Protection of the Rights of Workers of Industrial Enterprises by International Humanitarian Law (on the Example of the War in Ukraine)

The purpose of the research is to assess the state of protection of the rights of workers of industrial enterprises from the viewpoint of both international and national legislation in the conditions of a full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. The research was conducted using qualitative analysis, formal-legal, logical-legal, system-functional methods, as well as the method of interpreting legal norms (method of legal hermeneutics). The paper states the insufficient effectiveness of the norms of modern international humanitarian law regarding the protection of the rights of workers of industrial enterprises in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. The paper describes the general and special regime of regulation of the rights of workers of industrial enterprises in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. For the first time, the authors proposed to understand the protection of the rights of individuals by international humanitarian law in both a broad and a narrow sense, and the meaning of such approaches was revealed. The publication developed recommendations for the protection of the rights of workers of industrial enterprises in the conditions of armed conflicts, recommendations which are important for the development of regulations, which indicates the practical significance of the paper

La valorisation du patrimoine industriel: la participation démocratique et la gouvernance

The process of patrimonialisation as the institutionalization of a practice of social character, the result of which is the valuation of cultural heritage, results from the declaration of good of common interest for humanity by UNESCO. Understanding the heritage process, its nature, the stakeholders involved and its dynamics is essential for the sustainability of cultural heritage, since the declaration alone is not enough to guarantee its protection. The participation of civil society is not a novelty in heritage protection practices, but it is also not a priority despite being a 'sine qua non' condition for the existence of the heritage. Democratic participation is a guarantee of the right to culture and occurs through the exercise of a 'combined capacity' of the citizen, internal capacities and adequate external conditions, which allow for the enjoyment of the common good and the exercise of these functions in the social context in the three dimensions of law: participation (freedom), access and contribution. Governance assumes a role as a methodology to ensure democratic participation through the balance of powers, resources and also as a composition of interests. The efficient management of industrial heritage and the governance of new vocations in the field of public policies should propose solutions closer to the most diverse realities. The future with sustainability and quality of life based on culture is conditioned by integrated and synergistic action between cultural heritage, territory and citizens, through democratic participation supported by governance on a local scale; RÉSUMÉ: Le processus de patrimonialisation comme institutionnalisation d'une pratique à caractère social, dont le résultat est la valorisation du patrimoine culturel, résulte de la déclaration de bien d'intérêt commun pour l'humanité par l'UNESCO. La compréhension du processus patrimonial, de sa nature, des acteurs impliqués et de sa dynamique est essentielle pour la durabilité du patrimoine culturel, car la déclaration seule ne suffit pas à garantir sa protection. La participation de la société civile n'est pas une nouveauté dans les pratiques de protection du patrimoine, mais elle n'est pas non plus une priorité bien qu'elle soit une condition "sine qua non" de l'existence du patrimoine. La participation démocratique est une garantie du droit à la culture et se produit par l'exercice d'une "capacité combinée" du citoyen, des capacités internes et des conditions externes adéquates, qui permettent la jouissance du bien commun et l'exercice de ces fonctions dans le contexte social dans les trois dimensions du droit : la participation (liberté), l'accès et la contribution. La gouvernance assume un rôle de méthodologie pour assurer la participation démocratique par l'équilibre des pouvoirs, des ressources et aussi comme une composition d'intérêts. La gestion efficace du patrimoine industriel et la gouvernance de nouvelles vocations dans le domaine des politiques publiques doivent proposer des solutions plus proches des réalités les plus diverses. Un avenir où la durabilité et la qualité de vie seront fondées sur la culture est conditionné par une action intégrée et synergique entre le patrimoine culturel, le territoire et les citoyens, grâce à une participation démocratique soutenue par une gouvernance à l'échelle locale

On the Cusp of Water War: A Diagnostic Account of the Volatile Geopolitics of the Middle East

This paper provides a diagnostic account of the nature and severity of the trans-boundary water resources conflict in the Middle East and how it is intertwined with issues of high politics. The concepts and analytical framework provided in this paper represent universal principles that, while applying to the Middle East water conflict, are also reflective of and applicable to many other disputes over natural resources around the world. This aspect about the research is particularly of great interest to the quest and scope of many other researches, considering the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is regarded as the sine qua non from which many troubling aspects emanate in different part of the Middle East and beyond. By outlining the problem and the root causes and nature of the water crisis in arid regions, this paper seeks to provide evidence of lack of equitable water sharing in the status quo water allocation and ample justification for the need to apply equitable principles to promote cooperation and peace. More precisely, this research will reflect on the way in which conflicting representations of hydrological resources have created tension, conflict, and injustice in general, with particular emphasis on the Middle East water conflict issues of the occupied territories, namely the Palestinian territories and the Golan Heights

Chain of Responsibility in Land Transportation Associated with Overloading Activities

Heavy vehicles are one of the modes of land transportation in Indonesia in the activity of transporting goods. A large number of transport companies creates business competition related to the supply of freight costs. To get more profit, transportation companies practice over dimension and overloading. Overloading which is more prevalent in transportation, causes losses for various groups. One of the losses can impact workers in a transportation company where the liability for the crew of the vehicle is not regulated in detail. The existence of the principle of Chain of Responsibility in regulations regarding the transportation of heavy vehicles aims to expand the responsibility for losses incurred, such as overloading practices. This principle ensures that all subjects in the logistics chain have the duty to ensure compliance with regulations, including truck owners, transportation operators, goods senders, and goods recipients.  This study discusses the responsibility of the parties in the delivery of goods related to overloading and recognizes the concept of Chain of Responsibility in transportation by land in overloading practices. The research method used is empirical juridical with a conceptual approach and a statute approach. For these problems, this study aims to analyze the accountability of the parties in overloading activities and to recognize the concept of Chain of Responsibility in land transportation in overloading practices

Exploring Indicators and Determinants to Evaluate Innovation in Tourism Firms – A Systematic Literature Review

Innovation is consensually recognized as a sine qua non factor for tourism firms\u27 competitiveness. There is, however, less consensus on the way to assess it since its determinants, implicitly present in the concepts of innovation, which are based on typologies, have not yet been clearly defined. This is a central question that few researchers have tried to address. Thus, in this article, a systematic literature review was developed with the objective of presenting the state-of-the-art on the evaluation of firm-level innovation in tourism, highlighting its indicators. From the full analysis of 35 articles, it is noteworthy that the topic was analyzed in European, American, African, Asian, and Oceania contexts. As central elements, human resources management, quality, resources, projects, and knowledge (supported or not by technologies) are fundamental to evaluating innovation (predominantly incremental) in an industry where companies are easily subject to imitation by their competitors. The nature of innovation in its individual, structural, interactive, and/or systemic perspectives has been described based on the apprehension of managers\u27 conceptions and conduct. As a challenge to be overcome by future investigations, the need to establish parameters for the quantification of the various indicators captured and, consequently, classification scales based on scores are pointed out