236 research outputs found
A mapping study on documentation in Continuous Software Development
Context: With an increase in Agile, Lean, and DevOps software methodologies over the last years (collectively referred to as Continuous Software Development (CSD)), we have observed that documentation is often poor. Objective: This work aims at collecting studies on documentation challenges, documentation practices, and tools that can support documentation in CSD. Method: A systematic mapping study was conducted to identify and analyze research on documentation in CSD, covering publications between 2001 and 2019. Results: A total of 63 studies were selected. We found 40 studies related to documentation practices and challenges, and 23 studies related to tools used in CSD. The challenges include: informal documentation is hard to understand, documentation is considered as waste, productivity is measured by working software only, documentation is out-of-sync with the software and there is a short-term focus. The practices include: non-written and informal communication, the usage of development artifacts for documentation, and the use of architecture frameworks. We also made an inventory of numerous tools that can be used for documentation purposes in CSD. Overall, we recommend the usage of executable documentation, modern tools and technologies to retrieve information and transform it into documentation, and the practice of minimal documentation upfront combined with detailed design for knowledge transfer afterwards. Conclusion: It is of paramount importance to increase the quantity and quality of documentation in CSD. While this remains challenging, practitioners will benefit from applying the identified practices and tools in order to mitigate the stated challenges
Food and sustainability: the sustainable food system index
Sustainable transitions have become the guiding principles of todayâs century with food systems at
the core of it. Food and nutrition illustrate a basic human need, inevitable for any living organism, and
deeply entangled within the ecosystem. Thus, food systems represent predominant endeavours when
aiming towards Agenda 2030. In line with displaying complex socio-ecological processes, heavily affected by ongoing interrelations among human and natural components, three categories identify as crucial for sustainable food systems â food security, ecosystem stability and resilience and sociocultural
wellbeing. In combination with the research aim of assessing the sustainability degree of performing
food systems in place, a Sustainable Food System Index (SFSI) has been established. The SFSI measures
food system sustainability across 33 countries among 3 categories and 9 dimensions by employing 39
indicators, 65 sub-indicators and 38 sub-sub-indicators. The results display the varying degree of sustainable food systems among performing countries across selected indicators. The overall index score
highlights Sweden as the front runner, closely followed by France and the United Kingdom, while laggards illustrate Ethiopia, Nigeria and India. With food systems being caught in a vicious circle with the
ecosystem and the environment, economically poor regions are particularly vulnerable due to its smallholder dependency on agricultural systems. The SFSI outcomes provide more insights into the sustainabilityâs state of analysed food systems in the categories of food safety, ecosystem stability and resilience, as well as sociocultural wellbeing and might serve as foundation for future sustainable food system
research.TransiçÔes sustentĂĄveis tĂȘm se tornado os princĂpios orientadores do sĂ©culo de hoje, com sistemas alimentares em seu nĂșcleo. Alimentação e nutrição ilustram uma necessidade humana bĂĄsica, inevitĂĄvel para qualquer organismo vivo e, profundamente entrelaçada com o ecossistema. Assim, sistemas alimentares representam esforços predominantes ao focar na Agenda 2030. Em consonĂąncia com a apresentação de processos socio-ecolĂłgicos complexos, fortemente afetados por interrelaçÔes entre componentes naturais e humanos em curso, trĂȘs categorias identificam-se como essenciais aos sistemas alimentares sustentĂĄveis: segurança alimentar, estabilidade e resiliĂȘncia do ecossistema, e bem-estar sociocultural. Em combinação com o objetivo da pesquisa de avaliar o grau de desempenho de sustentabilidade de sistemas alimentares decorrentes, foi criado um Ăndice de Sistema Alimentar SustentĂĄvel (SAS). O SAS mede a sustentabilidade do sistema alimentar em 33 paĂses dentro de 3 categorias e 9 dimensĂ”es ao empregar 39 indicadores, 65 sub-indicadores e 38 sub-sub indicadores. Os resultados mostram o grau variĂĄvel de sistemas alimentares sustentĂĄveis entre paĂses nos indicadores
selecionados. O resultado geral do Ăndice destaca a SuĂ©cia como lĂder, seguida de perto por França e
Reino Unido, enquanto como retardatĂĄrios ilustram EtiĂłpia, NigĂ©ria e Ăndia. Com sistemas alimentares
sendo apanhados em cĂrculos viciosos com o ecossistema e meio-ambiente, regiĂ”es economicamente
pobres sĂŁo particularmente vulnerĂĄveis devido a suas baixas dependĂȘncias em sistemas de agricultura.
Os resultados do SAS fornecem mais insights no estado da sustentabilidade dos sistemas alimentares
analisados nas categorias de segurança alimentar, estabilidade e resiliĂȘncia do ecossistema, tanto quanto
de bem-estar sociocultural e, deve servir como fundação para futuras pesquisas sobre sistema alimentar
sustentĂĄvel
Solid Waste Management (SWM) at a University Campus (Part 1/10): Comprehensive-Review on Legal Framework and Background to Waste Management, at a Global Context
This-work, being the-first, in-a-series of 10, was intended to-provide a-sufficient-introductory to SWM; yet, it can also-be-treated-as an-independent and a-complete-piece. This-article starts-with a-concentrated-digest (synthesized from over 400 published-reference-documents), providing a-starting point, for readers, interested in-advanced-investigation on the-topic. As-such, the-following-issues were presented and analyzed: SWM history; Global and regional-generation-rates; WM-âvalue-chainâ; SWM-technologies; Impacts of uncontrolled-SW; International-Conventions, Protocols, Agreements, and commitments, addressing SWM, and their-analysis; as-well-as Global-SWM-practices (including municipal-waste management) and current-challenges, incorporating POPs. It was concluded, that waste is completely-unavoidable in-any, and every-human-activity; however, the-way the-waste is handled, stored, collected, and disposed-off, will-determine the-quality of our-surrounding-environment, to-be-either; clean, pleasant, healthy, and sustainable, or filthy, disgusting, harmful, and wasteful. The-way each-individual, company/organization, government, and society, at-large, deal with their-waste, will-eventually-determine our-own-future, as-humans. The-study also justified, that the-waste should-be-treated as a-resource, as it still-contains many-valuable-materials. The-study also-offered a-new-analogy; the-sustainable SWM-system should-be analogous to-a-digestive-system, extracting all-the-recyclables from the-waste, and only then discarding, the-small-remainder/waste. The-author, also-believes that Recycling (with a-capital R) is the-future of human-civilization; however, it must be done in the-environmentally sound-sustainable-manner, to-protect health of workers, and also to-extract the-optimum-amount of valuable-materials, from the-waste. This-study also-exposed, that despite the-existence of International, regional, and multilateral-agreements, illegal-trafficking of hazardous, toxic, radioactive, and e-waste, is still widely-practiced. Such-practices can-be regarded-as Environmental-racism, conducted by, or with the-help of, an-international-âeco-mafiaâ. Environmental-racism was analyzed against human-rights; in-the-context of both; the-Universal-Declaration of Human-Rights and the-generation-approach. The-author also-justified, that Environmental-racism is real, alive, and widespread-global-trend, affecting many, if not all-countries. Environmental-racism is a-sin, against humanity; logically, as any-sin, it should-be exposed, condemned, and fought against, with every-fibre, of impartiality, left in-us. The-study also-exposed an-increasing-interest of majority of African-countries in inherently-dangerous nuclear-energy (with its-by-product--radioactive-waste); the-recommendation was offered, to-shift their-interest to clean/green/renewable-energy-sector, particularly solar-energy. There is also a-common-prejudiced stereotyped-misconception, that, in-the-developed-countries almost-everything (including WM) is: superior, brainy, flawless, highly-organized, and tidy; in-contrast, in-developing countries, and particularly in-the-âdarkâ-continent of Africa, almost-everything (including WM) is substandard, mediocre, unsound, ad-hoc, and filthy. The-selected-examples, provided in-this-paper, will, possibly, demonstrate, that the-current-situation, at-least, with-regard-to WM, is not so âblack and whiteâ. This-paper has also-offered several-recommendations for further-research. Lastly, this-article does not claim to-be fully comprehensive, as it-is physically-impossible âto-fill an-ocean into a-small-cupâ, and even the-most-comprehensive-review, have to-stop, at a-certain-point. Nevertheless, the-cohesive-theoretical-background, alongside-with authorâs analytical-scholarly-input, hopefully provides a-credible-contribution to-the-body of knowledge, on-the-subject-matter, as-well-as a âfood-for-thoughtâ. With anticipation, this-work will not only attract, but also hold, considerable-attention, from SWM stakeholders, and other-interested-parties, both; locally and internationally. Keywords: Environmental racism, Convention, human rights, âecoâ mafia, POPs, e-waste, toxic, hazardous, radioactive, nuclear plants, solar energy, Africa.
Cultural Heritage Storytelling, Engagement and Management in the Era of Big Data and the Semantic Web
The current Special Issue launched with the aim of further enlightening important CH areas, inviting researchers to submit original/featured multidisciplinary research works related to heritage crowdsourcing, documentation, management, authoring, storytelling, and dissemination. Audience engagement is considered very important at both sites of the CH productionâconsumption chain (i.e., push and pull ends). At the same time, sustainability factors are placed at the center of the envisioned analysis. A total of eleven (11) contributions were finally published within this Special Issue, enlightening various aspects of contemporary heritage strategies placed in todayâs ubiquitous society. The finally published papers are related but not limited to the following multidisciplinary topics:Digital storytelling for cultural heritage;Audience engagement in cultural heritage;Sustainability impact indicators of cultural heritage;Cultural heritage digitization, organization, and management;Collaborative cultural heritage archiving, dissemination, and management;Cultural heritage communication and education for sustainable development;Semantic services of cultural heritage;Big data of cultural heritage;Smart systems for Historical cities â smart cities;Smart systems for cultural heritage sustainability
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses in the European Context. Evaluation of relevant measures to support low-carbon mobility in the public transport sector
Goal and Background. Transport represents 27% of Europe's Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and is the main cause of air pollution in cities. With the global shift towards a low-carbon economy, the EU set forth a lowemission mobility strategy with the aim of reducing the overall emissions in the transport sector. The High V.LO.-City project is part of this overarching strategy and addresses the integration of hydrogen fuel cell (H2FC) buses in the public transport. Methods. In this thesis, the environmental assessment of one H2FC bus and the related refuelling station is carried out using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, taking into account the following phases: (1) bus production, (2) hydrogen production pathways (water electrolysis, chlor-alkali electrolysis, and steam methane reforming), (3) hydrogen consumption during bus operation, and (4) the vehicles' end of life. The potential impacts are evaluated for magnitude and signi cance in the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase, using Environmental Footprint (EF) method which is part of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) method, established by the European Union (EU) in 2013. The calculated fuel economy is around 10.54 KgH2/100Km and the energy demand of a refuelling infrastructure may vary between 6 and 9 KWh/KgH2. Results. The results show that H2FC buses have the potential to reduce emissions during the use phase if renewables resources are used. The expected Global Warming Potential (GWP) bene t is about 85% in comparison to a diesel bus. Additionally, the emissions of the selected patterns of hydrogen production depend on how electricity is produced and on the chemical-based or fossil-based feedstocks used to drive the production process. Conclusions and Outlook. The improvement of the environmental pro le of hydrogen production requires to promote clean electricity sources to supply a low-carbon hydrogen and to sharpen policy focus with regard to life cycle management, and to counter potential setbacks, in particular those related to problem-shifting and to grid improvement
13th International Conference on Modeling, Optimization and Simulation - MOSIM 2020
ComitĂ© dâorganisation: UniversitĂ© Internationale dâAgadir â Agadir (Maroc) Laboratoire Conception Fabrication Commande â Metz (France)Session RS-1 âSimulation et Optimisationâ / âSimulation and Optimizationâ Session RS-2 âPlanification des Besoins MatiĂšres PilotĂ©e par la Demandeâ / âDemand-Driven Material Requirements Planningâ Session RS-3 âIngĂ©nierie de SystĂšmes BasĂ©es sur les ModĂšlesâ / âModel-Based System Engineeringâ Session RS-4 âRecherche OpĂ©rationnelle en Gestion de Productionâ / "Operations Research in Production Management" Session RS-5 "Planification des MatiĂšres et des Ressources / Planification de la Productionâ / âMaterial and Resource Planning / Production Planning" Session RS-6 âMaintenance Industrielleâ / âIndustrial Maintenanceâ Session RS-7 "Etudes de Cas Industrielsâ / âIndustrial Case Studies" Session RS-8 "DonnĂ©es de Masse / Analyse de DonnĂ©esâ / âBig Data / Data Analytics" Session RS-9 "Gestion des SystĂšmes de Transportâ / âTransportation System Management" Session RS-10 "Economie Circulaire / DĂ©veloppement Durable" / "Circular Economie / Sustainable Development" Session RS-11 "Conception et Gestion des ChaĂźnes Logistiquesâ / âSupply Chain Design and Management" Session SP-1 âIntelligence Artificielle & Analyse de DonnĂ©es pour la Production 4.0â / âArtificial Intelligence & Data Analytics in Manufacturing 4.0â Session SP-2 âGestion des Risques en Logistiqueâ / âRisk Management in Logisticsâ Session SP-3 âGestion des Risques et Evaluation de Performanceâ / âRisk Management and Performance Assessmentâ Session SP-4 "Indicateurs ClĂ©s de Performance 4.0 et Dynamique de Prise de DĂ©cisionâ / â4.0 Key Performance Indicators and Decision-Making Dynamics" Session SP-5 "Logistique Maritimeâ / âMarine Logistics" Session SP-6 âTerritoire et Logistique : Un SystĂšme Complexeâ / âTerritory and Logistics: A Complex Systemâ Session SP-7 "Nouvelles AvancĂ©es et Applications de la Logique Floue en Production Durable et en Logistiqueâ / âRecent Advances and Fuzzy-Logic Applications in Sustainable Manufacturing and Logistics" Session SP-8 âGestion des Soins de SantĂ©â / âHealth Care Managementâ Session SP-9 âIngĂ©nierie Organisationnelle et Gestion de la ContinuitĂ© de Service des SystĂšmes de SantĂ© dans lâEre de la Transformation NumĂ©rique de la SociĂ©tĂ©â / âOrganizational Engineering and Management of Business Continuity of Healthcare Systems in the Era of Numerical Society Transformationâ Session SP-10 âPlanification et Commande de la Production pour lâIndustrie 4.0â / âProduction Planning and Control for Industry 4.0â Session SP-11 âOptimisation des SystĂšmes de Production dans le Contexte 4.0 Utilisant lâAmĂ©lioration Continueâ / âProduction System Optimization in 4.0 Context Using Continuous Improvementâ Session SP-12 âDĂ©fis pour la Conception des SystĂšmes de Production Cyber-Physiquesâ / âChallenges for the Design of Cyber Physical Production Systemsâ Session SP-13 âProduction AvisĂ©e et DĂ©veloppement Durableâ / âSmart Manufacturing and Sustainable Developmentâ Session SP-14 âLâHumain dans lâUsine du Futurâ / âHuman in the Factory of the Futureâ Session SP-15 âOrdonnancement et PrĂ©vision de ChaĂźnes Logistiques RĂ©silientesâ / âScheduling and Forecasting for Resilient Supply Chains
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