Cores of Countably Categorical Structures

A relational structure is a core, if all its endomorphisms are embeddings. This notion is important for computational complexity classification of constraint satisfaction problems. It is a fundamental fact that every finite structure has a core, i.e., has an endomorphism such that the structure induced by its image is a core; moreover, the core is unique up to isomorphism. Weprove that every \omega -categorical structure has a core. Moreover, every \omega-categorical structure is homomorphically equivalent to a model-complete core, which is unique up to isomorphism, and which is finite or \omega -categorical. We discuss consequences for constraint satisfaction with \omega -categorical templates

List covering of regular multigraphs

A graph covering projection, also known as a locally bijective homomorphism, is a mapping between vertices and edges of two graphs which preserves incidencies and is a local bijection. This notion stems from topological graph theory, but has also found applications in combinatorics and theoretical computer science. It has been known that for every fixed simple regular graph $H$ of valency greater than 2, deciding if an input graph covers $H$ is NP-complete. In recent years, topological graph theory has developed into heavily relying on multiple edges, loops, and semi-edges, but only partial results on the complexity of covering multigraphs with semi-edges are known so far. In this paper we consider the list version of the problem, called \textsc{List-$H$-Cover}, where the vertices and edges of the input graph come with lists of admissible targets. Our main result reads that the \textsc{List-$H$-Cover} problem is NP-complete for every regular multigraph $H$ of valency greater than 2 which contains at least one semi-simple vertex (i.e., a vertex which is incident with no loops, with no multiple edges and with at most one semi-edge). Using this result we almost show the NP-co/polytime dichotomy for the computational complexity of \textsc{ List-$H$-Cover} of cubic multigraphs, leaving just five open cases.Comment: Accepted to IWOCA 202

On a stronger reconstruction notion for monoids and clones

Motivated by reconstruction results by Rubin, we introduce a new reconstruction notion for permutation groups, transformation monoids and clones, called automatic action compatibility, which entails automatic homeomorphicity. We further give a characterization of automatic homeomorphicity for transformation monoids on arbitrary carriers with a dense group of invertibles having automatic homeomorphicity. We then show how to lift automatic action compatibility from groups to monoids and from monoids to clones under fairly weak assumptions. We finally employ these theorems to get automatic action compatibility results for monoids and clones over several well-known countable structures, including the strictly ordered rationals, the directed and undirected version of the random graph, the random tournament and bipartite graph, the generic strictly ordered set, and the directed and undirected versions of the universal homogeneous Henson graphs.Comment: 29 pp; Changes v1-->v2::typos corr.|L3.5+pf extended|Rem3.7 added|C. Pech found out that arg of L5.3-v1 solved Probl2-v1|L5.3, C5.4, Probl2 of v1 removed|C5.2, R5.4 new, contain parts of pf of L5.3-v1|L5.2-v1 is now L5.3,merged with concl of C5.4-v1,L5.3-v2 extends C5.4-v1|abstract, intro updated|ref[24] added|part of L5.3-v1 is L2.1(e)-v2, another part merged with pf of L5.2-v1 => L5.3-v

First-order limits, an analytical perspective

In this paper we present a novel approach to graph (and structural) limits based on model theory and analysis. The role of Stone and Gelfand dualities is displayed prominently and leads to a general theory, which we believe is naturally emerging. This approach covers all the particular examples of structural convergence and it put the whole in new context. As an application, it leads to new intermediate examples of structural convergence and to a "grand conjecture" dealing with sparse graphs. We survey the recent developments

Permutation monoids and MB-homogeneity for graphs and relational structures

In this paper we investigate the connection between infinite permutation monoids and bimorphism monoids of first-order structures. Taking our lead from the study of automorphism groups of structures as infinite permutation groups and the more recent developments in the field of homomorphism-homogeneous structures, we establish a series of results that underline this connection. Of particular interest is the idea of MB-homogeneity; a relational structure M is MB-homogeneous if every monomorphism between finite substructures of M extends to a bimorphism of M. The results in question include a characterisation of closed permutation monoids, a Fraisse-like theorem for MB-homogeneous structures, and the construction of 2ℵ0 pairwise non-isomorphic countable MB-homogeneous graphs. We prove that any finite group arises as the automorphism group of some MB-homogeneous graph and use this to construct oligomorphic permutation monoids with any given finite group of units. We also consider MB-homogeneity for various well-known examples of homogeneous structures and in particular give a complete classification of countable homogeneous undirected graphs that are also MB-homogeneous

Homomorphisms of (j,k)-mixed graphs

A mixed graph is a simple graph in which a subset of the edges have been assigned directions to form arcs. For non-negative integers j and k, a (j,k)−mixed graph is a mixed graph with j types of arcs and k types of edges. The collection of (j,k)−mixed graphs contains simple graphs ((0,1)−mixed graphs), oriented graphs ((1,0)−mixed graphs) and k−edge- coloured graphs ((0,k)−mixed graphs).A homomorphism is a vertex mapping from one (j,k)−mixed graph to another in which edge type is preserved, and arc type and direction are preserved. The (j,k)−chromatic number of a (j,k)−mixed graph is the least m such that an m−colouring exists. When (j,k)=(0,1), we see that these definitions are consistent with the usual definitions of graph homomorphism and graph colouring.In this thesis we study the (j,k)−chromatic number and related parameters for different families of graphs, focussing particularly on the (1,0)−chromatic number, more commonly called the oriented chromatic number, and the (0,k)−chromatic number.In addition to considering vertex colourings, we also consider incidence colourings of both graphs and digraphs. Using systems of distinct representatives, we provide a new characterisation of the incidence chromatic number. We define the oriented incidence chromatic number and find, by way of digraph homomorphism, a connection between the oriented incidence chromatic number and the chromatic number of the underlying graph. This connection motivates our study of the oriented incidence chromatic number of symmetric complete digraphs.Un graphe mixte est un graphe simple tel que un sous-ensemble des arêtes a une orientation. Pour entiers non négatifs j et k, un graphe mixte-(j,k) est un graphe mixte avec j types des arcs and k types des arêtes. La famille de graphes mixte-(j,k) contient graphes simple, (graphes mixte−(0,1)), graphes orienté (graphes mixte−(1,0)) and graphe coloré arête −k (graphes mixte−(0,k)).Un homomorphisme est un application sommet entre graphes mixte−(j,k) que tel les types des arêtes sont conservés et les types des arcs et leurs directions sont conservés. Le nombre chromatique−(j,k) d’un graphe mixte−(j,k) est le moins entier m tel qu’il existe un homomorphisme à une cible avec m sommets. Quand on observe le cas de (j,k) = (0,1), on peut déterminer ces définitions correspondent à les définitions usuel pour les graphes.Dans ce mémoire on etude le nombre chromatique−(j,k) et des paramètres similaires pour diverses familles des graphes. Aussi on etude les coloration incidence pour graphes and digraphs. On utilise systèmes de représentants distincts et donne une nouvelle caractérisation du nombre chromatique incidence. On define le nombre chromatique incidence orienté et trouves un connexion entre le nombre chromatique incidence orienté et le nombre chromatic du graphe sous-jacent