427 research outputs found
Structured low-rank methods for robust 3D multi-shot EPI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has inherently slow acquisition speed, and Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI), as an efficient acquisition scheme, has been widely used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) where an image series with high temporal resolution is needed to measure neuronal activity. Recently, 3D multi-shot EPI which samples data from an entire 3D volume with repeated shots has been drawing growing interest for fMRI with its high isotropic spatial resolution, particularly at ultra-high fields. However, compared to single-shot EPI, multi-shot EPI is sensitive to any inter-shot instabilities, e.g., subject movement and even physiologically induced field fluctuations. These inter-shot inconsistencies can greatly negate the theoretical benefits of 3D multi-shot EPI over conventional 2D multi-slice acquisitions.
Structured low-rank image reconstruction which regularises under-sampled image reconstruction by exploiting the linear dependencies in MRI data has been successfully demonstrated in a variety of applications. In this thesis, a structured low-rank reconstruction method is optimised for 3D multi-shot EPI imaging together with a dedicated sampling pattern termed seg-CAIPI, in order to enhance the robustness to physiological fluctuations and improve the temporal stability of 3D multi-shot EPI for fMRI at 7T. Moreover, a motion compensated structured low-rank reconstruction framework is also presented for robust 3D multi-shot EPI which further takes into account inter-shot instabilities due to bulk motion. Lastly, this thesis also investigates into the improvement of structured low-rank reconstruction from an algorithmic perspective and presents the locally structured low-rank reconstruction scheme
High-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging at 7 Tesla: single-shot readout trajectories and their impact on signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution and accuracy
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a valuable imaging technique to study the brain in
vivo. However, the resolution of dMRI is limited by the low signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) of this technique. Various acquisition strategies have been
developed to achieve high resolutions, but they require long scan times.
Imaging at ultra-high fields (UHF) could further increase the SNR of
single-shot dMRI; however, the shorter T2* and the greater field
non-uniformities will degrade image quality. In this study, we investigated the
trade-off between the SNR and resolution of different k-space trajectories,
including echo planar imaging (EPI), partial Fourier EPI, and spiral, over a
range of resolutions at 7T. The effective resolution, spatial specificity and
sharpening effect were measured from the point spread function (PSF) of the
simulated diffusion sequences for a nominal resolution range of 0.6-1.8 mm.
In-vivo scans were acquired using the three readout trajectories. Field probes
were used to measure dynamic magnetic fields up to the 3rd order of spherical
harmonics. Using a static field map and the measured trajectories image
artifacts were corrected, leaving T2* effects as the primary source of
blurring. The effective resolution was examined in fractional anisotropy (FA)
maps. In-vivo scans were acquired to calculate the SNR. EPI trajectories had
the highest specificity, effective resolution, and image sharpening effect, but
also had substantially lower SNR. Spirals had significantly higher SNR, but
lower specificity. Line plots of the in-vivo scans in phase and frequency
encode directions showed ~0.2 units difference in FA values between the
different trajectories. The difference between the effective and nominal
resolution is greater for spirals than for EPI. However, the higher SNR of
spiral trajectories at UHFs allows us to achieve higher effective resolutions
compared to EPI and PF-EPI trajectories
Three-dimensional echo-shifted EPI with simultaneous blip-up and blip-down acquisitions for correcting geometric distortion
Purpose: Echo-planar imaging (EPI) with blip-up/down acquisition (BUDA) can
provide high-quality images with minimal distortions by using two readout
trains with opposing phase-encoding gradients. Because of the need for two
separate acquisitions, BUDA doubles the scan time and degrades the temporal
resolution when compared to single-shot EPI, presenting a major challenge for
many applications, particularly functional MRI (fMRI). This study aims at
overcoming this challenge by developing an echo-shifted EPI BUDA (esEPI-BUDA)
technique to acquire both blip-up and blip-down datasets in a single shot.
Methods: A three-dimensional (3D) esEPI-BUDA pulse sequence was designed by
using an echo-shifting strategy to produce two EPI readout trains. These
readout trains produced a pair of k-space datasets whose k-space trajectories
were interleaved with opposite phase-encoding gradient directions. The two
k-space datasets were separately reconstructed using a 3D SENSE algorithm, from
which time-resolved B0-field maps were derived using TOPUP in FSL and then
input into a forward model of joint parallel imaging reconstruction to correct
for geometric distortion. In addition, Hankel structured low-rank constraint
was incorporated into the reconstruction framework to improve image quality by
mitigating the phase errors between the two interleaved k-space datasets.
Results: The 3D esEPI-BUDA technique was demonstrated in a phantom and an fMRI
study on healthy human subjects. Geometric distortions were effectively
corrected in both phantom and human brain images. In the fMRI study, the visual
activation volumes and their BOLD responses were comparable to those from
conventional 3D echo-planar images. Conclusion: The improved imaging efficiency
and dynamic distortion correction capability afforded by 3D esEPI-BUDA are
expected to benefit many EPI applications.Comment: 8 figures, peer-reviewed journal pape
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