic systems. The construction of new sections is possible after their design in order to provide operation in given regime. In heat networks operation we see the following problems: irregular change in pressure between direct and return pipelines, increased pressure in return pipeline, misalignment of network and others. Their causes may be: undersize thickness of pipelines, reduction in diameter caused by scales in internal surfaces of pipes, closure of gate valves in sections of networks with big speeds of heat coolant, “parasitic” circulations and others. Efficient mean for determining the main reasons of these problems, they may be in any heat pipeline, and also for new heating pipe networks design we consider computer models, which allow to simulate (practically in the whole volume) hydraulic and temperature regimes of their work.  The purpose of work – using computer models for implementation of project of new heat removal pipe from Tolyatti central thermal station in order to heat the Central Region of Tolyatti, feeding from heat power station of the Volga car factory .With the help of developed computer model the location of equipment and their main characteristics were determined, they take into account joint work of two sources of heat (central thermal station of Tolyatti and the Volga car factory)

nD modelling: Industry uptake considerations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the key enablers and obstacles to the effective adoption and use of nD modelling technology. Design/methodology/approach – This paper explores the feasibility of industry absorbing and diffusing nD modelling technology by considering key technology transfer issues; namely, organisational direction, inter-organisational networks and the knowledge characteristics of technology. Findings from semi-structured interviews around a diagnostic technology transfer framework are used to offer implications for theory and practice. Findings – The results from 15 survey interviews indicate that construction professionals appreciate the potential significant benefits of nD modelling technology, but at present, nD modelling technology is seen as too embryonic; too far removed from construction firms' “comfort zones”; requiring too much investment; and, containing too many risks. Originality/value – The paper stresses that the challenge for nD modelling technology, along with any new technology, is to shift from its “technology push” emphasis, to a more balanced “market orientated” stance, which allows the technology to be shaped by both strategic design concerns, and day-to-day operational needs. If this trajectory is pursued, nD modelling technology could have a positive future

Issues Related to the Emergence of the Information Superhighway and California Societal Changes, IISTPS Report 96-4

The Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies (IISTPS) at San José State University (SJSU) conducted this project to review the continuing development of the Internet and the Information Superhighway. Emphasis was placed on an examination of the impact on commuting and working patterns in California, and an analysis of how public transportation agencies, including Caltrans, might take advantage of the new communications technologies. The document reviews the technology underlying the current Internet “structure” and examines anticipated developments. It is important to note that much of the research for this limited-scope project was conducted during 1995, and the topic is so rapidly evolving that some information is almost automatically “dated.” The report also examines how transportation agencies are basically similar in structure and function to other business entities, and how they can continue to utilize the emerging technologies to improve internal and external communications. As part of a detailed discussion of specific transportation agency functions, it is noted that the concept of a “Roundtable Forum,” growing out of developments in Concurrent Engineering, can provide an opportunity for representatives from multiple jurisdictions to utilize the Internet for more coordinated decision-making. The report also included an extensive analysis of demographic trends in California in recent years, such as commute and recreational activities, and identifies how the emerging technologies may impact future changes