Nonparametric efficiency and productivity change measurement of banks with corporate social responsibilities : the case for Ghana

This thesis has twofold objectives. The first is to develop a framework based on the existing theory and method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for measuring performance of financial firms that have the dual goals of profit maximisation and Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSRs). The second is to examine the impact of banking regulatory reforms including bank ownership, specialisation, and capitalisation types on the average efficiency and frontier differences of banking subgroups. The objectives are achieved using the standard DEA, the metafrontier analysis and the global frontier differences (GFD). DEA can handle multidimensional inputs and outputs without specifying specific functional forms. CSR is conceptually justified and modelled as an additional output into the banking intermediation approach. Two DEA models, one with CSR and another without CSR are measured and compared. Parametric and nonparametric tests and regressions are utilised to support, empirically, the relevance of CSR in bank performance evaluation. Do foreign banks outperform private-domestic and state banks? Should banks diversify their products or focus in narrow range of products and services? Are listed banks more efficient than non-listed banks? The second part of the thesis contributes to the extant literature by answering these questions using the metafrontier analysis and the GFD to provide new evidence on the effect that the entry of foreign and private-domestic banks, universal banking and listing of banks on the stock market, have on bank performance. Banks are segmented into groups based on their bank-specific attributes and their average efficiencies and bestpractice differences compared. Relevant policy recommendations are drawn from the analysis for both the banking regulator and bank management. The final methodological contribution extends the GFD by defining a further decomposition of the global frontier shift, into components that indicate whether an observation is situated in a more or less favourable location in the production possibility set. Consequently, a four-factor “Newly-decomposed Malmquist productivity change index” is proposed. The index and its decompositions have potentially interesting policy implications, which are illustrated using the empirical data on Ghanaian banks. The index is in the spirit of the standard Malmquist index but the intuition is that some components can be used to draw conclusions about productivity changes for a whole population of firms whilst others determine whether individual firms are in favourable locations and/or moving towards locations that are more favourable over time. More importantly, arguably, a listed, universal or foreign bank can be located in a favourable position and move towards location that is more favourable by virtue of its bank-specific attributes or by contributing more towards CSR. These factors are explored and policy measures prescribed in the final contribution of the thesis

Three empirical essays of efficiency and productivity in Chinese banking industry

This thesis is about measuring and interpreting banking efficiency in China. It consists of three empirical essays that use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in three novel ways to measure inefficiency. The first essay measures cost inefficiency of the 14 nationwide banks over the period 1997-2006. A rational model of rent-seeking behaviour is used to explain part of the cost inefficiency. Cost inefficiency is decomposed into X-inefficiency and Rent-seeking inefficiency and the latter is interpreted as symptomatic of rational decision making by the Chinese bank manager. The efficiency estimates are obtained from a Simar and Wilson (2000a) proposed bootstrap method. A second stage regression model explains that the rate of decline of the inefficiencies is faster for the joint-stock commercial banks (JSCBs) than for the state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs). The second essay, estimates total factor productivity (TFP) growth for SOCBs, JSCBs and city commercial banks (CCBs) for the period 1997-2007. The method of estimation is the Malmquist bootstrap method. This study finds that TFP growth did not improve significantly in the run up to WTO. Technical innovation was dominated by the big banks and efficiency gains were dominated by the CCBs. The third essay uses a network DEA (NDEA) framework to analyse profit efficiency between three profit centres within the bank, namely consumer, corporate and Treasury banking. The internal efficiencies of the state wide banks are analysed for the period 2007-2009. The study demonstrates the value of the NDEA method in aiding the manager to identify areas of inefficiency within the internal flow of funds of the bank. The results show Treasury operations have the lowest efficiency. This is partly caused by restrictions on the loan-deposit ratio that forces the banks to hold lower yielding other earning assets through their Treasury operations.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Three empirical essays on efficiency and productivity in Chinese banking industry

This thesis is about measuring and interpreting banking efficiency in China. It consists of three empirical essays that use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in three novel ways to measure inefficiency. The first essay measures cost inefficiency of the 14 nationwide banks over the period 1997-2006. A rational model of rent-seeking behaviour is used to explain part of the cost inefficiency. Cost inefficiency is decomposed into X-inefficiency and Rent-seeking inefficiency and the latter is interpreted as symptomatic of rational decision making by the Chinese bank manager. The efficiency estimates are obtained from a Simar and Wilson (2000a) proposed bootstrap method. A second stage regression model explains that the rate of decline of the inefficiencies is faster for the joint-stock commercial banks (JSCBs) than for the state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs). The second essay, estimates total factor productivity (TFP) growth for SOCBs, JSCBs and city commercial banks (CCBs) for the period 1997-2007. The method of estimation is the Malmquist bootstrap method. This study finds that TFP growth did not improve significantly in the run up to WTO. Technical innovation was dominated by the big banks and efficiency gains were dominated by the CCBs. The third essay uses a network DEA (NDEA) framework to analyse profit efficiency between three profit centres within the bank, namely consumer, corporate and Treasury banking. The internal efficiencies of the state wide banks are analysed for the period 2007-2009. The study demonstrates the value of the NDEA method in aiding the manager to identify areas of inefficiency within the internal flow of funds of the bank. The results show Treasury operations have the lowest efficiency. This is partly caused by restrictions on the loan-deposit ratio that forces the banks to hold lower yielding other earning assets through their Treasury operation

Factors affecting efficiency of public universities in Nigeria: Evidence from mixed-method approach

Public universities in Nigeria depend heavily on government financing. However, financing continues to be scarcer as the universities continuously receive pressures for enrolment, due to high demand for university education coupled with incessant strike actions from universities’ staff unions. It becomes a concern how these universities utilize their resources. This study assesses the relative efficiency of public universities, and determines the effects of exogenous factors affecting the efficiency of the public universities in Nigeria. The study uses mixed-method of quantitative and qualitative analyses. In the quantitative analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit regression are employed. Thematic interviews are conducted in 14 of the 18 universities and with a stakeholder representing the government so as to further answer the objectives of the study. Quantitative results show that only 2 out of the total 18 public universities are found to be fully efficient, positioned at the efficiency frontier line for the five different academic sessions and serve as the benchmark. On average, the relative technical efficiency for all universities over the period is 73.4%. The results also reveal significant difference in efficiency between federal and state universities. State universities are found to be more efficient than federal universities, with an average efficiency of 93.9%. The regression result reveals significant negative effects of funding on efficiency of the public universities. University size is found to be statistically significant and positively related with efficiency, while strike action is found to be negatively affecting the efficiency of public universities. The qualitative findings further reveal that misplacement of priority and inappropriate utilization of fund by the university management, poor quality research by staff, inadequate facilities, frequent disruptions of academic calendars, and poor quality graduates impinge on the efficiency of public universities in Nigeria

The doctoral research abstract. Vol:9 2016 / Institute of Graduate Studies, UiTM

FOREWORD: Seventy three doctoral graduands will be receiving their scroll today signifying their achievements in completing their PhD journey. The novelty of their research is shared with you through The Doctoral Abstracts on this auspicious occasion, UiTM 84th Convocation. We are indeed proud that another 73 scholarly contributions to the world of knowledge and innovation have taken place through their doctoral research ranging from Science and Technology, Business and Administration, and Social Science and Humanities. As we rejoice and celebrate your achievement, we would like to acknowledge dearly departed Dr Halimi Zakaria’s scholarly contribution entitled “Impact of Antecedent Factors on Collaborative Technologies Usage among Academic Researchers in Malaysian Research Universities”. He has left behind his discovery to be used by other researchers in their quest of pursuing research in the same area, a discovery that his family can be proud of. Graduands, earning your PhD is not the end of discovering new ideas, invention or innovation but rather the start of discovering something new. Enjoy every moment of its discovery and embrace that life is full of mystery and treasure that is waiting for you to unfold. As you unfold life’s mystery, remember you have a friend to count on, and that friend is UiTM. Congratulations for completing this academic journey. Keep UiTM close to your heart and be our ambassador wherever you go. / Prof Emeritus Dato’ Dr Hassan Said Vice Chancellor Universiti Teknologi MAR

The use of a national macro-environmental framework in selecting the appropriate airport ownership and management model.

The continuous increase in air traffic has placed pressure on governments to develop their airports in order to accommodate increasing demand. As a result, governments are opting to implement different airport ownership and management models, especially privatization, to finance the development of projects, improve operational and financial efficiency, and to enhance the quality of service of their airports. However, it has been observed that this trend towards airport privatization, especially in developing countries, has to a large extent been guided by international consultants who seldom appreciate local political, cultural and economic contexts within which airports are managed. Consequently, there have been many examples of privatization transactions, not achieving the required and expected outcomes. Therefore, this study proposes a framework to identify the airport ownership and management model that best suits the local circumstances of a country. The framework is based on five national macro-environmental factors that are found to be significantly influencing the efficiency of airports. These national macro-environmental factors are identified by first measuring the efficiency of a sample of international airports using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and secondly by conducting a truncated regression coupled with Simar and Wilson bootstrapping technique to test the significance of a set of national macro-environment factors on airport efficiency. The identification of these factors fills in the gap in the literature that is related to the relationship between the airport performance and non-discretionary variables. Finally, the proposed framework helps policymakers to identify which ownership and management model is most appropriate given prevailing national macro-environmental conditions.PhD in Transport System

Russian roulette from the Euromaidan protest to the Ukraine invasion: Is it different this time?

We scrutinise the impact of two periods of Russo-Ukraine strife: (a) the Russo-Ukraine war that started in February 2022; and (b) the Euromaidan protest of November 2013, on the financial markets. We observe severe ramifications in terms of abnormal returns, price discovery and time-varying herding between certain group of assets. Whereas the US dollar and the yen consistently serve as safe haven assets (proxied by negative or low unconditional correlations) to opposing countries' stock indexes and currencies in both periods, we generally document heterogeneity in the financial assets' degree of response to them

Natural Environment Management and Applied Systems Analysis

This volume contains papers from the NEMASA Konan-IIASA Joint Workshop on Natural Environment Management and Applied Systems Analysis, which took place at IIASA September 6-8, 2000. The workshop was an activity of the research project "Modeling by Computational Intelligence and its Application to Natural Environment Management." The project is being supported by the Hirao Taro Foundation of the Konan University Association for Academic Research, Kobe, Japan. The management of the natural environment -- in particular, the use of advanced agricultural practices -- poses a major challenge to modern society, but perhaps applied systems analysis can help. The workshop set was about to: present new concepts and methodologies for managing the environment, and offer an open forum for the exchange of ideas among research disciplines, especially between agro-environmental and applied systems analysis research and between researchers and practitioners. The paper deal with a range of topics. The editors have arranged them into the following categories: (1) modeling methodologies, (2) data analysis, (3) land use, (4) water management, and (5) applications

Soziale Netze als Determinanten vonTransaktionskosten landwirtschaftlicherBetriebe: ein ökonometrischer Ansatz

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich hauptsächlich mit dem mikroökonomischen Verhalten landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe. Dabei soll vor allem empirisch die Wirkung sozialer Netze auf Transaktionskosten auf landwirtschaftlichen Güter- und Faktormärkten untersucht werden. Für die empirische Untersuchung des Einflusses sozialer Netze auf Transaktionskosten werden Elemente aus der soziologischen Netzwerktheorie mit mikroökonomischer Produktionstheorie verbunden. Dieser Ansatz stellt — soweit dem Autor bekannt — eine wissenschaftliche Neuheit dar, da bisherige Arbeiten zu diesem Thema sich auf rein theoretische Aspekte konzentrieren und die wenigen empirischen Studien zu diesem Thema eher der soziologischen bzw. betriebswirtschaftlichen Forschung zuzuordnen sind und keinen Bezug zur ökonomischen Theorie herstellen. Die vorliegenden Beiträge untersuchen den Einfluss sozialer Netze auf verschiedene Aspekte von Transaktionskosten, des weiteren werden empirische Methoden untersucht und vorgestellt, die zur Lösung der oben vorgestellten Forschungsfragen beitragen sollen