2,468 research outputs found

    Undergraduate Catalog of Studies, 2023-2024

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    Graduate Catalog of Studies, 2023-2024

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    UMSL Bulletin 2023-2024

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    The 2023-2024 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1088/thumbnail.jp

    Graduate Catalog of Studies, 2023-2024

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    Multidisciplinary perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the law

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    This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics – and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Resource-aware scheduling for 2D/3D multi-/many-core processor-memory systems

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    This dissertation addresses the complexities of 2D/3D multi-/many-core processor-memory systems, focusing on two key areas: enhancing timing predictability in real-time multi-core processors and optimizing performance within thermal constraints. The integration of an increasing number of transistors into compact chip designs, while boosting computational capacity, presents challenges in resource contention and thermal management. The first part of the thesis improves timing predictability. We enhance shared cache interference analysis for set-associative caches, advancing the calculation of Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET). This development enables accurate assessment of cache interference and the effectiveness of partitioned schedulers in real-world scenarios. We introduce TCPS, a novel task and cache-aware partitioned scheduler that optimizes cache partitioning based on task-specific WCET sensitivity, leading to improved schedulability and predictability. Our research explores various cache and scheduling configurations, providing insights into their performance trade-offs. The second part focuses on thermal management in 2D/3D many-core systems. Recognizing the limitations of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) in S-NUCA many-core processors, we propose synchronous thread migrations as a thermal management strategy. This approach culminates in the HotPotato scheduler, which balances performance and thermal safety. We also introduce 3D-TTP, a transient temperature-aware power budgeting strategy for 3D-stacked systems, reducing the need for Dynamic Thermal Management (DTM) activation. Finally, we present 3QUTM, a novel method for 3D-stacked systems that combines core DVFS and memory bank Low Power Modes with a learning algorithm, optimizing response times within thermal limits. This research contributes significantly to enhancing performance and thermal management in advanced processor-memory systems

    UMSL Bulletin 2022-2023

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    The 2022-2023 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1087/thumbnail.jp

    Undergraduate Catalog of Studies, 2022-2023

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    Quality of experience and access network traffic management of HTTP adaptive video streaming

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    The thesis focuses on Quality of Experience (QoE) of HTTP adaptive video streaming (HAS) and traffic management in access networks to improve the QoE of HAS. First, the QoE impact of adaptation parameters and time on layer was investigated with subjective crowdsourcing studies. The results were used to compute a QoE-optimal adaptation strategy for given video and network conditions. This allows video service providers to develop and benchmark improved adaptation logics for HAS. Furthermore, the thesis investigated concepts to monitor video QoE on application and network layer, which can be used by network providers in the QoE-aware traffic management cycle. Moreover, an analytic and simulative performance evaluation of QoE-aware traffic management on a bottleneck link was conducted. Finally, the thesis investigated socially-aware traffic management for HAS via Wi-Fi offloading of mobile HAS flows. A model for the distribution of public Wi-Fi hotspots and a platform for socially-aware traffic management on private home routers was presented. A simulative performance evaluation investigated the impact of Wi-Fi offloading on the QoE and energy consumption of mobile HAS.Die Doktorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit Quality of Experience (QoE) – der subjektiv empfundenen Dienstgüte – von adaptivem HTTP Videostreaming (HAS) und mit Verkehrsmanagement, das in Zugangsnetzwerken eingesetzt werden kann, um die QoE des adaptiven Videostreamings zu verbessern. Zuerst wurde der Einfluss von Adaptionsparameters und der Zeit pro Qualitätsstufe auf die QoE von adaptivem Videostreaming mittels subjektiver Crowdsourcingstudien untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden benutzt, um die QoE-optimale Adaptionsstrategie für gegebene Videos und Netzwerkbedingungen zu berechnen. Dies ermöglicht Dienstanbietern von Videostreaming verbesserte Adaptionsstrategien für adaptives Videostreaming zu entwerfen und zu benchmarken. Weiterhin untersuchte die Arbeit Konzepte zum Überwachen von QoE von Videostreaming in der Applikation und im Netzwerk, die von Netzwerkbetreibern im Kreislauf des QoE-bewussten Verkehrsmanagements eingesetzt werden können. Außerdem wurde eine analytische und simulative Leistungsbewertung von QoE-bewusstem Verkehrsmanagement auf einer Engpassverbindung durchgeführt. Schließlich untersuchte diese Arbeit sozialbewusstes Verkehrsmanagement für adaptives Videostreaming mittels WLAN Offloading, also dem Auslagern von mobilen Videoflüssen über WLAN Netzwerke. Es wurde ein Modell für die Verteilung von öffentlichen WLAN Zugangspunkte und eine Plattform für sozialbewusstes Verkehrsmanagement auf privaten, häuslichen WLAN Routern vorgestellt. Abschließend untersuchte eine simulative Leistungsbewertung den Einfluss von WLAN Offloading auf die QoE und den Energieverbrauch von mobilem adaptivem Videostreaming

    Modelação e Negociação de Flexibilidade em Comunidades de Energia Renovável

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    The progressive replacement of traditional generation resources with intermittent resources has reduced the available supply-side flexibility and increased the need to unlock flexibility on the demand-side. At the same time, the rising electricity consumption in residential buildings requires an analysis of the potential flexibility of the loads within them to contribute to the operation needs of electrical grids. Lastly, regulations governing self consumption have allowed end consumers to form energy communities based on local electricity markets. This is an additional incentive to define strategies for trading available flexibility at local level, in separate but simultaneously integrated structures within wholesale electricity markets. The proposed dissertation work focuses on studying the flexibility of energy production and consumption by prosumers within a Renewable Energy Community (REC). The objective is to investigate how residential flexibility can be determined, modeled, and aggregated for trading in a local market created for this purpose. The work to be developed will present a two-stage model that determines residential technical flexibility and establishes a local market only for its transaction. In the first stage, the optimal scheduling of domestic devices (flexible units or FUs) for each prosumer is determined, serving as a baseline for comparison, along with the technical limits of flexibility (maximum and minimum possible consumption profiles) for each FU. In the second stage, a market model is established only for flexibility exchanges. The technical flexibility determined in the first stage is offered to the Community Manager (CM) as flexibility offer, with an associated price. This entity acts as an aggregator and simultaneously as the operator of the local market. At this level, the Distribution System Operator (DSO) submits its flexibility requirements for the next day to the CM, who is responsible for executing the clearing process. The pricing of the flexibility offered by prosumers in the market is based on the base energy tariff they are subject to, which corresponds to the cost of their optimal scheduling obtained in the first stage, without considering this flexibility. Therefore, offering flexibility becomes an incentive to reduce prosumers energy costs or increase their utility, complementing their mere participation in energy markets. A case study based on a renewable energy community with a strong penetration of emerging technologies is used to validate and demonstrate the relevance of the proposed approach in terms of determining and activating residential FU flexibility. The obtained results show that participation in the local flexibility market leads to a reduction in prosumers energy costs, around 4.5%, in average. It can be an incentive for prosumers to join RECs that would not only have local energy trading structures but also mechanisms for negotiating and sharing flexibility. In addition, it was evidenced that the impact of electric vehicle chargers and battery energy storage systems on the total flexibility offered and accepted in the market is much greater than that the impact of other small loads studied. This not only constitutes an incentive for the study of the operational flexibility of these resources but also for investments in these emerging technologies.A substituição progressiva dos recursos de geração tradicionais por recursos intermitentes tem reduzido a flexibilidade disponível do lado da oferta e aumentado a necessidade de desbloqueá-la do lado da procura. Ao mesmo tempo, o aumento do consumo de eletricidade nos edifícios residenciais obriga a que seja analisada a flexibilidade potencial das cargas que o constituem, de modo a contribuir para as necessidades de operação das redes elétricas. Por último, a regulamentação do autoconsumo, tem permitido aos consumidores finais constituir comunidades energéticas baseadas em mercados locais de eletricidade. Isto torna ainda mais importante a definição de estratégias para comercializar a flexibilidade disponível a esse nível, em estruturas de mercado local separadas, mas simultaneamente integradas nos mercados grossistas de eletricidade. O trabalho proposto para dissertação assenta no estudo da flexibilidade da produção e consumo de energia por parte dos prosumidores de uma Comunidade de Energia Renovável. O objetivo é estudar como a flexibilidade residencial pode ser determinada, modelada e agregada de modo a ser transacionada num mercado local criado para esse fim. Assim, o trabalho a ser desenvolvido apresentará um modelo de dois estágios que determina a flexibilidade técnica residencial e cria um mercado local exclusivo para transaciona-la. Numa primeira fase, determina-se o escalonamento óptimo dos dispositivos domésticos (unidades flexíveis ou UF) de cada prosumidor, o que constitui uma baseline de comparação, bem como os limites técnicos de flexibilidade (perfis de consumo máximos e mínimos possíveis) de cada UF. Num segundo estágio, é estabelecido um modelo de mercado apenas para trocas de flexibilidade. A flexibilidade técnica determinada no primeiro estágio é disponibilizada ao Gestor de Comunidade (CM), enquanto oferta de flexibilidade, com um preço associado. Esta entidade desempenha as funções de agregador e simultaneamente de operador do mercado local. A este nível, o Operador do Sistema de Distribuição (ORD) submete os seus requisitos de flexibilidade, para o dia seguinte, ao CM, que é responsável pelo executar o clearing. A precificação da flexibilidade oferecida pelos prosumidores em mercado é feita com base no valor da tarifa base de energia a que estão sujeitos, que corresponde ao custo do seu escalonamento ótimo, obtido no primeiro estágio, que não considera essa mesma flexibilidade. Portanto, oferecer flexibilidade torna-se um incentivo para reduzir os custos energéticos dos prosumidores ou aumentar a sua utilidade, o que complementa a sua mera participação nos mercados de energia. Um caso de estudo baseado numa comunidade de energia com forte penetração de tecnologias emergentes é utilizado e valida a metodologia desenvolvida. Para além disso é evidenciada a relevância da abordagem proposta em termos de determinação e ativação da flexibilidade de UFs residenciais os impactos das mesmas no fecho de mercado. Os resultados evidenciam que participação no mercado local de flexibilidade induz uma redução dos custos energéticos dos prosumidores, na casa 4.5%, em média. O impacto dos carregadores de veículos elétricos e dos sistemas de armazenamento de energia em baterias na flexibilidade total oferecida e aceite em mercado é muito superior ao de outras pequenas cargas estudadas. Tudo isto pode vir a resultar num incentivo ao investimento nos recursos referidos, bem como à associação de prosumidores em comunidades de energia renovável, onde para além de estruturas locais de comercialização de energia, existam outras que permitam a negociação e partilha de flexibilidade
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