Computably enumerable Turing degrees and the meet property

Working in the Turing degree structure, we show that those degrees which contain computably enumerable sets all satisfy the meet property, i.e. if a is c.e. and b < a, then there exists non-zero m < a with b ^m = 0. In fact, more than this is true: m may always be chosen to be a minimal degree. This settles a conjecture of Cooper and Epstein from the 80s

The impossibility of an effective theory of policy in a complex economy

theory of policy,dynamical system,computation universality,recursive rule,complex economy

Structural properties of the local Turing degrees

In this thesis we look at some properties of the local Turing Degrees, as a partial order. We first give discussion of the Turing Degrees and certain historical results, some translated into a form resembling the constructions we look at later. Chapter 1 gives a introduction to the Turing Degrees, Chapter 2 introduces the Local Degrees. In Chapter 3 we look at minimal Turing Degrees, modifying some historical results to use a priority tree, which we use in chapter 4 to prove the new result that every c.e. degree has the (minimal) meet property. Chapter 5 uses similar methods to establish existence of a high 2 degree that does not have the meet property

The meet property in local degree structures

In this thesis we look at whether two different classes of local Turing degrees (the c.e. degrees, and the 1-generic degrees below 0') satisfy the meet property - where a degree a satisfies the meet property if it is incomputable and for all b < a there exists a non-zero degree c such that a ∧ c = 0. We first give a general discussion of the Turing Degrees and certain known results, before giving a brief introduction to priority arguments. This is followed by some more technical considerations (full approximation and minimal degree constructions) before the proof of two new theorems - the first concerning c.e. degrees and the meet property and the second concerning 1 − generic degrees and the meet property. Chapter 1 contains a broad introduction to the Turing Degrees, and Chapter 2 to the Local Degrees. In Chapter 3 we consider minimal degree constructions, which we use in Chapter 4 to prove our first new theorem - Theorem 4.2.1 Given any non-zero c.e. degree a and any degree b < a, there is a minimal degree m < a such that m ≰ b. From which we get Corollary 4.2.2 Every c.e. degree satisfies the meet property - answering a question first asked by Cooper and Epstein in the 1980s. In Chapter 5 we prove the second new theorem - Theorem 5.2.2 There exists a 1 − generic degree which does not satisfy the meet property - showing that a result from Kumabe in the 1990s does not extend to the case n = 1

Uncomputability and Undecidability in Economic Theory

Economic theory, game theory and mathematical statistics have all increasingly become algorithmic sciences. Computable Economics, Algorithmic Game Theory ([28]) and Algorithmic Statistics ([13]) are frontier research subjects. All of them, each in its own way, are underpinned by (classical) recursion theory - and its applied branches, say computational complexity theory or algorithmic information theory - and, occasionally, proof theory. These research paradigms have posed new mathematical and metamathematical questions and, inadvertently, undermined the traditional mathematical foundations of economic theory. A concise, but partial, pathway into these new frontiers is the subject matter of this paper. Interpreting the core of mathematical economic theory to be defined by General Equilibrium Theory and Game Theory, a general - but concise - analysis of the computable and decidable content of the implications of these two areas are discussed. Issues at the frontiers of macroeconomics, now dominated by Recursive Macroeconomic Theory, are also tackled, albeit ultra briefly. The point of view adopted is that of classical recursion theory and varieties of constructive mathematics.General Equilibrium Theory, Game Theory, Recursive Macro-economics, (Un)computability, (Un)decidability, Constructivity

Extended regular expressions: succinctness and decidability

Most modern implementations of regular expression engines allow the use of variables (also called backreferences). The resulting extended regular expressions (which, in the literature, are also called practical regular expressions, rewbr, or regex) are able to express non-regular languages. The present paper demonstrates that extended regular-expressions cannot be minimized effectively (neither with respect to length, nor number of variables), and that the tradeoff in size between extended and "classical" regular expressions is not bounded by any recursive function. In addition to this, we prove the undecidability of several decision problems (universality, regularity, and cofiniteness) for extended regular expressions. Furthermore, we show that all these results hold even if the extended regular expressions contain only a single variable. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC