Multimodalidades anodicas e catodicas : a negação controlada em logicas multimodais e seu poder expressivo

Orientador: Itala Maria Loffredo D'OttavianoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias HumanasResumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o papel da negação no âmbito das modalidades, de forma a poder esclarecer até que ponto a negação pode ser atenuada, controlada ou mesmo totalmente eliminada em favor da melhor expressabilidade lógica de certas teorias, asserções ou raciocínios que sofrem os efeitos da negação. Contudo, atenuar ou eliminar a negação tem um alto preço: métodos tradicionais em lógica podem deixar de ser válidos e certos resultados, como teoremas de completude para sistemas lógicos, podem ser derrogados. Do ponto de vista formal, a questão central que investigamos aqui e até que ponto tais métodos podem ser restabelecidos. Com tal finalidade, iniciamos nosso estudo a partir do que denominamos sistemas anódicos" (sem negação) e, a posteriori, introduzimos gradativamente o elemento catódico" (negações, com diversas gradações e diferentes características) nos sistemas modais por meio de combinações com certas lógicas paraconsistentes, as chamadas lógicas da inconsistência formal (LFIs). Todos os sistemas tratados são semanticamente caracterizados por semânticas de mundos possíveis; resultados de incompletude são também obtidos e discutidos. Obtemos ainda semânticas modais de traduções possíveis para diversos desses sistemas. Avançamos na direção das multimodalidades, investigando os assim chamados sistemas multimodais anódicos e catódicos. Finalmente, procuramos avaliar criticamente o alcance e o interesse dos resultados obtidos na direção da racionalidade sensível à negação.Abstract: The present work aims to investigate the role of negations in the scope of modalities and in the reasoning expressed by modalities. The investigation starts from what we call anodic" systems (without any form of negation) and gradually reaches the cathodic" elements, where negations are introduced by means of combining modal logics with certain paraconsistent logics known as logics of formal inconsistency (LFIs). We obtain completeness results for all treated systems, and also show that certain incompleteness results can be obtained. The class of the investigated systems includes all normal modal logics that are extended by means of the schema Gk;l;m;n due to E. J. Lemmon and D. Scott combined with LFIs. We also tackle the question of obtaining modal possible-translations semantics for these systems. Analogous results are analyzed in the scope of multimodalities, where anodic as much as cathodic logics are studied. Finally, we advance a critical evaluation of the reach and scope of all the results obtained to what concerns expressibility of reasoning considered to be sensible to negation. We also critically assess the obtained results in contrast with problems of rationality that are sensible to negation.DoutoradoDoutor em Filosofi

Abstract Consequence and Logics - Essays in Honor of Edelcio G. de Souza

Edelcio G. de Souza is a Brazilian logician and philosopher who has researches in the domains of abstract logic, non-classical systems, philosophy of science and the foundations of mathematics. This book is in his honor with the purpose of celebrating his 60th birthday. It contains some articles connected with the above topics and other subjects in logical investigations

Paraconsistent modalities as a basis for treating epistemic-doxastic paradoxes

Orientador: Itala Maria Loffredo D'OttavianoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências HumanasResumo: Pretende-se nesta dissertação analisar sistemas de lógicas modais paraconsistentes que sirvam de base para o tratamento formal de Paradoxos no âmbito das Lógicas Epistêmico-Doxásticas, lógicas modais que formalizam as noções de conhecimento e crença. Estas por sua vez são interpretações de lógicas modais baseadas na lógica clássica, na qual demonstra-se o Princípio Ex Falso Sequitur Quodlibet, conhecido também como Princípio de Explosão. A demonstração deste Princípio nestas lógicas contribui para resultados indesejados como o Paradoxo da Cognoscibilidade (ou Paradoxo de Fitch), e o Paradoxo da Credibilidade, ambos resultados que levam aos colapsos dos operadores de crença e conhecimento, respectivamente. Algumas soluções têm sido propostas para lidar com os Paradoxos, dentre elas rejeitar certas hipóteses assumidas, tais como o Princípio de Cognoscibilidade. A presente dissertação segue outra linha, a saber, que busca investigar os efeitos decorrentes de dotar de bases paraconsistentes os sistemas nos quais os Paradoxos ocorrem. O aparato lógico que utilizaremos para esta tarefa são os chamados sistemas catódicos, introduzidos em [Bueno-Soler, 2009]. Estes são sistemas modais que contêm negações subclássicas em suas linguagens e podem ser vistos como combinações entre lógicas modais e paraconsistentes. Especificamente investigamos a possibilidade de que Lógicas da Inconsistência Formal (LFIs), introduzidas em [Carnielli e Marcos, 2002] e desenvolvidas em [Carnielli, Coniglio e Marcos, 2007] possam constituir sistemas catódicos promissores para o tratamento dos Paradoxos Epistêmico-DoxásticosAbstract: The aim of this dissertation is to analyze paraconsistent modal logic systems that serve as the basis for the formal treatment of Paradoxes within the framework of Epistemic-Doxastic Logics, modal logics that formalize the notions of knowledge and belief. These, in turn, are interpretations of modal logics based on classical logic, in which the Ex Falso Sequitur Quodlibet Principle, also known as the Explosion Principle, is demonstrable. The demonstration of this Principle in these logics contributes to unwanted outcomes such as the Paradox of Knowability (or Fitch Paradox), and the Credibility Paradox, both of which results in the collapse of belief and knowledge operators, respectively. Some solutions have been proposed to deal with the Paradoxes, among them rejecting certain assumed hypotheses, such as the Principle of Knowability. The present dissertation follows another line, namely, that seeks to investigate the effects of providing paraconsistent bases with the systems in which Paradoxes occur. The logical apparatus that we will use for this task are the so-called cathodic systems, introduced in [Bueno-Soler, 2009]. These are modal systems that contain subclassic negations in their languages and can be seen as combinations of modal and paraconsistent logics. Specifically, we investigated the possibility that Logics of Formal Inconsistency (LFIs), introduced in [Carnielli and Marcos, 2002] and developed in [Carnielli, Coniglio and Marcos, 2007] may constitute promising cathodic systems for the treatment of Epistemic-Doxastic ParadoxesMestradoFilosofiaMestre em Filosofia161480CAPE

Ageing Futures: Towards Cognitively Inclusive Digital Media Products

This thesis is situated in a moment when the theory and practice of inclusive design appears to be significantly implicated in the social and economic response to demographic changes in Western Europe by addressing the need to reconnect older people with technology. In light of claims that cognitive ageing results in an increasing disconnection from novel digital media in old age, inclusive design is apparently trapped in a discourse in which digital media products and interfaces are designed as a response to a deterministic decline in abilities. The thesis proceeds from this context to ask what intellectual moves are required within the discourses of inclusive design so that its community of theorists and practitioners can both comprehend and afford the enaction of cognitive experience in old age? Whilst influential design scholarship actively disregards reductionist cognitive explanations of human and technological relationships, it appears that inclusive design still requires an explanation of temporal changes to human cognition in later life. Whilst there is a burgeoning area of design related research dealing with this issue—an area this thesis defines as ‘cognitively inclusive design’—the underlying assumptions and claims supporting this body of research suggests its theorists and practitioners are struggling to move beyond conceptualising older people as passive consumers suffering a deterioration in key cognitive abilities. The thesis argues that, by revisiting the cognitive sciences for alternative explanations for the basis of human cognition, it is possible to relieve this problem by opening up new spaces for designers to critically reflect upon the manner in which older people interact with digital media. In taking a position that design is required to support human cognitive enactment, the thesis develops a new approach to conceptualising temporal changes in human cognition, defined as ‘senescent cognition’. From this new critical lens, the thesis provides an alternative ‘senescentechnic’ explanation of cognitive disconnections between older people and digital media that eschews reductionism and moves beyond a deterministic process of deterioration. In reassessing what ageing cognition means, new strategies for the future of inclusive design are proposed that emphasise the role of creating space for older people to actively explore, reflect upon and enact their own cognitive couplings with technology.Arts and Humanities Research Counci

Street Furniture and the Nation State: A Global Process

In the popular imagination, street furniture has traditionally been understood as evoking a sense of national or local identity. From Paris’ metro entrances, DDR lampposts in Berlin, and London’s york stone pavements, the designed environment has been able to contribute to the unique qualities of a place. In some instances this was deliberate. In postwar Britain for instance, the Council of Industrial Design – a state-funded design organization - often appeared to measure the quality of street furniture on the basis of its national characteristics. On other occasions, the relationship between such objects and identity emerged accidentally. In Britain during the 1980s, for example, the replacement of Gilbert Scott's red telephone box with an alternative BT model provoked considerable debate. For many people, this act was not just a Conservative attack on nationalization and state-ownership, but also on the very fabric of British identity. This understanding of street furniture has retained its currency for many years, and cities across the world have used street furniture to provide a sense of visual coherency for neighbourhoods in need of new identities, strengthening their character and improving the public's relationship to them. In this way, street furniture has been employed as a cipher for the narrative of regeneration, in which - as a means of altering the identity of a space - street furniture can project a new face upon the street. Increasingly however, advertising companies are able to lever themselves into the street furniture market by offering to provide the service to the local authorities for free in return for advertising space. In offering this service, global companies like JC Decaux, Wall and Clear Channel command a huge amount of commercial power within the city. The excessive homogenization of street furniture coupled with the overwhelming presence of advertising which is increasingly sanctioned by local authorities keen to reduce costs, has resulted in the perception of poorer quality streets. Thus, the irony of regeneration is that by seeking to promote the unique identity of a city, many places often end up looking more and more alike. This paper will examine recent developments in the process by which the street is furnished and the agents responsible. It will specifically look at how these changes have affected the relationship between street furniture and identity, and equally the effect this process has had on understandings of national design histories. Clearly, evaluating contemporary street furniture through the lens of the nation-state is of very little value, since the international differences between street furniture are considerably less marked than they used to be. This extraordinary aesthetic convergence is partly linked to economies of scale - after all, just how many different kinds of bus stop can Europe afford to have? Yet it also reflects some of the challenges posed by globalization and privatization of public space. This paper will reflect upon that process, and how these bigger narratives increasingly affect the landscape of the street

Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction towards E-shopping in Malaysia

Online shopping or e-shopping has changed the world of business and quite a few people have decided to work with these features. What their primary concerns precisely and the responses from the globalisation are the competency of incorporation while doing their businesses. E-shopping has also increased substantially in Malaysia in recent years. The rapid increase in the e-commerce industry in Malaysia has created the demand to emphasize on how to increase customer satisfaction while operating in the e-retailing environment. It is very important that customers are satisfied with the website, or else, they would not return. Therefore, a crucial fact to look into is that companies must ensure that their customers are satisfied with their purchases that are really essential from the ecommerce’s point of view. With is in mind, this study aimed at investigating customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among students randomly selected from various public and private universities located within Klang valley area. Total 369 questionnaires were returned, out of which 341 questionnaires were found usable for further analysis. Finally, SEM was employed to test the hypotheses. This study found that customer satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia is to a great extent influenced by ease of use, trust, design of the website, online security and e-service quality. Finally, recommendations and future study direction is provided. Keywords: E-shopping, Customer satisfaction, Trust, Online security, E-service quality, Malaysia

Selected aspects of providing the chemmotological reliability of the engineering

Transport sector is an important component of the economy that have an impact on the development and prosperity of the population. Rational use of fuels and lubricants, energy efficiency, environmental safety are included into the list of the most important problems of the modern world. Solving these problems determines in a great manner the sustainable development of the world economy and keeping comfort conditions for human being. Efficiency, reliability of operation of vehicles, rational use of operational materials depend on their correct selection. According to its quality operational materials must conform to both the model and operating conditions of vehicles. The use of poor quality materials leads to a decrease in the durability and reliability of machinery and machine parts; the use of materials of higher quality than required causes unreasonable increase in costs. The knowledge of machinery suggest not only the knowledge of construction, kinematic, dynamic, and temperature characteristics but also physico-chemical properties of constituent materials that are necessary for analyzing and forecasting of physico-chemical processes during use of a Fuels or a Lubricants. Thus, the efficiency and reliability of vehicles operation depends not only on their structural characteristics, but also on the optimal selection of Fuels and Lubricants, Technical Liquids and other Operational Materials. Work professional activity of specialists dedicated to petroleum refinery, organizing of storage, transportation and distribution of products, assurance of correspondence between the properties of Fuels, Lubricants, Technical liquids and the conditions of operation of technology and engines aimed at obtaining maximum technical, economical, ecological and social effects is called usage of Fuels, Lubricants and Technical liquids. To know Fuels, Lubricants and Technical liquids is to clearly understand the interconnection of quality parameters with physico-chemical and energy processes, occurring in the process of their use under specific conditions, and also the connection with their chemical and group composition. The knowledge of technology suggest not only the knowledge of construction, kinematic, dynamic, and temperature characteristics but also physico-chemical properties of constituent materials that are necessary for analyzing and forecasting of physico-chemical processes during use of a Fuel or a Lubricant. The study of the essence, regularity (tendens) and connections of phenomena and the processes of use of Fuels, Lubricants, Technical liquids in Aviation Technology with the help of special methodological tools is the base of Aviation Chemmotology. Aviation Chemmotology is a part of Chemmotology that studies and solves the problems of ensuring the necessary quality and application requirements of Fuels and Lubricants used in Aviation Technology. Chemmotological reliability is a reliability of technology depending on the Quality of Fuels and Lubricants (the ability of technology to maintain good reliability when operated with Fuels and Lubricants grades that are of a economically reasonable quality level). This monograph as an intergative scientific work of many scholars is a striking example of the representation of these aspects and really illustrates the modern consolidated work of scientists and practitioners, trends in the development of scientific schools of different universities, different countries and science in general. Because, as is know, science does not have borders. Scientific achievements are global civilizational heritage

Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995)

The files on this record represent the various databases that originally composed the CD-ROM issue of "Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding" database, which is now part of the Dudley Knox Library's Abstracts and Selected Full Text Documents on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995) Collection. (See Calhoun record https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/57364 for further information on this collection and the bibliography). Due to issues of technological obsolescence preventing current and future audiences from accessing the bibliography, DKL exported and converted into the three files on this record the various databases contained in the CD-ROM. The contents of these files are: 1) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_xls.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.xls: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format; RDFA_Glossary.xls: Glossary of terms, in Excel 97-2003 Workbookformat; RDFA_Biographies.xls: Biographies of leading figures, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format]; 2) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_csv.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.TXT: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in CSV format; RDFA_Glossary.TXT: Glossary of terms, in CSV format; RDFA_Biographies.TXT: Biographies of leading figures, in CSV format]; 3) RDFA_CompleteBibliography.pdf: A human readable display of the bibliographic data, as a means of double-checking any possible deviations due to conversion