998,293 research outputs found
Completion of Choice
We systematically study the completion of choice problems in the Weihrauch
lattice. Choice problems play a pivotal role in Weihrauch complexity. For one,
they can be used as landmarks that characterize important equivalences classes
in the Weihrauch lattice. On the other hand, choice problems also characterize
several natural classes of computable problems, such as finite mind change
computable problems, non-deterministically computable problems, Las Vegas
computable problems and effectively Borel measurable functions. The closure
operator of completion generates the concept of total Weihrauch reducibility,
which is a variant of Weihrauch reducibility with total realizers. Logically
speaking, the completion of a problem is a version of the problem that is
independent of its premise. Hence, studying the completion of choice problems
allows us to study simultaneously choice problems in the total Weihrauch
lattice, as well as the question which choice problems can be made independent
of their premises in the usual Weihrauch lattice. The outcome shows that many
important choice problems that are related to compact spaces are complete,
whereas choice problems for unbounded spaces or closed sets of positive measure
are typically not complete.Comment: 30 page
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE STUDENTS’ SCORES OF THE MULTIPLE-CHOICE AND THE COMPLETION TESTS IN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE AT SMK I TULUNGAGUNG
Teachers have the responsibility to assess or evaluate after teaching learning process. They cannot fail to note that some students learn more easily and rapidly than others. Teacher must follow the students’ progress; therefore they should adopt some appropriate technique of evaluation or testing. Some types of evaluation are the multiple choice test and the completion test. The multiple- choice test is test provided an option, and the completion test is a test without provided an option and the students study to use their own idea to answer the test. The purpose of this study is to know the result of the multiple-choice and the completion tests and to measure the difference between mean scores of the multiple-choice and the completion tests measuring the students’ ability in using simple present tense.The research design in this study is comparative study. The population of the study is the 1st year students of SMK 1 Tulungagung. It consists of six classes, they are A, B, C, D, E and F. The total population is 215 students. In this study the writer used cluster sampling because all the 1st year students of SMK 1 Tulungagung share the equal characteristics. The sample of this study is class C and D. They are 67 students as the sample of the study. The instrument used by the writer in this study is the multiple-choice test and the completion test. To analyze the data, the writer uses the t-test formula.Based on the analysis of the data, the mean of the multiple-choice test is higher than the completion test (78.43>72.40). The computation of t-test, t-value is 2.169 and the value of the t-table for .05 level of significance is 2.00. Since t-value is higher than t-table, it can be concluded that there is significant difference between the mean scores of the multiple-choice and the completion tests measuring the students’ ability by using simple present tense
Intention superiority as a mechanism of the question-behavior effect
This paper investigates the mere measurement effect from an intention superiority perspective. Relying on the dynamic processes that characterize intention-related information in memory, the first study shows that a brand tied to an intention remains in a heightened state of activation until choice, after which it becomes inhibited. Competitive brands that are distracting from intention completion are inhibited prior to the completion of the intention. These changes in brand activation drive the mere measurement effect. Two additional studies show that intention superiority can explain findings that cannot be accounted for by traditional theoretical explanations, such as increased choice of the preferred brand after activation of a negatively evaluated brand and decreased choice of the preferred brand when consumers make two subsequent choices
A motivational account of the question-behavior effect
To explain the question-behavior effect, that is, the effect of answering an intention question on subsequent behavior, this article takes on a motivational perspective and proposes that answering an intention question automatically activates an intention. The activation of this motivational state influences subsequent brand choices due to changes in brand accessibilities. Three studies provide support for the assumption that responding to an intention question affects brand choices through a motivational mechanism, such that (1) answering an intention increases the accessibility of motivation-related information and decreases the accessibility of motivation-competing information which increases the choice for the intentionrelated brand; (2) intention completion temporarily reverses the foregoing accessibility patterns, instigating a reversal of the brand choices for an immediate, second brand choice; and (3) the changes in brand accessibilities and thus the behavioral effect persist as the delay between the intention question and brand choice occasion increases until intention completion
Health Workers' Performance in the Implementation of Patient Centred Tuberculosis Treatment (PCT) Strategy Under Programmatic Conditions in Tanzania: A Cross Sectional Study.
Patient Centred Tuberculosis Treatment (PCT) is a promising treatment delivery strategy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). It aims to improve adherence to treatment by giving patients the choice of having drug intake supervised at the health facility by a medical professional or at home by a supporter of their choice. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in three districts of Tanzania during October 2007, one year after PCT was rolled out nationally. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to assess whether key elements of the PCT approach were being implemented, to evaluate supporters' knowledge, to capture opinions on factors contributing to treatment completion, and to assess how treatment completion was measured. Transcripts from open-ended responses were analysed using framework analysis. Interviews were conducted with 127 TB patients, 107 treatment supporters and 70 health workers. In total, 25.2% of TB patients were not given a choice about the place of treatment by health workers, and only 13.7% of those given a choice reported that they were given adequate time to make their decision. Only 24.3% of treatment supporters confirmed that they were instructed how to complete patients' treatment cards. Proper health education was the factor most frequently reported by health workers as favouring successful completion of TB treatment (45.7%). The majority of health workers (68.6%) said they checked returned blister packs to verify whether patients had taken their treatment, but only 20.0% checked patients' treatment cards. The provision of choice of treatment location, information on treatment, and guidance for treatment supporters need to be improved. There is a requirement for regular re-training of health workers with effective supportive supervision if successful implementation of the PCT approach is to be sustained
Classicalize or not to Classicalize?
We show that theories that exhibit classicalization phenomenon cease to do so
as soon as they are endowed a Wilsonian weakly-coupled UV-completion that
restores perturbative unitarity, despite the fact that such UV-completion does
not change the leading structure of the effective low-energy theory. For
example, a Chiral Lagrangian of Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pions), with or without
the Higgs (QCD) UV-completion looks the same in zero momentum limit, but the
latter classicalizes in high energy scattering, whereas the former does not.
Thus, theory must make a definite choice, either accept a weakly-coupled
UV-completion or be classicalized. The UV-awareness that determines the choice
is encoded in sub-leading structure of effective low-energy action. This
peculiarity has to do with the fundamental fact that in classicalizing theories
high energies correspond to large distances, due to existence of the extended
classical configurations sourced by energy. UV-fate of the theory can be
parameterized by introducing a concept of a new quantum length-scale,
de-classicalization radius. Classicalization is abolished when this radius is a
dominant length. We then observe a possibility of a qualitatively new regime,
in which a theory classicalizes only within a finite window of energies. We
suggest that one possible interpretation of physics above the classicality
window is in terms of a quantum theory of unstable extended objects, analogous,
for example, to unstable QCD-type flux tubes. In this picture ordinary QCD can
be viewed as a would-be classicalizing theory with collapsed classicality
window.Comment: 20 page
How Does the Association between Social Support and Drug Court Completion Vary by Drug of Choice?
Drug courts are a common way of handling drug-related cases in the criminal justice system, with the goal of treating the clients’ substance dependency and related criminal behavior. Despite their popularity and effectiveness, some clients are not successful in drug court. Therefore, to improve drug court and client success, this study examines how social support and drug of choice impact drug court completion and how drug of choice moderates the association between social support and drug court completion. Utilizing logistic regression to analyze data from three Indiana problem-solving courts that serve drug-involved offenders, this study finds mixed effects on how social support impacts drug court completion. Formal social support has a significant yet negative effect on completion, while informal social support does not have a significant effect on drug court completion. Furthermore, it finds that drug of choice is a significant predictor of drug court completion, and drug of choice also moderates the relationship between formal social support and drug court completion
Involutive Division Technique: Some Generalizations and Optimizations
In this paper, in addition to the earlier introduced involutive divisions, we
consider a new class of divisions induced by admissible monomial orderings. We
prove that these divisions are noetherian and constructive. Thereby each of
them allows one to compute an involutive Groebner basis of a polynomial ideal
by sequentially examining multiplicative reductions of nonmultiplicative
prolongations. We study dependence of involutive algorithms on the completion
ordering. Based on properties of particular involutive divisions two
computational optimizations are suggested. One of them consists in a special
choice of the completion ordering. Another optimization is related to
recomputing multiplicative and nonmultiplicative variables in the course of the
algorithm.Comment: 19 page
Positive definite -spherical functions, property (T), and -completions of Gelfand pairs
The study of existence of a universal -completion of the -algebra
canonically associated to a Hecke pair was initiated by Hall, who proved that
the Hecke algebra associated to (\operatorname{SL}_2(\Qp),
\operatorname{SL}_2(\Zp)) does not admit a universal -completion.
Kaliszewski, Landstad and Quigg studied the problem by placing it in the
framework of Fell-Rieffel equivalence, and highlighted the role of other
-completions. In the case of the pair (\operatorname{SL}_n(\Qp),
\operatorname{SL}_n(\Zp)) for we show, invoking property (T) of
\operatorname{SL}_n(\Qp), that the -completion of the -Banach
algebra and the corner of C^*(\operatorname{SL}_n(\Qp)) determined by the
subgroup are distinct. In fact, we prove a more general result valid for a
simple algebraic group of rank at least over a -adic field
with a good choice of a maximal compact open subgroup.Comment: 15 page
Using Function-Based Choice-Making Interventions to Increase Task Completion and Accuracy and to Reduce Problem Behaviors for Students with E/BD
Two choice-making interventions (task sequence and where) were implemented by a classroom teacher to determine the effects on the percentage of task completion, accuracy, and classroom disruption for ten sixth through eighth grade students with E/BD in a residential math classroom using a reversal design. An FBA was conducted to determine the function of disruptive behavior during independent math practice prior to the implementation of the two choice-making interventions. The math teacher provided either choice of task sequence of the independent tasks or choice of where to complete the independent tasks. Results indicate that choice of task sequence matched avoidance-maintained behaviors for two of four participants who exhibited reduced disruptive behaviors and increased task completion and accuracy. Results were mixed for six students with access-maintained behavior. Three of the six students showed decreased disruptive behaviors and increased task completion and accuracy with the hypothesized choice of where intervention. However, three participants decreased overall in disruptive behavior and increased task completion and accuracy; choice of task sequence was the most effective intervention. Future directions for research in choice-making interventions are discussed as well as limitations of the present study
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