Model-based design of coordinated traffic controllers

Modern transportation systems optimize traffic flows in road networks by allowing intersection-level traffic controllers to communicate and synchronize. Typically they are distributed systems, with multiple nodes (intersections) communicating with each other in real time. This paper proposes a design process for traffic coordination systems using model driven engineering (MDE), a paradigm used to design complex embedded systems in automotive and aerospace. The approach combines a conventional micro-simulator (AIMSUN) with a state of the art control modelling tool (Simulink) following a model-view-controller approach. The MDE approach allows for both micro-simulation (on a PC) and emulation (using embedded controllers). Once the model is validated, automatic code generation can be used to generate the implementation of the system on embedded devices. As a case study, the authors designed a SCATS-inspired coordinated intersection control system. To the authors' knowledge, the proposed approach is the first, fully automated approach for the design of complex intelligent transportation systems (ITS)

Constructing Neural Network-Based Models for Simulating Dynamical Systems

Dynamical systems see widespread use in natural sciences like physics, biology, chemistry, as well as engineering disciplines such as circuit analysis, computational fluid dynamics, and control. For simple systems, the differential equations governing the dynamics can be derived by applying fundamental physical laws. However, for more complex systems, this approach becomes exceedingly difficult. Data-driven modeling is an alternative paradigm that seeks to learn an approximation of the dynamics of a system using observations of the true system. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in data-driven modeling techniques, in particular neural networks have proven to provide an effective framework for solving a wide range of tasks. This paper provides a survey of the different ways to construct models of dynamical systems using neural networks. In addition to the basic overview, we review the related literature and outline the most significant challenges from numerical simulations that this modeling paradigm must overcome. Based on the reviewed literature and identified challenges, we provide a discussion on promising research areas

Model of Brain Activation Predicts the Neural Collective Influence Map of the Brain

Efficient complex systems have a modular structure, but modularity does not guarantee robustness, because efficiency also requires an ingenious interplay of the interacting modular components. The human brain is the elemental paradigm of an efficient robust modular system interconnected as a network of networks (NoN). Understanding the emergence of robustness in such modular architectures from the interconnections of its parts is a long-standing challenge that has concerned many scientists. Current models of dependencies in NoN inspired by the power grid express interactions among modules with fragile couplings that amplify even small shocks, thus preventing functionality. Therefore, we introduce a model of NoN to shape the pattern of brain activations to form a modular environment that is robust. The model predicts the map of neural collective influencers (NCIs) in the brain, through the optimization of the influence of the minimal set of essential nodes responsible for broadcasting information to the whole-brain NoN. Our results suggest new intervention protocols to control brain activity by targeting influential neural nodes predicted by network theory.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure

Principles of strategic system security “object – information technology”

Проаналізовано аспекти безпеки техногенних об’єктів та безпеки інформаційних технологій (ІТ). Уведено поняття “стратегічна безпека об’єктів” та розроблено комплексну модель стратегічної безпеки структури “об’єкт – ІТ”. Запропоновано парадигму побудови ІТ для задач контролю фактичного стану промислових об’єктів на основі структури стратегічна безпека “об’єкт – ІТ” – інфраструктура інформатизації – концепція створення ІТ, що дає підстави для цілісного вирішення проблеми ресурсу і безпечної експлуатації об’єктів відповідно до методології розроблення ІТ, методології безпеки ІТ, стандартизації.Security aspects of anthropogenic objects and IT security aspects were analyzed. A concept of ‘strategic security of objects’ was introduced and a complex model of strategic security of the system ‘object – IT’ was developed on the level ‘working capacity and dependability’. There was proposed a paradigm to build IT selection of mixed data for controlling tasks of actual conditions on the basis of the strategic security structure ‘object – IT’ – infrastructure of informational support – concept of IT development. System conception as a paradigm core which is orinted on the development of: methodologies for creation of IT data selection on the complex approach level to determine the parameters under workability structure: object - IT - metrological tools; IT-security methodology, as the main instrument of industrial infrastructure according to the standartization system with the purpose of making effective management decisions at the level of "defect - damage - destruction: detection - assessment - classification" Metodology of IT-security based on clasification of possible threats for information resources, systems, processes, networks, management forms a set of methods and tools of securit according to the system, regulatory and complex models and is inseparately directed to the providing of information security on "leakage - modification - destruction" level, under critical for informational, technological, structural threats. Standartizatizational of information tool in terminology context and formation of the concept of information resources is a basis for the standardizing methods of IT-creation for the tasks of problems station managing. Paradigm of IT-selection construction and heterogeneous data processing is the basis for providing: workability of man-made objects in emergence control and defects evolution of construction level, assessment of hydrogen degradaion level of metals, materials sress-strain state determination; automation control systems protection that comprehensively describes the approaches to the resource solution and safe equipment operation in the areas in question

A Comprehensive Review on Time Sensitive Networks with a Special Focus on Its Applicability to Industrial Smart and Distributed Measurement Systems

The groundbreaking transformations triggered by the Industry 4.0 paradigm have dramati-cally reshaped the requirements for control and communication systems within the factory systems of the future. The aforementioned technological revolution strongly affects industrial smart and distributed measurement systems as well, pointing to ever more integrated and intelligent equipment devoted to derive accurate measurements. Moreover, as factory automation uses ever wider and complex smart distributed measurement systems, the well-known Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm finds its viability also in the industrial context, namely Industrial IoT (IIoT). In this context, communication networks and protocols play a key role, directly impacting on the measurement accuracy, causality, reliability and safety. The requirements coming both from Industry 4.0 and the IIoT, such as the coexistence of time-sensitive and best effort traffic, the need for enhanced horizontal and vertical integration, and interoperability between Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT), fostered the development of enhanced communication subsystems. Indeed, established tech-nologies, such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi, widespread in the consumer and office fields, are intrinsically non-deterministic and unable to support critical traffic. In the last years, the IEEE 802.1 Working Group defined an extensive set of standards, comprehensively known as Time Sensitive Networking (TSN), aiming at reshaping the Ethernet standard to support for time-, mission-and safety-critical traffic. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of the TSN Working Group standardization activity is provided, while contextualizing TSN within the complex existing industrial technological panorama, particularly focusing on industrial distributed measurement systems. In particular, this paper has to be considered a technical review of the most important features of TSN, while underlining its applicability to the measurement field. Furthermore, the adoption of TSN within the Wi-Fi technology is addressed in the last part of the survey, since wireless communication represents an appealing opportunity in the industrial measurement context. In this respect, a test case is presented, to point out the need for wirelessly connected sensors networks. In particular, by reviewing some literature contributions it has been possible to show how wireless technologies offer the flexibility necessary to support advanced mobile IIoT applications